Abdominal Decompression after Cardiac Surgery: Outcome of 42 Patients with Abdominal Compartment Syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Up to 50% of patients in intensive care units develop intraabdominal hypertension (IAH) in the course of medical treatment. If not detected on time and treated adequately, IAH may develop into an abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) which is associated with a high mortality rate. Patients undergoing cardiac surgery are especially prone to develop ACS due to several risk factors including intraoperative hypothermia, fluid resuscitation and acidosis. We investigated patients who developed ACS after cardiac surgery and analyzed potential risk factors, treatment and outcome. METHODS: From 2011 to 2016, patients with ACS after cardiac surgery requiring decompressive laparotomy were prospectively recorded. Patient characteristics, details on the cardiac surgery, mortality rate and type of treatment of the open abdomen were analyzed. RESULTS: Incidence of ACS in cardiac surgery patients was 1.0% (n = 42/4128), with a mortality rate of 57%. Ejection fraction, Euroscore2 as well as the perfusion time are independent risk factors for the development of ACS. The outcome of patients with ACS was independent of elective versus emergency surgery, gender, age, BMI or ASA score. In the 18 surviving patients, fascial closure was achieved in 72% after a median of 9 days. CONCLUSION: Abdominal compartment syndrome is a rare but serious complication after cardiac surgery with a high mortality rate. Independent risk factors for ACS were identified. Negative pressure wound therapy seems to promote and allow early fascia closure of the abdomen and represents therefore a likely benefit for the patient.

Expression of RET is associated with Oestrogen receptor expression but lacks prognostic significance in breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: The Rearranged during Transfection (RET) protein is overexpressed in a subset of Estrogen Receptor (ER) positive breast cancer, with both signalling pathways functionally interacting. This cross-talk plays a pivotal role in the resistance of breast cancer cells to anti-endocrine therapies, and RET expression is assumed to correlate with poor prognosis based on findings in small patient cohorts. The aim of our study was to investigate the impact of RET expression on patient outcome in human breast cancer. METHODS: We performed an immunohistochemical analysis of RET protein expression on a tissue microarray encompassing 990 breast cancer patients and correlated its expression with clinicopathological parameters and survival data. RESULTS: Expression of RET was detected in 409 out of 990 cases (41.3%). RET and ER expression significantly correlated (p < 0.0001). The Luminal B HER2-positive subtype showed the highest expression rate (48.9%). In univariate and multivariate survival analyses, RET expression had no impact on overall survival. CONCLUSION: We confirmed the co-expression of RET and ER, but we did not find RET expression to be an independent prognostic factor in human breast cancer. Clinical trials with newly developed RET inhibitors are needed to evaluate if RET inhibition has a beneficial impact on patient survival in ER positive breast cancer.

Outcome of laparoscopic paraesophageal hernia repair in octogenarians: a registry-based, propensity score-matched comparison of 360 patients.

BACKGROUND: Paraesophageal hernias (PEH) tend to occur in elderly patients and the assumed higher morbidity of PEH repair may dissuade clinicians from seeking a surgical solution. On the other hand, the mortality rate for emergency repairs shows a sevenfold increase compared to elective repairs. This analysis evaluates the complication rates after elective PEH repair in patients 80 years and older in comparison with younger patients. METHODS: In total, 3209 patients with PEH were recorded in the Herniamed Registry between September 1, 2009 and January 5, 2018. Using propensity score matching, 360 matched pairs were formed for comparative analysis of general, intraoperative, and postoperative complication rates in both groups. RESULTS: Our analysis revealed a disadvantage in general complications (6.7% vs. 14.2%; p = 0.002) for patients ≥ 80 years old. No significant differences were found between the two groups for intraoperative (4.7% vs. 5.8%, p = 0.627) and postoperative complications (2.2% vs. 2.8%, p = 0.815) or for complication-related reoperations (1.7% vs. 2.2%, p = 0.791). CONCLUSIONS: Despite a higher risk of general complications, PEH repair in octogenarians is not in itself associated with increased rates of intraoperative and postoperative complications or associated reoperations. Therefore, PEH repair can be safely offered to elderly patients with symptomatic PEH, if general medical risk factors are controlled.

Correction to: Prophylactic Intraperitoneal Onlay Mesh Following Midline Laparotomy-Long-Term Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

In the original version of the article, Philippe M. Glauser's, Philippe Brosi's, Benjamin Speich's, Samuel A. Käser's, Andres Heigl's, and Christoph A. Maurer's first and last names were interchanged. The names are correct as reflected here. The original article has been corrected.

