Topical treatment of tissue damage due to extravasation of iodinated contrast using thermal compresses.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effectiveness of the topical application of dry cold or dry hot compresses in the treatment of non-ionic iodinated contrast extravasation injury. METHODS: A multicenter, consecutive, non-probabilistic experimental clinical trial was carried out between June 2017 and September 2020. The study included patients with extravasation of non-ionic iodinated contrast, administered through an injector pump during a computed tomography procedure. In the experimental group, a dry heat pack was applied in the first hour of treatment followed by a dry cold pack; the control group received only the cold pack. The size of the extravasation, pain, details of contrast administration, anthropomorphic data and the patient's clinical history were recorded. Follow-up was carried out at 24h. RESULTS: 65 patients were included, of which 32 were treated with cold pack only and 33 with heat and cold. In those receiving heat treatment, 30 (90.9%) patients had complete resolution, while those with cold treatment only had complete resolution in 13 (40.6%); p<0.001 and odds ratio 14.6 (95% CI 3.7-58.1). With the initial application of dry heat, local inflammation improved by 1.2% more than in those with dry cold treatment only. CONCLUSIONS: The application of dry heat during the first hour of treatment was more effective, by more than 50 percentage points, at diffusing contrast and modulating the inflammatory process.

[Nursing University Education in a New Healthcare Setting]. / La formación universitaria de las enfermeras en el nuevo contexto asistencial.

Nursing university education has to respond to the challenges of the 21st century. Health conditions are highly complex with associated social problems. The universities should train nurses with a transforming vision, by defining study plans, preventive approach and promoting health, in a context of community health. The information and communication technologies along with the nurse leadership are also essential elements of value for graduated nurses. An innovative response to social needs and transformation of society requires commitment in defining the study plans of degree and also in the master's degree and in the continuing education programs. Investigate is how to acquire the necessary skills to generate knowledge to help ensure the professional development of nurses and contribute to the persons health.

[The Care and the People and the ITC]. / El cuidado a las personas y las TIC.

The advancement and consolidation of information and communications technologies (ICT) has favored electronic medical records as the link between the clinical and patient health information. Appropriate use of ICT can improve and ensure coordination between different health professionals and levels of care. The aim of ICT is to facilitate the continuum of care and foster care efficiency and quality. However, professionals should make appropriate use of ICT based primarily on non-maleficence and confidentiality. The ICT: 1. Improve care continuity. 2. Facilitate integration and coordination, in order to provide personalized and excellent care between different levels of care. 3. Reduce health costs (in patients of high complexity, for example). The ICT facilitate the non-contact care, spacing the time between visits. The disadvantage of ICT are related to confidentiality and depersonalization of patient care. Nurses, by using ICT, play a leading role, given its role in health promotion and disease prevention. In these contexts, ICT can help innovate and improve the quality of care and health outcomes. In this regard, nurses have a great opportunity to innovate in care and take leadership in remote monitoring of patients. ICT have created new professionals, patients and providers challenges that should be studied in order to minimize problems and seek solutions. Social networks are useful for refining and deepening the relationship between nurses and patients, disseminating nursing research among nurses and nurse visibility.

[Integration of Health Information Patient]. / La integración de la información de salud del paciente.

Information and communications technology (ICT) is implemented in health systems. However, the current economic situation raises questions regarding how the health system will evolve in a context of widespread use of ICT, but with sustainability problems. "Beside sustainability and consolidation, now a days, the challenge is the integration of information and in which care level and who among health professionals should lead this step forward in health care. All this represents a major change of mindset for users of health systems, and the need to integrate all health care, working more transversely, with the aim of achieve more health care continuity and provide better quality in health care of the citizen.

Influence of nursing interventions on adherence to treatment with antituberculosis drugs in children and young people: research protocol.

