The effects of vitamin C on respiratory, allergic and immunological diseases: an experimental and clinical-based review.

Vitamin C is used in modern medicine supplements for treatment of various disorders associated with oxidative stress, inflammation and immune dysregulation. In this review article, experimental and clinical results regarding the effects of vitamin C on respiratory immunologic, and allergic diseases are reviewed. Various databases and appropriate keywords are used to search the effect of vitamin C on respiratory diseases until the end of May 2022. Books, theses and articles were included. These studies assessed the effects of vitamin C on respiratory disorders including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung infection and lung cancer. Vitamin C showed relaxant effect on tracheal smooth muscle via various mechanisms. The preventive effects of vitamin C were mediated by antioxidant, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory mechanisms in the experimental animal models of different respiratory diseases. Some clinical studies also indicated the effect of vitamin C on lung cancer and lung infections. Therefore, vitamin C could be used a preventive and/or relieving therapy in respiratory diseases.

Neuroprotective Potency of Safranal Against Neurological Disorders.

A great number of research has been focused on plants as a source of medicine against many diseases to overcome the many side effects of chemical drugs. Safranal, one of the main constituents of saffron [Crocus sativus], has a broad spectrum of pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiapoptotic effects. The present review elaborates on the current understanding of the neuroprotective effects of safranal. According to data published so far, safranal has the potential to exert neuroprotective effects in neurological disorders such as epilepsy, stroke, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson, and Alzheimer's disease. Safranal could be considered a promising therapeutic agent in the future, although there is a great need for clinical trial studies.