Continuous Temperature Telemonitoring of Patients with COVID-19 and Other Infectious Diseases Treated in Hospital-at-Home: Viture® System Validation.

Body temperature must be monitored in patients receiving Hospital-at-Home (HaH) care for COVID-19 and other infectious diseases. Continuous temperature telemonitoring (CTT) detects fever and patient deterioration early, facilitating decision-making. We performed a validation clinical study assessing the safety, comfort, and impact on healthcare practice of Viture®, a CTT system, compared with a standard digital axillary thermometer in 208 patients with COVID-19 and other infectious diseases treated in HaH at the Navarra University Hospital (HUN). Overall, 3258 pairs of measurements showed a clinical bias of -0.02 °C with limits of agreement of -0.96/+0.92 °C, a 95% acceptance rate, and a mean absolute deviation of 0.36 (SD 0.30) °C. Viture® detected 3 times more febrile episodes and revealed fever in 50% more patients compared with spot measurements. Febrile episodes were detected 7.23 h (mean) earlier and modified the diagnostic and/or therapeutic approach in 43.2% of patients. Viture® was validated for use in a clinical setting and was more effective in detecting febrile episodes than conventional methods.

Evaluation of the first 5 years of a glutaric aciduria type I neonatal screening programme in Asturias.

INTRODUCTION: . Neonatal screening of glutaric aciduria type 1 (GA-1) has brought radical changes in the course and outcomes of this disease. This study analyses the outcomes of the first 5 years (2015-2019) of the AGA1 neonatal screening programme in our autonomous community. MATERIAL: . We conducted an observational, descriptive and retrospective study. All neonates born between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2019 that participated in the neonatal screening programme were included in the study. The glutarylcarnitine (C5DC) concentration in dry blood spot samples was measured by means of tandem mass spectrometry applying a cut-off point of 0.25 µmol/L. RESULTS: . A total of 30 120 newborns underwent screening. We found differences in the C5DC concentration based on gestational age, type of feeding and hours of life at sample collection. These differences were not relevant for screening purposes. There were no differences between neonates with weights smaller and greater than 1500 g. Screening identified 2 affected patients and there were 3 false positives. There were no false negatives. The diagnosis was confirmed by genetic testing. Patients have been in treatment since diagnosis and have not developed encephalopathic crises in the first 4 years of life. CONCLUSIONS: . Screening allowed early diagnosis of two cases of GA-1 in the first 5 years since its introduction in our autonomous community. Although there were differences in C5DC levels based on gestational age, type of feeding and hours of life at blood extraction, they were not relevant for screening.

Nucleosomal DNA has topological memory.

One elusive aspect of the chromosome architecture is how it constrains the DNA topology. Nucleosomes stabilise negative DNA supercoils by restraining a DNA linking number difference (∆Lk) of about -1.26. However, whether this capacity is uniform across the genome is unknown. Here, we calculate the ∆Lk restrained by over 4000 nucleosomes in yeast cells. To achieve this, we insert each nucleosome in a circular minichromosome and perform Topo-seq, a high-throughput procedure to inspect the topology of circular DNA libraries in one gel electrophoresis. We show that nucleosomes inherently restrain distinct ∆Lk values depending on their genomic origin. Nucleosome DNA topologies differ at gene bodies (∆Lk = -1.29), intergenic regions (∆Lk = -1.23), rDNA genes (∆Lk = -1.24) and telomeric regions (∆Lk = -1.07). Nucleosomes near the transcription start and termination sites also exhibit singular DNA topologies. Our findings demonstrate that nucleosome DNA topology is imprinted by its native chromatin context and persists when the nucleosome is relocated.

SEOM-GEINO clinical guidelines for grade 2 gliomas (2023).

The 2021 World Health Organization (WHO) classification has updated the definition of grade 2 gliomas and the presence of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation has been deemed the cornerstone of diagnosis. Though slow-growing and having a low proliferative index, grade 2 gliomas are incurable by surgery and complementary treatments are vital to improving prognosis. This guideline provides recommendations on the multidisciplinary treatment of grade 2 astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas based on the best evidence available.

Effect of Tumor Regression Grade on Survival and Disease-Free Interval in Patients Operated on for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer.

INTRODUCTION: Colorectal cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in both men and women in our population. In this regard, rectal cancer accounts for more than half of colorectal cancer deaths, and its incidence is expected to increase in the coming years. There have been significant changes in neoadjuvant therapy regimens, with promising results, as demonstrated by the recent RAPIDO and PRODIGE23 studies. Around 40% of patients diagnosed with locally advanced rectal cancer show some degree of response to neoadjuvant treatment, with complete tumor regression observed in up to one in five patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective observational study. A total of 181 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery were analyzed. Clinical and pathological data were collected from the patients, including assessment of tumor regression through histopathological studies after surgery. The Mandard tumor regression grading system was used to categorize tumor response into different grades. RESULTS: The results showed a significant association between the degree of tumor regression and several important clinical outcomes. Specifically, patients with higher tumor regression had significantly better disease-free survival than those with less regression (p = 0.004). In addition, tumor regression was also correlated with the incidence of local recurrence (p = 0.018) and distant metastasis (p = 0.032). These associations suggest that tumor responsiveness to neoadjuvant therapy may influence the long-term progression of the disease. Regarding tumor deposits and the presence of lymphadenopathy, these factors were also found to be significantly associated with clinical outcomes. Patients with tumor deposits had a higher incidence of local recurrence (p = 0.025) and distant metastases (p = 0.041), while the presence of lymphadenopathy increased the risk of local recurrence (p = 0.013). These findings highlight the importance of evaluating not only tumor regression but also other pathological markers to predict prognosis and guide clinical management. CONCLUSIONS: The degree of tumor regression was not an independent predictor of survival compared to other variables such as nodal stage and presence of tumor deposits. This indicates that while tumor regression is an important factor, other elements also play a crucial role in determining the prognosis of patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. This study provides additional evidence for the importance of tumor regression, tumor deposits, and lymphadenopathy as predictors of clinical outcomes in patients with rectal cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.

