Fighting for inclusion across borders: Latin American Trans women's health in Canada.

Background: Worldwide, Trans women from Latin America experience some of the highest rates of violence, which has led many to emigrate. There is limited research exploring the experiences of Trans migrants, and most LGBTQI2S + migrant research focuses on immigrant gay men. This study uses the frameworks of Intersectionality and the Social Determinants of Health (SDoH) to examine the impact of migration on the health and wellbeing of Latin American Trans women living in Toronto, Canada. Methodology: This qualitative arts-based study included nine participants and used hand mapping, a sociodemographic questionnaire, and focus groups to generate data. Data analysis encompassed inductive and deductive approaches and rigor was maintained through reflexivity and several verification strategies. Results: While migration was used as a safety strategy, participants' multiple identities as immigrants, Trans women, and Latinas, produced compounded experiences of oppression post-migration. Facing transphobia and xenophobia simultaneously, participants were forced to navigate precarious housing and employment, minimal social capital, and low social position. This limited their ability to exercise power and ultimately caused poor health and wellbeing post-migration; however, participants used sophisticated strategies to resist asymmetrical power relations, actively searching for safety and community participation, and caring for themselves and each other. Conclusion: The participants fought for inclusion across borders of economic exclusion and gender identity, borders of power and social position, as well as geopolitical borders. Their intersectional experiences across these "borders" should be understood in the context of migration without liberation, consumption without income, compounding oppressions, as well as positive intersectionality. While the women's resistance and strength are positive by-products of fighting oppression, they cannot be the solution. Access to health and wellbeing should not be a privilege for some; it must be a right for all.

[An information survey on the automatic operation of intensive therapy units in Italy]. / Indagine conoscitiva sulla gestione automatica delle sale di terapia intensiva in Italia.

A fact finding study was carried out in 58 resuscitation centres and 78 intensive care units to evaluate the current application of computerised techniques in the monitoring and processing of various parameters relating to hospitalised patients. The enquiry revealed a marked interest in the use of computerised systems, particularly in the electrophysiological and haemodynamic field. Promising results were reported from some centres. Some adverse criticisms and points of discussion still exist. International and national experiences matured so far, however, while primarily directed towards scientific research and technological development, open up significant perspectives for the future, for the rational handling of the data collected, and the extension of current knowledge on matters of physiopathology, electrophysiology, and pharmacokinetics.

[Perception of social support given by health professionals according to the participants in a prenatal prevention program who live in extreme poverty]. / Le soutien social de l'intervenante tel que perçu par les participantes d'un programme de prévention en périnatalité en milieu d'extrême pauvreté.

One of the essential elements of the "Programme intégré de prévention en périnatalité--Naître-égaux-Grandir-en-san t" (Born Equal--Brought up Healthy) is to have a health professional offering general support to pregnant women living in poverty. This research is based on a secondary analysis of the transcriptions of interviews done in order to implement the program. The thematic content analysis was employed to analyze the women's perception of the support provided by the health professional, the relationship between client-professional, and the perceptions of these women about the impact that the social support had on their pregnancy experience. The categories of support that emerged from the analysis are: information support, emotional support, instrumental support, changing life style support, recreational support, and availability of support. The categories of impact perceived by the participants are: learning, changes in life style, to be in a good mood, and the use of community resources. A key element in the perception of support by the participants is the establishment of a relationship of trust between professional and client. This relationship of trust is important to the development of intimacy and to foster the perception of a more intense kind of support. Hence social support and the relationship of trust work in synergy and reinforce each other.

[The reality of the education of the nurses' aide and technician in Rio Grande do Sul and the performance of the Education Commission of the Brazilian Nursing Association--the Rio Grande do Sul Section]. / A realidade da formação do auxiliar e do técnico de enfermagem do RS e A atuação da Comissão de Educação da Associação Brasileira de Enfermagem--Seção RS.

This study describes the work developed by nurses of the Brasilian Nursing Association/Rio Grande do Sul in 1989. They surveyed about special training courses to nurse's aides, aiming at licensed practical nurses. The authors present a historic report as well as the present situation of the courses in Rio Grande do Sul, emphasizing the number of students who complete the course each year and the number of nurse's aides who must attend a course until 1996.

Foucault and nursing: a history of the present.

While a commitment to the development of nursing theory has been a significant force in nursing scholarship, particularly in the US, the authors have noted a recent trend among nurses in different countries to develop Foucauldian interpretations of nursing. The objective of this paper is to identify those publications by nurses that employ a Foucauldian perspective and to provide a useful summative review of these works to date, which illustrate the potential contribution of a Foucauldian reading of nursing. The authors have reviewed 27 publications written by nurses which present a Foucauldian analysis. These publications were issued between 1987 and 1998 in English, Portuguese and German. The most frequent concepts treated in the literature reviewed are power/knowledge, surveillance, discourse, discipline, resistance, docile bodies, clinical gaze, and panopticon. The literature reviewed illustrates that Foucault's concepts can have a profound impact on the way we conceive of nursing as a discipline and as a profession. Nursing care becomes a political event, nursing knowledge contributes to the dissemination of regimes of truth, and nurses, rather than being powerless, are perceived as professionals who exercise power over life in society. A Foucauldian reading of nursing enables nurses to move into a broader interdisciplinary and critical scholarship.