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of nursing interventions on adherence to antituberculosis medication in a paediatric cohort (aged 0-18 years) and to identify the risk factors for non-compliance. BACKGROUND: After primary infection, children have a higher risk of developing tuberculosis and the severity of the disease is worse in children. Adherence to treatment is essential to control both latent infection and tuberculosis disease. DESIGN: Phase 1: retrospective descriptive analysis (n = 270) in children and young people receiving antituberculosis treatment. Phase 2: quasi-experimental, longitudinal, prospective study (n = 100). The results of the two phases will be compared. METHODS: Phase 1: in children followed up during the period 2011-2013 (non-intervention group), the level of adherence and its associated epidemiological, sociocultural and clinical risk factors will be analysed. Phase 2: educational (written information in the child's mother tongue and follow-up telephone calls) and monitoring (Eidus-Hamilton test and follow-up questionnaire) nursing interventions will be implemented. The results of the two phases will be compared. The definitive Nurse-led Follow-up Programme will then be designed. This project was funded in October 2013. DISCUSSION: The risk factors for poor adherence to antituberculosis therapy need to be identified to optimize treatment success in latent tuberculosis infection and disease in children and young people. Simultaneous application of several educational and monitoring methods in nurse-led follow-up shall improve adherence in children and adolescents in our setting. These results may also be applicable in other settings, where tuberculosis is more prevalent and directly observed treatment strategies are not available.

[SANITARY WASTE IN THE HOSPITAL SETTING: ATTITUDE OF HEALTH PROFESSIONALS TOWARD ADVANCED MANAGEMENT OF SANITARY WASTE]. / Residuos sanitarios en el ámbito hospitalario (y 3).

OBJECTVE: The aim of this study was to assess the attitude of nurse assistants, nurses, physicians, and lab technicians about advanced management of medical waste. METHODS: Cross-sectional study of Attitude and explanatory variable degree of concordance between Attitude, Knowledge, and Risk Perception. The sample size was 176 health professionals from three hospitals in,the Barcelona area. A questionnaire of 44 items with responses measured on a Likert scale type questions and free and spontaneous association and incomplete sentences was used. RESULTS: Mean Attitude of health professionals surveyed was 4.40, with a standard deviation of 0.4 on a scale of 1-5, where 1 is considered a very negative and five a very positive Attitude. According to the values obtained with the Professional Category, the nurse assistants had an average value of 4.45 in Attitude, followed by nurses (4.36), physicians (4.27), and lab technicians (4.47). In the Pearson correlation, coefficients between Attitude, Risk Perception, Global Assessment, and level of Knowledge, values of r = 0.172 andp = 0.023 were obtained, r = -0.156 and p = 0.039 and r = 0.013 and p = 0.865 respectively. The mean values of the variables Knowledge, Risk Perception, Attitude, and Overall Rating were significantly different (ANOVA) in Knowledge level, according to Professional Category and Welfare Service, but not in other categories. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the current study suggest that health professionals generally have a very positive Attitude towards the management of medical waste. A significant relationship between Attitude and Risk Perception and Overall Rating was observed. In terms of the analysis of Variance, there was a significant difference in the level of Knowledge according to the Professional Category and the Assistance Service.

[MANAGEMENT OF HEALTHCARE WASTE IN THE HOSPITAL SETTING. UNDERSTANDING RISK MANAGEMENT]. / Gestión de los residuos sanitarios en el ámbito hospitalario (2).