Spontaneous cervical hematoma caused by giant parathyroid adenoma in an elderly patient: A case report.

Spontaneous cervical hematoma usually occurs as a consequence of extracapsular bleeding from a parathyroid gland, generally due to the presence of an adenoma (giant adenoma), glandular hyperplasia, cystic component, or, less frequently, due to the existence of a carcinoma. The hematoma can be confined to the cervical compartment or extend to the mediastinum, potentially causing airway compression. Despite this, the recommended management in hemodynamically stable patients consists of surveillance and hospital monitoring with delayed surgery after a few weeks. On the other hand, in those patients with airway compromise and instability, emergency surgery, consisting of cervicotomy and drainage, is mandatory. The present study describes the case of a 78-year-old patient with a medical history of high blood pressure, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, moderate aortic stenosis, chronic kidney disease and sarcoidosis under pharmacological treatment who attended the emergency department due to symptoms of neck pain, an increase in soft tissue, and dyspnea on moderate exertion with an evolution leading to respiratory failure. This was secondary to a diagnosis of spontaneous cervical hematoma that required urgent surgical intervention. The results of histopathological analysis revealed that a giant parathyroid adenoma was responsible for the bleeding. The patient had a complicated post-operative period with a prolonged admission to the intensive care unit.

Value of the soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor as a predictor of prognosis in patients attended in hospital emergency departments. / Capacidad del biomarcador suPAR para estratificar el pronóstico en pacientes atendidos en servicios de urgencias hospitalarios.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the value of the soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) for predicting outcomes in emergency department (ED) patients. Secondary objectives were 1) to measure the predictive value of the usual decision points, 2) to identify patients at low risk for mortality who could be safely discharged from the ED, and 3) to measure the correlation between suPAR and other biomarkers. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective observational cohort study of patients attended in the EDs of participating hospitals. We recorded sociodemographic variables, comorbidity, variables related to the acute episode, prognostic markers commonly used in EDs, and suPAR concentration. Outcome variables were the need for hospital admission during the index episode, ED revisits within 90 days, and 90-day mortality. RESULTS: A total of 990 patients with a median (interquartile range) age of 68 (53-81 years) were studied; 50.8% were men. The median suPAR concentration was 3.8 (2.8-6.0) ng/mL, and 112 patients (11.31%) required admission. At 90 days there were 276 revisits (27.9% of the cohort), and 47 patients (4.74%) had died. Mortality was lower (1%) in patients with suPAR concentrations less than 4 ng/mL (52.5%), and fewer of these patients revisited (24.4%) or required hospitalization (20.6%) than patients with suPAR concentrations higher than 6 ng/mL (mortality, 13.5%; revisits, 39.6%; admissions, 56.3%). A suPAR concentration over 6 ng/mL was associated with 90-day mortality and revisits (adjusted hazard ratios and 95% CIs of 4.61 [1.68-12.67] and 1.59 [1.13-2.10]), respectively. The high suPAR concentration was also associated with hospital admission (odds ratio, 1.62 [0.99-2.62]). CONCLUSION: A suPAR concentration of less than 4 ng/mL identifies patients at low risk of 90-day mortality and revisits or need for hospitalization, whereas a suPAR concentration higher than 6 ng/mL is associated with higher risk for these outcomes.

OBJETIVO: Determinar la capacidad del receptor soluble del activador del plasminógeno tipo uroquinasa (suPAR) para la estratificación pronóstica en pacientes atendidos en servicios de urgencias hospitalarios (SUH). Los objetivos secundarios son: 1) medir la capacidad de los `puntos de decisión habituales, 2) identificar una población de bajo riesgo de mortalidad que puede darse de alta de forma segura desde el SUH, y 3) medir la correlación entre suPAR y otros biomarcadores. METODO: Estudio observacional de cohortes prospectivo de pacientes atendidos en SUH. Se registraron variables sociodemográficas, de comorbilidad, datos del episodio agudo, biomarcadores de uso común en urgencias y suPAR. Las variables de resultado fueron la necesidad de ingreso en el episodio índice, reconsulta al SUH y mortalidad a los 90 días. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 990 pacientes, la edad fue de 68 (53-81) años, 50,8% eran hombres, la mediana de suPAR fue de 3,8 (2,8-6,0) ng/ml, 112 pacientes (11,31%) requirieron ingreso. En el seguimiento a 90 días hubo 276 reconsultas (27,9%) y 47 pacientes (4,74%) fallecieron. Los pacientes con suPAR 4 ng/ml (52,5%) tenían menor mortalidad (1%), menor reconsulta (24,4%) y menor necesidad de ingreso hospitalario (20,6%), que pacientes con suPAR 6 ng/ml (mortalidad 13,5%, reconsulta 39,6% e ingreso 56,3%). Un suPAR 6 ng/ml mostró una hazard ratio (IC 95%) ajustada de 4,61 (1,68-12,67) para predecir mortalidad a 90 días y de 1,59 (1,13-2,10) para la reconsulta, y una odds ratio de 1,62 (0,99-2,62) para la necesidad de ingreso hospitalario. CONCLUSIONES: Un valor de suPAR 4 ng/ml identifica pacientes con riesgo bajo de mortalidad a 90 días, de reconsulta y de necesidad de ingreso, mientras que los pacientes con suPAR 6 ng/ml tienen mayor mortalidad, reconsulta y necesidad de ingreso.