Prophylactic Intraperitoneal Onlay Mesh Following Midline Laparotomy-Long-Term Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

OBJECTIVES: Incisional hernia, a serious complication after laparotomy, is associated with high morbidity and costs. This trial examines the value of prophylactic intraperitoneal onlay mesh to reduce the risk of incisional hernia after a median follow-up time of 5.3 years. METHODS: We conducted a parallel group, open-label, single center, randomized controlled trial (NCT01003067). After midline incision, the participants were either allocated to abdominal wall closure according to Everett with a PDS-loop running suture reinforced by an intraperitoneal composite mesh strip (Group A) or the same procedure without the additional mesh strip (Group B). RESULTS: A total of 276 patients were randomized (Group A = 131; Group B = 136). Follow-up data after a median of 5.3 years after surgery were available from 183 patients (Group A = 95; Group B = 88). Incisional hernia was diagnosed in 25/95 (26%) patients in Group A and in 46/88 (52%) patients in Group B (risk ratio 0.52; 95% CI 0.36-0.77; p < 0.001). Eighteen patients with asymptomatic incisional hernia went for watchful waiting instead of hernia repair and remained free of symptoms after of a median follow-up of 5.1 years. Between the second- and fifth-year follow-up period, no complication associated with the mesh could be detected. CONCLUSION: The use of a composite mesh in intraperitoneal onlay position significantly reduces the risk of incisional hernia during a 5-year follow-up period. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: Ref. NCT01003067 (clinicaltrials.gov).

Prophylactic Intraperitoneal Onlay Mesh Reinforcement Reduces the Risk of Incisional Hernia, Two-Year Results of a Randomized Clinical Trial.

BACKGROUND: Incisional hernias still are a major concern after laparotomy and are causing substantial morbidity. This study examines the feasibility, safety and incisional hernia rate of the use of a prophylactic intraperitoneal onlay mesh stripe (IPOM) to prevent incisional hernia following midline laparotomy. METHODS: This prospective, randomized controlled trial randomly allocated patients undergoing median laparotomy either to mass closure of the abdominal wall with a PDS-loop running suture reinforced by an intraperitoneal composite mesh stripe (Group A) or to the same procedure without the additional mesh stripe (Group B). Primary endpoint was the incidence of incisional hernias at 2 years following midline laparotomy. Secondary endpoints are were the feasibility, the safety of the mesh stripe implantation including postoperative pain, and the incidence of incisional hernias at 5 years. RESULTS: A total of 267 patients were included in this study. Follow-up data 2 years after surgery was available from 210 patients (Group A = 107; Group B = 103). An incisional hernia was diagnosed in 18/107 (17%) patients in Group A and in 40/103 (39%) patients in Group B (p < 0.001). A surgical operation due to an incisional hernia was conducted for 12/107 (11%) patients in Group A and for 24/103 (23%) patients in Group B (p = 0.039). In both groups, minor and major complications as well as postoperative pain are reported with no statistically significant difference between the groups, even in contaminated situations. CONCLUSIONS: This first randomized clinical trial indicates that the placement of a non-absorbable IPOM-stripe with prophylactic intention may significantly reduce the risk for a midline incisional hernia. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Ref. NCT01003067 (clinicaltrials.gov).

Enlargement of umbilical incision in standard laparoscopic cholecystectomy is frequently necessary: An argument for the single incision approach?

OBJECTIVE: Cosmetic result after cholecystectomy is up for debate. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and extent of enlargement of initial skin and fascia incision in standard laparoscopic cholecystectomy and to detect predictive factors for such an enlargement. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The size of the umbilical incision was measured before and after standard laparoscopic gallbladder removal in 391 patients from August 2009 to October 2012. Predisposing factors for the need of enlargement of the umbilical incision were analysed. RESULTS: Additional enlargement of the umbilical incision for gallbladder removal was required in 35.8% of the patients at skin level, and in 40.4% at fascia level. The median enlargement of the umbilical skin incision was 11 mm, from 25 mm to 36 mm. Gallbladder weight, total stone weight, maximum diameter of largest stone and shorter initial length of incision were independent predisposing factors for enlargement of the incision. CONCLUSIONS: In standard laparoscopic cholecystectomy the umbilical incision frequently requires secondary enlargement, especially if a large stone mass is involved. Therefore, the cosmetic result after laparoscopic cholecystectomy depends on more than only the technique used for access and the surgical technique for cholecystectomy should be chosen individually for each patient according to the stone mass.

Ischemic colitis: clinical presentation, localization in relation to risk factors, and long-term results.

