RESUMO
Antiandrogens have been used for the treatment of prostate cancer as a single agent or in combination with hormone deprivation therapy. New generation antiandrogens act like androgen receptor inhibitors (ARIs). Their binding complex blocks the pathways of cellular proliferation and differentiation of the prostate. Enzalutamide, apalutamide and darolutamide are the new ARIs that demonstrated acceptable tolerability and toxicity, both active in hormone-sensitive and castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). There is no evidence of superiority of one drug over the other, therefore the therapeutic choice depends on the safety profile in relation to the individual patient, their comorbidities and clinical condition. ARIs have also shown promising results in association with new drugs that are active on patients with metastatic CRPC carrying the mutated breast cancer gene (BRCA). Before undergoing new antiandrogenic therapies, patients should be evaluated for cardiological and metabolic risk and possible drug interactions.
RESUMO
ABSTRACT: A 52-year-old woman was evaluated for the appearance of a neck lump and dysphonia. Neck ultrasonography showed a large cystic nodule in the right thyroid lobe, confirmed by fine-needle aspiration cytology. Thyroid function and calcitonin were normal. 18 F-FDG PET/TC showed moderate tracer uptake by the outer ring of the large hypodense formation. Right hemithyroidectomy was performed; since intraoperative histology showed an intracystic and invasive papillary thyroid carcinoma, a completion thyroidectomy was done. Definitive histopathology confirmed the intraoperative findings. 18 F-FDG PET/CT may be a useful imaging procedure in evaluating patients with cystic thyroid nodules whenever clinical/ultrasonographic features are suspicious for malignancy.