Single metachronous bone metastasis following rectal adenocarcinoma: A case report.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks as the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality in developed countries. While its incidence in early stages has increased due to screening programs, a significant number of patients experience the development of metastases either at the time of diagnosis or during follow-ups. Unlike certain other types of cancer, such as breast, prostate, or lung cancer, where bone tissue is a common site for secondary dissemination, CRC primarily spreads to the lymph nodes, liver and lungs. The occurrence of bone metastases from CRC is rare and usually coincides with tumor involvement in other locations. Risk factors for bone metastases include the location of the primary tumor, the age of the patients, KRAS mutations and the degree of tumor differentiation. Unlike metastases to the liver and lungs, bone metastases tend to be symptomatic, affecting the patient's quality of life and resulting in a poorer prognosis with shorter survival rates. The approach to patient management needs to be personalized. The present study describes the of a patient who underwent surgery for stage IV rectal adenocarcinoma and later developed a metastasis in the costal wall 79 months post-intervention, with no evidence of recurrence at other sites.

Capacidad del biomarcador suPAR para estratificar el pronóstico en pacientes atendidos en servicios de urgencias hospitalarios / Value of the soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor as a predictor of prognosis in patients attended in hospital emergency departments

Objetivos. Determinar la capacidad del receptor soluble del activador del plasminógeno tipo uroquinasa (suPAR) para la estratificación pronóstica en pacientes atendidos en servicios de urgencias hospitalarios (SUH). Los objetivos secundarios son: 1)medir la capacidad de los puntos de decisión habituales, 2)identificar una población de bajo riesgo de mortalidad que puede darse de alta de forma segura desde el SUH, y 3)medir la correlación entre suPAR y otros biomarcadores. Métodos. Estudio observacional de cohortes prospectivo de pacientes atendidos en SUH. Se registraron variables sociodemográficas, de comorbilidad, datos del episodio agudo, biomarcadores de uso común en urgencias y suPAR. Las variables de resultado fueron la necesidad de ingreso en el episodio índice, reconsulta al SUH y mortalidad a los 90 días. Resultados. Se incluyeron 990 pacientes, la edad fue de 68 (53-81) años, 50,8% eran hombres, la mediana de suPAR fue de 3,8 (2,8-6,0) ng/ml, 112 pacientes (11,31%) requirieron ingreso. En el seguimiento a 90 días hubo 276 reconsultas (27,9%) y 47 pacientes (4,74%) fallecieron. Los pacientes con suPAR<4 ng/ml (52,5%) tenían menor mortalidad (1%), menor reconsulta (24,4%) y menor necesidad de ingreso hospitalario (20,6%), que pacientes con suPAR>6 ng/ml (mortalidad 13,5%, reconsulta 39,6% e ingreso 56,3%). Un suPAR>6 ng/ml mostró una hazard ratio (IC 95%) ajustada de 4,61 (1,68-12,67) para predecir mortalidad a 90 días y de 1,59 (1,13-2,10) para la reconsulta, y una odds ratio de 1,62 (0,99-2,62) para la necesidad de ingreso hospitalario. Conclusiones. Un valor de suPAR < 4 ng/ml identifica pacientes con riesgo bajo de mortalidad a 90 días, de reconsulta y de necesidad de ingreso, mientras que los pacientes con suPAR>6 ng/ml tienen mayor mortalidad, reconsulta y necesidad de ingreso. (AU)

Objectives. To determine the value of the soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) for predicting outcomes in emergency department (ED) patients. Secondary objectives were 1)to measure the predictive value of the usual decision points, 2)to identify patients at low risk for mortality who could be safely discharged from the ED, and 3)to measure the correlation between suPAR and other biomarkers. Methods. Prospective observational cohort study of patients attended in the EDs of participating hospitals. We recorded sociodemographic variables, comorbidity, variables related to the acute episode, prognostic markers commonly used in EDs, and suPAR concentration. Outcome variables were the need for hospital admission during the index episode, ED revisits within 90 days, and 90-day mortality. Results. A total of 990 patients with a median (interquartile range) age of 68 (53-81 years) were studied; 50.8% were men. The median suPAR concentration was 3.8 (2.8-6.0) ng/mL, and 112 patients (11.31%) required admission. At 90 days there were 276 revisits (27.9% of the cohort), and 47 patients (4.74%) had died. Mortality was lower (1%) in patients with suPAR concentrations less than 4 ng/mL (52.5%), and fewer of these patients revisited (24.4%) or required hospitalization (20.6%) than patients with suPAR concentrations higher than 6 ng/mL (mortality, 13.5%; revisits, 39.6%; admissions, 56.3%). A suPAR concentration over 6 ng/mL was associated with 90-day mortality and revisits (adjusted hazard ratios and 95% CIs of 4.61 [1.68-12.67] and 1.59 [1.13-2.10]), respectively. The high suPAR concentration was also associated with hospital admission (odds ratio, 1.62 [0.99-2.62]). Conclusions. A suPAR concentration of less than 4 ng/mL identifies patients at low risk of 90-day mortality and revisits or need for hospitalization, whereas a suPAR concentration higher than 6 ng/mL is associated with higher risk for these outcomes. (AU)

Capacidad del biomarcador suPAR para estratificar el pronóstico en pacientes atendidos en servicios de urgencias hospitalarios / Value of the soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor as a predictor of prognosis in patients attended in hospital emergency departments