UNLABELLED: The sanitary waste represents a potential hazard for health workers. Given the high risk of infection in labor accidents, the correct management of sanitary waste minimizes this risk and improves labor and environment conditions. OBJECTIVE: To identify risk perception with health professionals in relation to the advanced sorting and management of healthcare waste (HW). METHODOLOGY: The current study is a descriptive, cross-sectional. The sample size was 177 health workers (nurse assistants, nurses, physicians, lab technicians) from three hospitals in Barcelona (Catalonia). Homemade questionnaire and questions with a free and spontaneous association and incomplete sentences were used to analyze labor variables, perception of risk and personal security through a Likert scale. RESULTS: Using a score from 1 (the lowest perception of risk) to 5 (the high perception of risk) to assess the risk perception, the average value for nurse assistants, nurses, physicians, and lab technicians was 3.71, 3.75, 3.83 and 4.03, respectively. Referring to items with free and spontaneous response association, 44.8% of workers consider HW as a biohazard, 29.6% consider it as waste material, 22.1% state that it must be managed properly and 3.5% described it as unknown residues. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that all health professionals generally have a perception of high risk. The lab technicians have a higher perception of the real risk of inadequate management of HW A 63.2% report that everyone has to make a proper management to preserve their occupational health; the 59% consider that the HW are a biological risk to the general population and only the 47.8% that are harmful to public health. Although it should be noted that only 44.8% think that HW are toxic and dangerous.

Compliance with the smoke-free policy in hospitals in Spain: the patients' perspective.

OBJECTIVE: To explore compliance with the smoke-free policy in hospitals in Catalonia, Spain, by exploring inpatients' perceptions. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of a random sample of 1047 inpatients from 13 public hospitals. We collected data about: (a) type of information about the smoke-free policy provided by the hospital, (b) patients' knowledge about the policy, (c) general appreciation of the compliance with the policy, and (d) specific appreciation of such compliance by noticing any sign of tobacco consumption. We described the data by several patients' and hospitals' characteristics and assessed their association with the perceived noncompliance using prevalence ratios (PR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: Few patients were informed about the smoke-free policy (4.8% orally, 6.1% in writing, and 55.6% through sign postings). About 64% were aware of the regulation and 73.5% believed that it was properly obeyed. While 0.7% had never or rarely observed smoking indoors, 36.2% had seen someone smoking outdoors sometimes or many times. Signs of tobacco consumption were observed indoors and outdoors. Factors associated with the perception of noncompliance were: being less than 45 years old versus being more than 64 years old (adjusted PR, 2.33; 95% CI, 1.09-4.98) and currently smoking versus have never smoked (adjusted PR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.02-3.34). CONCLUSION: Compliance with the smoke-free policy in hospitals according to the patients' view is notable, although several infringements were reported, mainly outdoors. The smoke-free policy in hospitals should be reinforced by prompting continuous awareness campaigns and the exemplary role of hospital workers.

Implementation of advanced triage in the Emergency Department of high complexity public hospital: Research protocol.

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of advanced nurse triage based on the quality of care outcomes of patients attending the Emergency Department of a high-complexity hospital. To analyse the concept of advanced triage and the essential elements of the construct. DESIGN: Mixed longitudinal study, divided into 4 steps; which will include an initial qualitative step, two observational studies and finally, a quasi-experimental study. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT05230108. METHODS: Step 1 will consist of a concept analysis. Step 2 will include a mapping of advanced practice protocol terminologies. Step 3 will analyse the opinion of health professionals on advanced triage. In step 4: in the retrospective phase (n = 1095), sociodemographic and clinical variables and quality indicators such as waiting time will be analysed. After that, in the prospective phase (n = 547), advanced triage will be implemented and the two cohorts will be compared. The whole study will be carried out from January 2022 to January 2024. DISCUSSION: Patients classified as low complexity at triage are more vulnerable to emergency department overcrowding. The implementation of advanced triage would make it possible to respond to patient needs by offering equitable and quality healthcare, facilitating accessibility, safety and humanization of the emergency department.

Passive exposure and perceptions of smoke-free policies in hospital and university campuses among nursing students: A cross-sectional multicenter study.

