Negative experiences in psychotherapy from clients' perspective: A qualitative meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: A considerable number of clients report adverse or unwanted effects of psychological treatments. This study aimed to synthesize the findings of qualitative studies focused on what clients perceive as negative experiences in psychotherapy. METHOD: A database search was conducted to find primary studies, and a qualitative meta-analysis was used to aggregate the findings on the kinds of negative experiences psychotherapy clients reported. RESULTS: A total of 936 statements were extracted from 51 primary studies and categorized into 21 meta-categories, some of which were further divided into subcategories. These meta-categories covered clients' experiences, which fell into four broad clusters: therapists' misbehaviour, hindering aspects of the relationship, poor treatment fit, and negative impacts of treatment. CONCLUSION: Clients' negative experiences of psychotherapy are a vast and heterogeneous area, the breadth of which is not captured by any single study. By synthesizing the findings of many primary studies, this meta-analysis represents the most comprehensive summary of these experiences to date.

The Role of Ageist Sexual Stereotypes in the Network of Sexual Difficulties, Sex and Relationship Satisfaction Among Adults Aged 50.

As people age, their sexual activity, including sexual and relationship satisfaction, may change due to the onset of health and sexual difficulties and the activation of internalized ageist sexual stereotypes. We studied whether ageist sexual stereotypes were relevant for the importance of sex for people aged 50+ and how sexual and relationship satisfaction are interlinked with health and sexual difficulties when ageist sexual stereotypes are considered. Data for the network analysis were collected from a sample of 897 Czechs and Slovaks aged 50-96 (52% men, mean age = 62.01). Two models were analyzed - with and without the inclusion of ageist sexual stereotypes. The findings indicated that ageist sexual stereotypes play an important role in the sexuality of women and men aged 50 + .The fewer ageist sexual stereotypes people had, the less sexual difficulties they reported and the more they perceived sex as important. The inclusion of stereotypes into the models, however, weakened the negative link between sexual difficulties and the importance of sex for both women and men. These findings show that the effect of ageist sexual stereotypes are likely complex in the sexual lives of people aged 50 +.

The Role of Non-penetrative Partnered Sex Activities in the Associations Among Erectile Difficulties, Sex and Relationship Satisfaction in Men Aged 50.

Objectives: This study examined the associations among erectile difficulties, sexual satisfaction, and relationship satisfaction, and whether there is a buffering effect of non-penetrative partnered sex on relationship satisfaction in men aged 50+ who report erectile difficulties. Methods: An analysis of survey data from 431 Czech men (aged 50-96, Mdn = 64). Results: Engagement in non-penetrative partnered sex did not moderate the relationship between erectile difficulties and sexual and relationship satisfaction, but it was linked to higher sexual and relationship satisfaction. Conclusions: The buffering effect of non-penetrative practices for the link between erectile difficulties and relationship satisfaction has not been supported.