Objetivos. Determinar la capacidad del receptor soluble del activador del plasminógeno tipo uroquinasa (suPAR) para la estratificación pronóstica en pacientes atendidos en servicios de urgencias hospitalarios (SUH). Los objetivos secundarios son: 1)medir la capacidad de los puntos de decisión habituales, 2)identificar una población de bajo riesgo de mortalidad que puede darse de alta de forma segura desde el SUH, y 3)medir la correlación entre suPAR y otros biomarcadores. Métodos. Estudio observacional de cohortes prospectivo de pacientes atendidos en SUH. Se registraron variables sociodemográficas, de comorbilidad, datos del episodio agudo, biomarcadores de uso común en urgencias y suPAR. Las variables de resultado fueron la necesidad de ingreso en el episodio índice, reconsulta al SUH y mortalidad a los 90 días. Resultados. Se incluyeron 990 pacientes, la edad fue de 68 (53-81) años, 50,8% eran hombres, la mediana de suPAR fue de 3,8 (2,8-6,0) ng/ml, 112 pacientes (11,31%) requirieron ingreso. En el seguimiento a 90 días hubo 276 reconsultas (27,9%) y 47 pacientes (4,74%) fallecieron. Los pacientes con suPAR<4 ng/ml (52,5%) tenían menor mortalidad (1%), menor reconsulta (24,4%) y menor necesidad de ingreso hospitalario (20,6%), que pacientes con suPAR>6 ng/ml (mortalidad 13,5%, reconsulta 39,6% e ingreso 56,3%). Un suPAR>6 ng/ml mostró una hazard ratio (IC 95%) ajustada de 4,61 (1,68-12,67) para predecir mortalidad a 90 días y de 1,59 (1,13-2,10) para la reconsulta, y una odds ratio de 1,62 (0,99-2,62) para la necesidad de ingreso hospitalario. Conclusiones. Un valor de suPAR < 4 ng/ml identifica pacientes con riesgo bajo de mortalidad a 90 días, de reconsulta y de necesidad de ingreso, mientras que los pacientes con suPAR>6 ng/ml tienen mayor mortalidad, reconsulta y necesidad de ingreso. (AU)

Objectives. To determine the value of the soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) for predicting outcomes in emergency department (ED) patients. Secondary objectives were 1)to measure the predictive value of the usual decision points, 2)to identify patients at low risk for mortality who could be safely discharged from the ED, and 3)to measure the correlation between suPAR and other biomarkers. Methods. Prospective observational cohort study of patients attended in the EDs of participating hospitals. We recorded sociodemographic variables, comorbidity, variables related to the acute episode, prognostic markers commonly used in EDs, and suPAR concentration. Outcome variables were the need for hospital admission during the index episode, ED revisits within 90 days, and 90-day mortality. Results. A total of 990 patients with a median (interquartile range) age of 68 (53-81 years) were studied; 50.8% were men. The median suPAR concentration was 3.8 (2.8-6.0) ng/mL, and 112 patients (11.31%) required admission. At 90 days there were 276 revisits (27.9% of the cohort), and 47 patients (4.74%) had died. Mortality was lower (1%) in patients with suPAR concentrations less than 4 ng/mL (52.5%), and fewer of these patients revisited (24.4%) or required hospitalization (20.6%) than patients with suPAR concentrations higher than 6 ng/mL (mortality, 13.5%; revisits, 39.6%; admissions, 56.3%). A suPAR concentration over 6 ng/mL was associated with 90-day mortality and revisits (adjusted hazard ratios and 95% CIs of 4.61 [1.68-12.67] and 1.59 [1.13-2.10]), respectively. The high suPAR concentration was also associated with hospital admission (odds ratio, 1.62 [0.99-2.62]). Conclusions. A suPAR concentration of less than 4 ng/mL identifies patients at low risk of 90-day mortality and revisits or need for hospitalization, whereas a suPAR concentration higher than 6 ng/mL is associated with higher risk for these outcomes. (AU)

Carcinoma primario intraóseo de mandíbula. Presentación de un caso clínico y revisión de la literatura / Intraosseous carcinoma of the mandible: a case report and review of the literature

El carcinoma primario intraóseo se describe como una neoplasia maligna que aparece únicamente en los huesos maxilares, pues deriva de los remanentes epiteliales odontogénicos. Es un tumor de muy baja incidencia que requiere el cumplimiento de unos criterios clínicos, radiológicos y anatomopatológicos para su diagnóstico. Las manifestaciones clínicas son inespecíficas, predominantemente dolor y tumefacción, por lo que suele diagnosticarse en estadio avanzado, y requiere un tratamiento radical, incluyendo cirugía y radioterapia. Presentamos el caso de un varón de 66 años con diagnóstico de carcinoma primario intraóseo de cuarto cuadrante, atendido en el Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, las pruebas complementarias realizadas y el tratamiento recibido incluyendo la reconstrucción primaria con un colgajo osteomiocutáneo libre microvascularizado de peroné. (AU)

Primary intraosseous carcinoma is described as a malignant neoplasm that appears only in the maxillary bones, since it derives from odontogenic epitelial remnants. It is rare, and requires compliance with clinical, radiological and pathological criteria for its diagnosis. The clinical manifestations are non-specific, predominantly pain and swelling, which is why it is usually diagnosed in an advanced stage, and requires radical treatment including surgery and radiotherapy. A case of a 66 year old man diagnosed and treated of a primary intraosseous carcinoma of lower right quadrant at Ramon y Cajal Univeristy Hospital is reported. The complementary test performed and the treatment received, including inmediate reconstruction with a free osteocutaneous fibula flap are presented. (AU)