INTRODUCTION: Outdoor smoke-free regulations reduce exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) and help to denormalize tobacco use. As future key agents in health promotion, nursing students' attitudes should agree with tobacco-control policies. The objectives of this study were: 1) assess nursing students' exposure to SHS in nursing schools, 2) explore their perceptions of compliance with the existing smoke-free regulations in acute-care hospitals; and 3) describe their support for indoor and outdoor smoking bans on hospital and university campuses. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional multicenter study conducted in 2015-2016 in all 15 university nursing schools in Catalonia, Spain. A questionnaire gathered information on SHS exposure, awareness of the smoke-free regulation in acutecare hospitals, and support for smoke-free policies in indoor and outdoor areas of hospitals and university campuses. Participants were nursing students attending classes on the day of the survey. We performed descriptive analyses and calculated adjusted prevalence ratios (APR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: Of 4381 respondents, 99.1% had seen people smoking in outdoor areas of their university campus, and 75.2% had been exposed to SHS on the campus (6.0% indoors and 69.2% outdoors). Nearly 60% were aware of the smoking regulation in place in acute-care hospitals. There was widespread support for smoke-free indoor hospital regulation (98.7%), but less support (64.8%) for outdoor regulations. Approximately 33% supported the regulation to make outdoor healthcare campuses smoke-free, which was higher among third-year students compared to first-year students (APR=1.41; 95% CI: 1.24-1.62), among never smokers (41.4%; APR=2.84; 95% CI: 2.21-3.64) compared to smokers, and among those who were aware of the regulation (38.4%; 95% CI: 1.37-1.75). CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to SHS on university campuses is high. Nursing students express low support for strengthening outdoor smoking bans on hospital and university campuses. Interventions aiming to increase their support should be implemented.

[New technologies and nursing. Use and perception of primary health care nurses about electronic health record]. / Enfermería y nuevas tecnologías: historia clínica electrónica.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the nurses make use of electronic health records (EHR) and assess their perception of it. METHOD: A descriptive cross-sectional observational study was conducted in 2010 analyzing the nurses' perceptions of adult and pediatric consultations of primary health care teams in Baix Llobregat (Catalonia) in which the EHR is used. The study variables were: registration of care, continuity of care, training, usability and sociodemographic composition of the sample. The statistical analysis was descriptive. RESULTS: Nurses agree that EHR provides "continuity of care" in relation to nursing care (mean 2.03, Sd.0.83) and overall (mean 2.19, 5d.0.83). Show indifference to the "usability" of the EHR (mean 3.26, Sd.0.5), to facilitate the "record information" (mean 2.69, Sd.0.68) and the need for "training" in the use of EHR (mean 2.6, 5d.0.59). It has been found that with increasing age of the nurse, it shows more agreement that the EHR provides greater continuity of care overall. The average ratings of the continuum of care nurse, recording of information, continuity of care in general are greater the lead time using the EHR. CONCLUSIONS: The nurses' perceptions regarding the EHR are positive in that it provides continuity of care and to exchange information on patient health data.

New technologies and nursing: use and perception of primary healthcare nurses about electronic health record in Catalonia, Spain.

This study was aimed to analyze and assess the use and perception of electronic health records (EHRs) by nurses. The study sample included 113 nurses from different shifts of primary health facilities in Catalonia, Spain, devoted to adult as well as pediatric outpatients using EHRs throughout the year 2010. A majority of the sample (87.5%) were women and 12.5% were men. The average age was 44.27 years and the average time working in primary healthcare was 47.15 months. A majority (80.4%) received specific training on the use of the EHR and 19.6% did not. The use of the application required side technical support (mean: 3.42) and it is considered necessary to learn more about the performance of the application (mean: 3.50). The relationship between the average ratings that nurses have about the EHR and age shows that there is no statistically significant linear relationship (r=-0.002, p-value=0.984). As to how long they have used the EHRs, there are significant differences (r=-0.304, p-value=0.00), so the more time the nurse takes using the EHR, the greater degree of satisfaction is shown. In addition, there are significant differences between nurses' perceptions regarding the EHR and gender (t=-0.421, p-value=0.675). Nurses assessed as positive the contribution of the EHRs in their nursing care day work (average score: 2.55/5). Considering that the usability of the EHR device is assessed as satisfactory, the results of the perception of nurses show that we must also take into account the training and emphasize the need for a side technical support in the implementation process of the EHR. Doing so, the positive perception that nurses have in regard to information and communication technology in general and with respect to the EHR in particular may be increased.