BACKGROUND: Ischemic colitis is commonly thought to occur most often in the left hemicolon close to the splenic flexure owing to insufficient blood supply near Griffith's point. This study investigates the colorectal localization pattern, the risk factors, and the long-term outcome of histologically proven ischemic colitis. METHODS: Between 1996 and 2004, a total of 49 patients with a median age of 69 years (range 26-94 years) with colonoscopically assessed and histologically proven ischemic colitis were identified on behalf of the pathology database. Long-term results of 43 patients were evaluated retrospectively after a median interval of 79 months (range 6-163 months). RESULTS: In 27 patients (55%) more than one location was affected. We found 98 affected locations in 49 patients. The distribution of ischemic colitis in our group shows no significantly preferred location. In an exploratory analysis, the cecum, ascending colon, and right flexure were affected significantly more often if intake of a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) is documented. There was no association between the location of ischemic colitis and a history of smoking, peripheral artery occlusive disease, coronary heart disease, diabetes, or malignant tumor. CONCLUSIONS: Ischemic colitis seems not to have a predisposing site of occurrence in the colorectum, especially Griffith's point which was not afflicted significantly more often than other sites. Frequently, ischemic colitis afflicts more than one colonic location. In patients being treated with NSAIDs, ischemic colitis was observed significantly more often in the right hemicolon. Recurrence of ischemic colitis seems to be rare.

Incidence, management, and outcome of incidental gallbladder carcinoma: analysis of the database of the Swiss association of laparoscopic and thoracoscopic surgery.

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the long-term survival of patients with incidental gallbladder carcinoma (IGBC). The role of radical resection for this disease is discussed controversially in the literature. We present the long-term survival and the results of re-resection versus simple cholecystectomy of the database of the Swiss Association for Laparoscopic and Thoracoscopic Surgery (SALTS) from 1994 to 2004. METHODS: Eighty-nine patients with histologically confirmed carcinoma of the gallbladder were identified out of 30,960 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Sixty-nine patients were included in our study. Long-term survival by different T-stage and comparison of patients with extended resection versus simple cholecystectomy were calculated using the log-rank test. The time-to-event data are demonstrated by Kaplan-Meier curves. RESULTS: The overall incidence of IGBC in patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy was 0.28% (89 of 30,960). Fifty patients underwent simple cholecystectomy [n = 2: carcinoma in situ (CIS); n = 2: pT1a; n = 10: pT1b; n = 23: pT2; n = 8: pT3; n = 5: pT4], whereas extended resection was performed in 19 cases (n = 2: pT1b; n = 11: pT2; n = 6: pT3). The comparison of simple cholecystectomy versus extended re-resection of the gallbladder bed and regional lymph node resections showed a significant benefit in overall survival for the pT2 and pT3 group (p < 0.05). The pT1b group showed no significant benefit in overall survival (p = 0.34). CONCLUSION: IGBC has a low incidence (0.28%). We present a large study of patients with IGBC, comparing the overall survival by different histological findings. We observed a significant benefit for the group with pT2 and pT3. Therefore we recommend extended resection of the gallbladder bed and the regional lymph nodes for patient with incidental histologically confirmed pT2 and pT3 carcinoma of the gallbladder after performance of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. For patients with pT1b stage no recommendations can be given based on this study.

Perioperative Tablet-Based Telemonitoring After Abdominal Wall Hernia Surgery: Pilot Prospective Observational Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: Hernia repairs account for millions of general surgical procedures performed each year worldwide, with a notable shift to outpatient settings over the last decades. As technical possibilities such as smartphones, tablets, and different kinds of probes are becoming more and more available, such systems have been evaluated for applications in various clinical settings. However, there have been few studies conducted in the surgical field, especially in general surgery. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to assess the feasibility of a tablet-based follow up to monitor activity levels after repair of abdominal wall hernias and to evaluate a possible reduction of adverse events by their earlier recognition. METHODS: Patients scheduled for elective surgical repair of minor abdominal wall hernias (eg, inguinal, umbilical, or trocar hernias) were equipped with a telemonitoring system, including a tablet, pulse oximeter, and actimeter, for a monitoring phase of 7 days before and 30 days after surgery. Descriptive statistical analyses were performed. RESULTS: We enrolled 16 patients with a mean overall age of 48.75 (SD 16.27) years. Preoperative activity levels were reached on postoperative day 12 with a median of 2242 (IQR 0-4578) steps after plunging on the day of surgery. The median proportion of available activity measurements over the entire study period of 38 days was 69% (IQR 56%-81%). We observed a gradual decrease in the proportion of available data for all parameters during the postoperative course. Six out of ten patients (60%) regained preoperative activity levels within 3 weeks after surgery. Overall, patients rated the usability of the system as relatively easy. CONCLUSIONS: Tablet-based follow up is feasible after surgical repair of minor abdominal wall hernias, with good adherence rates during the first couple of weeks after surgery. Thus, such a system could be a useful tool to supplement or even replace traditional outpatient follow up in selected general surgical patients.