TSH neonatal como marcador del estado de nutrición de yodo. Influencia de la yoduria y la función tiroidea maternas sobre la TSH neonatal / Neonatal TSH as a marker of iodine nutrition status. Effect of maternal ioduria and thyroid function on neonatal TSH

Introducción: La TSH neonatal (TSHn) es un marcador de nutrición de yodo en la población. La OMS relaciona una prevalencia<3% de TSHn>5mUI/L, obtenida a partir de las 72h del nacimiento, con un adecuado estado nutricional de yodo. El objetivo de este estudio es conocer la prevalencia de TSHn>5mUI/L en una población yodosuficiente y su relación con factores maternos, neonatales y obstétricos. Materiales y métodos: Se reclutaron 243 gestantes entre mayo-junio de 2017 en nuestra área sanitaria. Se realizó un cuestionario sobre consumo de yodo y determinación de yoduria, función y autoinmunidad tiroideas en el primer trimestre de gestación. Se analizó la TSHn entre 48-72h del nacimiento, así como otros factores obstétricos y neonatales. Resultados: La TSHn media fue 2,43±1,68mUI/L, con un 7,8% de neonatos con TSHn>5mUI/L. La TSHn más elevada pertenecía a los neonatos de madres con yodurias insuficientes (p=0,021) o con TSH>2,5mUI/L, tanto en autoinmunidad tiroidea negativa (p=0,049) como positiva (p=0,006). La yoduria materna<150μg/L fue un factor de riesgo de TSHn>5mUI/L (3,70 [1,06-14,60], p=0,046), mientras que el peso neonatal ≥2500g fue un factor protector (0,14 [0,02-1,00], p=0,038). Conclusiones: La prevalencia de TSHn>5mUI/L en nuestra área sanitaria fue elevada, según las recomendaciones de la OMS. Se asoció el déficit de yodo materno con mayor riesgo de TSHn>5mUI/L. Dado que en la actualidad la determinación de la TSHn se realiza antes de las 72h del nacimiento, precisamos de nuevos puntos de corte para continuar empleando la TSHn como marcador de nutrición de yodo. (AU)

Introduction: Neonatal thyroid stimulating hormone (nTSH) is a marker of iodine nutrition status in the population. The WHO considers a prevalence of less than 3% of nTSH levels greater than 5mIU/L in samples obtained within 72h from birth indicative of iodine sufficiency. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of nTSH levels greater than 5mIU/L in an iodine-sufficient population and its association with maternal, neonatal and obstetric factors. Materials and methods: A total of 243 pregnant women were recruited between May and June 2017 in our health area. A questionnaire of iodine intake was administered, in addition to determination of ioduria, thyroid function and autoimmunity in the first trimester of gestation. We analysed nTSH levels in samples collected between 48 and 72h post birth and other obstetric and neonatal factors. Results: The mean nTSH level (standard deviation) was 2.43 (1.68mIU/L), with 7.8% of neonates having levels greater than 5mIU/L. The highest nTSH levels corresponded to neonates of mothers with insufficient ioduria (p=.021) or TSH levels greater than 2.5mIU/L, in both the case of negative (p=0.049) and positive (p=0.006) thyroid autoimmunity results. Maternal ioduria greater than 150μg/L was a risk factor for nTSH levels greater than 5mIU/L (3.70 [1.06–14.60]; p=0.046), while a neonatal weight of 2500g or greater was a protective factor (0.14 [0.02–1.00]; p=0.038). Conclusions: The prevalence of nTSH levels greater than 5mIU/L in our health area was high based on the WHO recommendations. Maternal iodine deficiency was associated with a higher risk of nTSH levels less than 5mIU/L. Given that nTSH is currently measured before 72h post birth, we need new cut-off points to keep on using nTSH as a marker of iodine nutritional status. (AU)

Utilidad de los marcadores bioquímicos de preeclampsia / Usefulness of the biochemical markers of pre-eclampsia

La preeclampsia (PE) constituye una de las principales causas de mortalidad materna y perinatal en el mundo. En los países desarrollados, los estudios apuntan a un importante aumento de la incidencia de PE en la última década, en parte, por el aumento de la prevalencia, en la población general, de enfermedades que afectan a la función vascular, como la diabetes, la hipertensión crónica o la enfermedad renal. En el presente documento se lleva cabo una revisión actualizada de la PE. Se describen los criterios diagnósticos y la fisiopatología de la enfermedad. El objetivo principal del documento es revisar los nuevos marcadores bioquímicos que pueden ser de utilidad en la práctica clínica para la predicción y el diagnóstico de la PE, así como los distintos métodos mediante los cuales se puede llevar a cabo su determinación

Pre-eclampsia (PE) is one of the leading causes of maternal and perinatal mortality in the world. In developed countries, studies point to a significant increase in the incidence of PE in the last decade, partly due to the increase in the prevalence in the general population of diseases that affect vascular function, such as diabetes. chronic hypertension, or kidney disease. An updated review of PE is presented in this article. The diagnostic criteria and the pathophysiology of the disease are described. The main objective of the document is to review the new biochemical markers that may be useful in clinical practice for the prediction and diagnosis of PE, as well as the different methods by which yey can be determined

Valor en urgencias de una determinación positiva de troponina: ¿cómo la debemos interpretar? / Troponin testing in the emergency department: How should we take elevated troponin levels into consideration?