[Telecare, one care vision]. / Telecuidado: una visión asistencial.

Information and communication techniques represent a double challenge for nursery. This techniques provide the chance to improve the patient-sanitary professional relationship, promoting situations where the patient plays an active part in its own therapeutic process, and on the other hand arise the need to be ready for this technologic setting. The incorporation of the information and communication techniques will represent a new approach to the therapeutic relationship, that has to be used to consolidate the role of the nursery in front of the patient. Telecare offers services regarding health promotion, prevention and illness recovery based on information and communication techniques.

Analysis of University Postgraduate Nursing Education in Spain.

BACKGROUND: The nursing education program framework in Spain has recently been adapted and modified. This study aimed to analyze university postgraduate master'slevel nursing education during the past 21 years in Spain in terms of educational supply and demand. METHOD: A retrospective, longitudinal, descriptive, and observational design was used. The educational offerings at 15 university nursing schools in Spain were examined. The target population was 7,871 registered and licensed nurses who had completed postgraduate education. RESULTS: Among the 211 programs offered, public universities' educational offerings focused on two areas-public health and emergency care-whereas most courses in private universities were in surgery. Regarding demand, 1,235 nurses were enrolled. The most frequently requested educational areas were surgery, emergency and urgent care, and public health. CONCLUSION: Although the postgraduate nursing education situation has changed, supply and demand for this type of education in Spain are well balanced at both public and private universities. [J Nurs Educ. 2016;55(11):615-622.].

Enseñanza universitaria de enfermería: de la diplomatura al grado / No disponible

La enseñanza universitaria de la enfermería inició la docencia de los nuevos estudios del grado en enfermería en el curso 2009-2010, como resultado del consenso de la Declaración de Bolonia y con el objetivo de unificar las enseñanzas universitarias europeas. Este cambio ha variado el modelo tradicional de enseñanza basada en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje memorístico; ahora se trata de ‘enseñar a aprender’. El profesor no sólo transmite contenidos, sino que orienta según las necesidades de los alumnos, guiándolos, estimulando el interés y tutorizando su proceso de aprendizaje. En los últimos 150 años, la enfermería ha padecido numerosos cambios legislativos, pero ninguno como el planteado en el marco del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES), con las 40 competencias y habilidades que debe dominar el graduado en enfermería. El EEES también permite a las enfermeras acceder a la formación de máster universitario, lo cual posibilita matricularse en un programa de doctorado y, una vez finalizada y defendida la tesis doctoral, obtener el Grado de Doctor

University has started the new nursing degree in the 2009-2010 result of the consensus of the Bologna Declaration and with the aim of unifying European university education. This shift has turn around the traditional teaching model based on the process of teaching and change learning to ‘how to learn’. The teacher not only gives content geared to the needs of students, guiding, stimulating interest and learning process. In the last 150 years, nursing has undergone many changes in legislation, but none like the one proposed in the framework of the European Higher Education Area (EHEA), with the 40 competencies and skills you must master degree in nursing. The EHEA also allows nurses access into the training Master, which enables them to enroll in a doctoral program, and once completed the doctoral thesis and defended, obtain the Doctor Degree