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Tumores del estroma gastrointestinal: Análisis de 40 casos / Gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Analysis of 40 cases

Los tumores del estroma gastrointestinal representan menos del 3% de los tumores digestivos. Se localizan principalmente en el estómago y el intestino delgado. El tratamiento radical es la resección quirúrgica. Cuando son inoperables o diseminados la administración de imatinib es el tratamiento de elección. La finalidad de este estudio retrospectivo fue describir las características de los pacientes con tumores del estroma gastrointestinal atendidos en nuestra institución en el período 2000-2015. Fueron analizados los casos de 40 pacientes consecutivos con diagnóstico de tumor del estroma gastrointestinal (edad media 58 años, rango 33-84). La supervivencia media a 5 años del total de pacientes fue 30.5%. Al diagnóstico, 30 (75%) tenían enfermedad localizada; de estos, 14 recibieron imatinib adyuvante y 15 seguimiento en observación. En este grupo, el intervalo libre de enfermedad fue 55 meses. En aquellos con enfermedad diseminada, el intervalo libre de progresión fue 30 meses.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors represent less than 3% of all digestive tumors. They are primarily located in the stomach and the small intestine. The curative treatment is surgical resection. In the case of unresectable tumor or advanced disease, imatinib is the treatment of choice. The purpose of this retrospective study was to describe the characteristics of patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors treated at our institution in the period 2000-2015. We analyzed 40 consecutive patients diagnosed with gastrointestinal stromal tumor (mean age 58-year old, range 33-84). The mean 5-year survival was 30.5%. At diagnosis, 30 patients had localized disease (75%); 14 of them received adjuvant imatinib and 15 follow-up on observation. In this group the disease-free interval was 55 months. In patients with advanced disease, the progression-free interval was 30 months.

Metastasis of Uveal Melanoma in Bladder: Presentation of Two Cases and Review of the Literature

Objective: Secondary urinary bladder tumors account for 2% of neoplasms in this location. Melanoma is the neoplasm that mostfrequently produces distant metastases in the bladder. Despite its low prevalence, it should be a possible diagnosis to considerfacing urological symptoms, due to the existence of targeted therapies. Method: We present two cases of uveal melanoma metastasis in the bladder, their characteristics, and a review of the literature. Result: In this paper we present the histological characteristics and complementary techniques for the diagnosis of bladder metastases of melanoma and propose their inclusion among the possible differential diagnoses for bladder neoplasms. Conclusions: Given that there are currently targeted therapies against melanoma, the relevance of their inclusion in the differential diagnosis of bladder tumors stands out. (AU)

Objetivo: La vejiga urinaria no es un órgano frecuente de metastasis a distancia. Sin embargo, se puedever afectada secundariamente en un 2% de todas las neoplasias. Dicha afectación se produce habitualmente por extensión local de otros tumores, aunque, ciertas neoplasias pueden producir metástasis a distancia en la vejiga, como es el caso del melanoma. A pesar de esta baja prevalencia, los antecedentes personales del paciente deben ser tenido sen cuenta en el diagnóstico de la neoplasia vesical. Método: Se presentan dos casos de metástasis de melanoma uveal en vejiga, sus características y una revisiónde la literatura.Resultado: En este trabajo se exponen las características histológicas y las técnicas complementarias para el diagnóstico de las metástasis de melanoma y se resalta su importancia en el diagnóstico de las neoplasias vesicales. Conclusiones: Dado que actualmente existen terapiasdirigidas frente al melanoma, se destaca la relevancia de suinclusión en el diagnóstico diferencial de los tumores de lavejiga. (AU)

Rápido aumento de la resistencia a cefalosporinas de 3a generación, imipenem y de la corresistencia en 7.140 aislados de Klebsiella pneumoniae en hemocultivos (2010-2014) según datos de EARS-Net en España / Rapid increase in resistance to third generation cephalosporins, imipenem and co-resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae from isolated from 7,140 blood-cultures (2010-2014) using EARS-Net data in Spain

Introducción: Se analizó la evolución de la resistencia a cefalosporinas de 3.a generación, imipenem y otros antibióticos en aislamientos invasivos de Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) según resultados de EARS-Net entre 2010 y 2014 en España. Métodos: Participaron 42 hospitales de 16 Comunidades Autónomas, con una cobertura poblacional aproximada del 33%. Resultados: Se aislaron 7.140 cepas de K. pneumoniae de un mismo número de pacientes. Las resistencias globales (I+R) fueron: cefotaxima 15,8%, ceftazidima 13,7%, imipenem 1,7%, ciprofloxacina 20,1%, tobramicina 14,1%, gentamicina 10,4% y amikacina 1,9%. La resistencia a cefalosporinas de 3.a generación aumentó desde el 9,8% (2010) al 19% (2014); la de ciprofloxacina desde el 15,4% (2010) al 19,6% (2014); la de gentamicina desde el 6,2% (2010) al 10,3% (2014) y la de tobramicina desde el 7,1% (2010) al 14,2% (2014) (p< 0,001 en todos los casos). Las cepas resistentes a la vez a cefalosporinas de 3.a generación, ciprofloxacina y aminoglucósidos aumentaron desde el 3,3% (2010) al 9,7% (2014) (p<0,001). La resistencia a imipenem aumentó desde el 0,27% (2010) al 3,46% (2014) (p< 0,001); 121 aislados fueron resistentes a imipenem, de los cuales 104 (86%) produjeron carbapenemasas: 74 OXA-48, 14 VIM, 9 KPC (6 KPC-2 y 3 KPC-3), 6 IMP y 1 GES. Conclusiones: En un periodo de 5 años (2010-2014), la resistencia a cefalosporinas de 3.a generación en K. pneumoniae invasivas en España se ha duplicado; la resistencia combinada a cefalosporinas de 3.a generación, ciprofloxacina y aminoglucósidos se ha triplicado; la resistencia a imipenem ha aumentado casi 13 veces, principalmente por la diseminación de aislados productores de carbapenemasas (AU)

Introduction: An analysis was made about the evolution of resistance to 3rd generation cephalosporins, imipenem, and other antibiotics in invasive isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae)according to the Spanish EARS-Net database (2010-2014). Methods: Forty-two hospitals from 16 Autonomous Communities with an approximate population coverage of 33% participated. Results: A total 7,140 pneumoniae corresponding to the same number of patients were studied. Overall resistance percentages (I+R) were: cefotaxime 15.8%, ceftazidime 13.7%, imipenem 1.7%, ciprofloxacin 20.1%, tobramycin 14.1%, gentamicin 10.4%, and amikacin 1.9%. Resistance to 3rd generation cephalosporins increased from 9.8% (2010) to 19% (2014); to ciprofloxacin from 15.4% (2010) to 19.6% (2014); to gentamicin from 6.2% (2010) to 10.3% (2014) and to tobramycin from 7.1% (2010) to 14.2% (2014) (p<.001 in all cases). Combined resistance to 3rd generation cephalosporins, ciprofloxacin, and aminoglycosides increased from 3.3% (2010) to 9.7% (2014) (p<.001). Resistance to imipenem also increased from 0.27% (2010) to 3.46% (2014) (p<.001). A total of 121 isolates were resistant to imipenem, of which 104 (86%) produced carbapenemases: 74 OXA-48, 14 VIM, 9 KPC (6 KPC-2 and 3 KPC-3), 6 IMP, and 1 GES. Conclusions: Over the 5 year period (2010-2014), resistance to 3rd generation cephalosporins in invasive K. pneumoniae in Spain has doubled. The combined resistance to 3rd generation cephalosporins, ciprofloxacin, and aminoglycosides has tripled, and imipenem resistance has increased almost 13 times, mostly due to the spread of carbapenemase-producing isolates (AU)

Enriquecimiento-mejora en la eficacia de la realización de la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa de patógenos en alimentos / Enrichment-improvement in the effectiveness of the implementation of the polymerase chain reaction of pathogens in food

Objetivo. Mejorar la eficacia de los ensayos cualitativos por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) de patógenos en alimentos. Al realizar un enriquecimiento consistente en hacer una dilución inferior a la 1/10 se pretende adelantar en tiempo, reducir el gasto de medios, se procura posibilitar el completar hasta el 100% las muestras a realizar en una PCR y no disminuir la carga celular diana del alimento. Métodos. Investigación de la presencia o ausencia de una bacteria patógena en un alimento y su concentración por mililitro de disolución, siguiendo el método tradicional a distintas diluciones, en dos matrices. Resultados. Los resultados obtenidos en el experimento con un patógeno en alimentos, evidencia que con diluciones inferiores a 1/10, la concentración bacteriana para un mínimo de horas de incubación adelanta la detección por PCR del ácido desoxirribonucleico (ADN) diana, con valores de ufc/ml por encima de 1x103 . Por tanto el tiempo de incubación en un caldo de enriquecimiento se acorta, así como los volúmenes de las disoluciones a incubar. Y de este modo solo es necesario un operario y una estufa de incubación para realizar todas las tareas. Conclusiones. Mayor eficacia al necesitarse menos medios materiales y horas de trabajo. Realización de mayor número de muestras en una misma jornada de trabajo (se posibilita realizar el total de muestras que admite el termociclador por cada puesta en funcionamiento), se acorta el tiempo de análisis en siete horas como mínimo

Objective. Improve the effectiveness of the tests by qualitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of pathogens in food. When performing a enrichment consists in making a lower dilution to the 1/10 is intends to bring forward in time, reduce the cost of media, it seeks to enable the complete up to 100% of the samples to perform in a PCR and does not decrease the load cell Diana of the food. Methods. Investigation of the presence or absence of a pathogenic bacterium in food and its concentration per millilitre of dissolution, following the traditional method in different dilutions, in two different types of food. Results. The results obtained in the experiment with a pathogen in food, evidence that using dilutions lower than 1/10, the bacterial concentration for a minimum number of hours of incubation anticipates the detection by PCR of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) target, with values of cfu/ml above 1x103 . Therefore the incubation time in an enrichment broth and the volumes of the solutions are reduced. And it is only needed one operator and one incubator for all tasks. Conclusions. The efficacy increases because are needed less material and working hours. Testing more samples in the same working day (makes possible to perform all samples that supports the thermal cycler for each start-up) the analysis time decreases in seven hours at least

Rotura distal del tendón de la porción larga del bíceps braquial. ¿Por qué está aumentado su incidencia? ¿Cuándo se debe reparar? / Rupture of the distal biceps tendon. Why is increasing its incidence? When it should be repaired?

Introducción y objetivos: La rotura del tendón distal del bíceps braquial es poco frecuente y representa sólo el 3% de todas las roturas de este tendón, aunque en la última década ha aumentado hasta un 10%. Son características en varones de edad media con predominio del brazo dominante. Se asocian factores de riesgo locales (alta demanda funcional) y sistémicos (tabaco, dislipemia, corticoides, anabolizantes, obesidad). Nuestro objetivo es analizar los factores de riesgos asociados a esta patología y evaluar los resultados tras la reparación quirúrgica de dicho tendón. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de 13 pacientes diagnosticados de rotura de bíceps distal en nuestro servicio desde mayo de 2012 hasta enero de 2014. Todos fueron tratados quirúrgicamente con reinserción anatómica con vía única (69,23% con técnica Endobutton y 30,77% con reanclaje mediante arpones. Se ha valorado los posibles factores de riego, movilidad articular, complicaciones precoces y tardías y satisfacción del paciente (escala de Karunakar). Su seguimiento clínico ha sido de al menos 6 meses. Resultados: Todos fueron varones con edad media de 42,69 años en brazo dominante en el 92,3%. El 76,92% realizaban deportes para ejercitar el bíceps y el 53,84% tomaba medicación por dislipemia. El resultado obtenido tras el tratamiento fue excelente estando satisfechos la totalidad de los pacientes Conclusiones y discusión: Los factores de riesgo conocidos hasta la fecha son el tabaco, dislipemia, corticoides, anabolizantes y obesidad que no justifican el aumento de la incidencia actual. La práctica deportiva habitual que implique tonificar y muscular el músculo braquial en pacientes con factores de riesgo aumenta la probabilidad de rotura del tendón distal de bíceps y su reinserción anatómica por vía anterior es una correcta opción terapéutica