[Adverse reactions to iodinated contrast media]. / Reacciones adversas a los medios de contraste yodados en radiología.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study is to determine the incidence of adverse reactions to iodinated contrast media and to characterise them in a group of outpatients, inpatients and emergency patients in a private hospital in Barcelona. METHOD: A retrospective cohort study was carried out over a 60 months period, from February 2002 to February 2007, analysing the patients who underwent to iodinated contrast radiological examinations. Adverse reactions were evaluated from the manual record format developed following the requirements of the Quality Assurance Program in Radiology. Study variables were, administration route, contrast media dose, adverse reaction type, and signs and symptoms. Statistical analysis was descriptive. RESULTS: A total of 68 (0.3 %) of adverse reaction were registered of which 64 were mild (94.1%), 4 moderate (5.9%) and none severe. On the basis of the administration route (intravenous or oral) adverse reaction were 67 (94%) and 1 (6%) respectively. With a 40-80ml contrast media dose by injection, mild adverse reactions were 87.5%, moderate 12.5% and severe 0%. With a 90-150ml contrast media dose by injection, mild adverse reaction were 94.9% and moderate 5.1%. CONCLUSIONS: The number of adverse reaction using iodinated contrast media is low and are they are generally mild; however the nurse must be ready to recognise and treat them.

[Nursing care in patients undergoing interventional neuroendovascular procedures]. / Cuidados de enfermería al paciente sometido a técnicas de neurointervencionismo endovascular.

Vascular interventional radiology (VIR) procedures have increased markedly, partly due to the current healthcare context, which encourages the use of less invasive procedures that reduce pressure on surgery departments and decrease hospital stays. In most patients, these techniques can be carried out in a single intervention. VIR procedures are based on the possibility of gaining access to vascular structures through a catheter inserted percutaneously without the need for open surgery. Due to the complexity of these procedures, hospitalization is required before and after the technique is performed but length of stay is short compared with that associated with surgery. As the health workers closest to patients, nurses must respond to their information needs. The provision of comprehensive nursing care should include all the care required before, during and after the procedure and all aspects related to the quality of the healthcare process. Knowledge of how diagnostic and therapeutic VIR techniques are performed in the neurovascular section is essential. Based on the authors' experience, the present article aims to provide nurses with knowledge of some neurointerventional procedures (cerebral angiography and embolization of intracranial aneurysms) and of the care provided in RVI rooms.

Manejo de las extravasaciones de contraste yodado, mediante una intervención térmica. Prueba piloto / Management of iodate contrast extravasations, through a thermal intervention. Pilot test

Objetivo. Analizar la eficacia de la aplicación del calor seco y del frío seco para la resolución de las extravasaciones de contraste yodado administrado mediante una bomba inyectora. Método. Estudio experimental. Se ha realizado una prueba piloto, para de-finir el protocolo de actuación y recogida de datos de un estudio comparativo multicéntrico. Se han evaluado 6 casos de extravasación recogidos en el periodo de marzo a junio de 2017, aplicando de forma aleatoria seco o calor seco como primera intervención. Resultados. En todos los casos se produjo una reacción inflamatoria generalizada de la extremidad afectada pasadas 24h. En los casos tratados con frío seco se pudo delimitar y medir la extravasación tras este intervalo de tiempo, sin embargo en los casos tratados con calor seco como primera intervención no se pudieron definir los contornos pasadas estas 24h. El dolor remitió de forma similar con ambas intervenciones. Conclusiones. La ausencia de con-torno definido y medible de la extravasación pasadas 24h, en las que fueron tratadas con calor seco como primera intervención, puede ser con-secuencia de una mejor absorción y distribución del contraste extravasado comparado con el frío seco. Lo que podría determinar que el calor seco es una intervención térmica positiva para la resolución de éstas ex-travasaciones

Objective. To analyse the efficacy of the application of dry heat and dry cold for the resolution of iodinated contrast extravasations administered by means of an injection pump. Method. Experimental study. A pilot test has been carried out to define the protocol for action and data collection of a comparative multicentre study. We have evaluated six cases of extravasation that occurred during the period of March to June 2017, randomly applying dry cold or dry heat as the first intervention. Results. In all cases, there was a generalized inflammatory reaction of the affected limb after 24h. In the cases treated with dry cold, it was possible to delimit and measure the extravasation after this time interval, however in the cases treated with dry heat as the first intervention, the contours could not be defined after these 24h. Pain returned similarly with both interventions. Conclusions. The absence of a defined and measurable contour of the extravasation after 24h, in which they were treated with dry heat as the first intervention, may be a consequence of a better absorption and distribution of extravasated contrast compared to dry cold. What could determine that dry heat is a positive thermal intervention for the resolution of these extravasations