Introduction and objectives: The breaking of the distal biceps tendon is rare and represents only 3% of all breakings of this tendon. However, for the last decade this percentage has increased up to 10%. They are characteristic of middle-aged men with a predominance of the dominant arm. Local risk factor (high functional demand) and systemic ones (smoking, dyslipidemia, steroids, analogies, obesity) are associated with this pathology. Our goal is to analyze the risk factors which are associated with this condition and evaluate the results after surgical repair of the tendon. Materials and methods: Retrospective study of 13 patients diagnosed with distal biceps tendon breaking in our hospital from May 2012 to January 2014. All patients were treated surgically with anatomic reattachment single trak (69,23 % with Endobutton’s technique and 30,77 % remembering using harpoons). There have been assessed factors such us potential risk factors, joint mobility, early and late complications and the patient’s degree of satisfaction (scale Karunakar). Their clinical follow-up was carried out for at least 6 months after the surgery. Result: All patients were male, with an average age of 42,69 years, the 92,3 % were in the dominant arm, 76,92 % of the patients usually exercised the biceps while training and 53,84 % were taking medication for dyslipidemia. The results obtained after the treatment were excellent, shawing that all patients were satisfied with it. Conclusion: The risk factors that are known so far such us smoking, dyslipidemia, steroids, anabolics and obesity do not justify the increase in the currents incidence rate. Regular exercise involving the biceps brachial muscle in patients with risk factors increases the probability of breaking the distal biceps tendon and anatomic reattachment anterior approach is a correct treatment option

Control de presiones venosa y arterial para evitar la disfunción del acceso vascular y su influencia en la dosis de diálisis / Venous and arterial pressure control to avoid vascular access dysfunction and his influence in the dyalisis dose

Introducción: Las guías clínicas del acceso vascular, recomiendan el seguimiento y monitorización de la fistula arteriovenosa y recientes estudios el mantenimiento de la presión venosa y presión arterial dentro de unos límites seguros. Objetivo: Analizar las pautas de monitorización de diálisis en nuestros pacientes y ajustarlas para conseguir presiones dinámicas seguras. Valorar como afecta a la dosis de diálisis y realizar las modificaciones necesarias para recuperar esta de forma individualizada. Material y métodos: Se recogen datos de 29 pacientes, en tres periodos de tiempo de 15 sesiones; Periodo 0: pauta de diálisis habitual; Periodo 1: Flujo de bomba protector no modificable; Periodo 2: Flujo de bomba según presiones diarias y se modifica la pauta de diálisis. Se analizan las variables; flujo de bomba, presiones venosa, arterial y dosis de diálisis medido a través del Kt. Resultados: En el periodo 0, el 83% de los pacientes presenta una presión venosa >160 mm Hg y 21% presión arterial < -200 mm Hg. En el periodo 1, tras la intervención sobre el flujo, 20% de pacientes tiene presión venosa > de 160 mm Hg y 3,4% arterial < -200 mm Hg. En el periodo 3 el 100% pacientes están con presiones seguras. En relación a Kt: periodo 0 media de 49l, periodo 1 media 46,8l y se recupera periodo 2 a 50,65l (p<0,001). Para ello en el periodo 2 se realizaron 21 intervenciones a 18 pacientes de forma individualizada. Conclusión: Se puede dializar siguiendo las últimas recomendaciones de límites de presiones dinámicas manteniendo la dosis de diálisis y actuando sobre otros parámetros de la pauta de manera individualizada (AU)

Introduction: Clinical guidelines vascular access, recommend tracking and monitoring arteriovenous fistula and recent studies maintaining maintaining venous and arterial pressure in safe limits. Objective: To analyse dialysis monitoring patterns in our patients and to adjust them in order to get safe dynamic pressures. To value the influence in the dialysis dose and to carry out the required changes to restore it in an individualized way. Materials and methods: Dates of three periods in 29 patients has been taken in. Period zero: Usual dialysis pattern: Period one: Protective blood flow not changeable. Period two: Blood flow according to diary pressure and modified dialysis pattern. The variables analyzed are; blood flow, venous and arterial pressure, dialysis dose according to the Kt. Results: In period zero, 83% of the patients present a venous pressure >160 mm Hg and the 21% an arterial pressure < -200 mm Hg. In period one after the action above the flow 20% of the patients has a venous pressure > de 160 mm Hg and 3.4% an arterial pressure < -200 mm Hg. In period three, the 100% of the patients have safe pressures. In relation with the Kt, it was mean of 49l in the period zero, 46,8l in the period one and it regain in the period two to 50,65l (p<0,001). For that in the period two, 21 individualized interventions in 18 patients were performed. Conclusions: It is possible to dialyze according to the last guidelines in dynamic pressure limits, keeping the dialysis dose and acting in others parameters of the individualized pattern (AU)