Formación de los profesionales de la salud en un contexto asistencial con uso de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación / Training health professionals within a healthcare context using information and communication technologies

La enfermera debería incorporar nuevas habilidades en el manejo de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) que faciliten el desarrollo de su profesión. En este proceso se plantean dudas y resistencias que pueden convertirse en barreras para el desarrollo de su labor profesional. Las estrategias para vencer resistencias ante las nuevas formas de trabajar pasan por facilitar una formación correctamente planificada y adaptada a los profesionales que deben enfrentarse a estas nuevas tecnologías. Algunos de los aspectos clave relacionados con la formación de las enfermeras ante nuevas competencias y que pueden contribuir a su desarrollo exitoso en los centros asistenciales son la definición de tácticas claras de formación con identificación de buenas prácticas asistenciales como mecanismo conductor, el apoyo a las enfermeras asistenciales por parte de las gestoras que lideran los equipos asistenciales y la identificación de la predisposición de los usuarios frente a la formación. Lograr el éxito en el uso de las TIC puede residir en la participación activa de las propias enfermeras en el proceso formativo planificado, teniendo en cuenta nuevos enfoques asistenciales por vía telemática, como alternativa al actual modelo asistencial, tradicionalmente presencial (AU)

The nurse should incorporate new skills in the management of information technology and communication (ICT) to facilitate the development of their profession. This process may raise doubts and resistances that can become barriers when developing their work. Thus strategies to overcome resistance to new ways of working undergo training facilitate well planned and tailored to the professionals who must cope with new technologies. Some of the key issues related to the education of nurses related to new skills, are the definition of clear strategies with training support identifying best practices as mechanism driver training, support to practicing nurses by the leaders who lead care teams as well as the identification of the willingness of users from training. Achieving success in the use of ICT in the active participation of nurses themselves planned in the learning process, taking into account new approaches of tele-care, as an alternative of traditional care (AU)

La formación universitaria de las enfermeras en el nuevo contexto asistencial / Nursing university education in a new healthcare setting

La formación universitaria de las enfermeras ha de responder a los retos planteados por la sociedad del siglo XXI. Las condiciones de salud de las personas son de complejidad elevada, con problemas de carácter social asociados. Las facultades de enfermería deben formar a las enfermeras con una visión transformadora mediante la definición de planes de estudio, con enfoque preventivo y de promoción de la salud, en un contexto de salud pública y comunitaria. Las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación, junto con el liderazgo enfermero, son también elementos indispensables de valor para las enfermeras graduadas. Una respuesta innovadora a las necesidades sociales y de transformación de la sociedad requiere un compromiso con la definición de los planes de estudio del grado, pero también con los másteres y con la formación continuada. Enseñar a investigar es la manera de adquirir las competencias necesarias para generar conocimiento que contribuya a garantizar el desarrollo profesional de las enfermeras y colabore a la salud de las personas (AU)

Nursing university education has to respond to the challenges of the 21st century. Health conditions are highly complex with associated social problems. The universities should train nurses with a transforming vision, by defining study plans, preventive intervencioapproach and promoting health, in a context of community health. The information and communication technologies along with the nurse leadership are also essential elements of value for graduated nurses. An innovative response to social needs and transformation of society requires commitment in defining the study plans of degree and also in the master's degree and in the continuing education programs. Investigate is how to acquire the necessary skills to generate knowledge to help ensure the professional development of nurses and contribute to the persons health (AU)