Outcome of Weekly Carboplatin-Paclitaxel-based Definitive Chemoradiation in Oesophageal Cancer in Patients Not Considered to be Suitable for Platinum-Fluoropyrimidine-based Treatment: A Multicentre, Retrospective Review.

AIMS: Although cisplatin-fluoropyrimidine-based definitive chemoradiotherapy (dCRT) is a standard of care for oesophageal cancer, toxicity is significant and limits its use in elderly and frail patients. Weekly carboplatin-paclitaxel-based dCRT provides a viable alternative, although prospective data are lacking in the dCRT setting. Here we report the results of a national, multicentre retrospective review of outcome in patients treated with weekly carboplatin-paclitaxel-based dCRT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this multicentre retrospective study of nine radiotherapy centres across the UK we evaluated the outcome of patients who had non-metastatic, histologically confirmed carcinoma of the oesophagus (adenocarcinoma, squamous cell or undifferentiated; World Health Organization performance status 0-2; stage I-III disease) and had been selected to receive weekly carboplatin-paclitaxel-based dCRT as they were considered not suitable for cisplatin-fluoropyrimidine-based dCRT. dCRT consisted of carboplatin AUC 2 and paclitaxel 50 mg/m2 (days 1, 8, 15, 22, 29) and the recommended radiation dose was 50 Gy in 25 daily fractions. We assessed overall survival, progression-free survival (PFS; overall, local and distant), proportion of patients who were failure free at the response assessment (12 weeks after dCRT), treatment compliance and toxicity. RESULTS: In total, 214 patients from nine UK centres were treated between 15 February 2013 and 19 March 2019: 39.7% of patients were ≥75 years; 18.7% ≥ 80 years. Indications for weekly carboplatin-paclitaxel-based dCRT were comorbidities (47.2%), clinician choice (36.4%) and poor tolerance/progression on cisplatin-fluoropyrimidine induction chemotherapy (15.8%). The median overall survival was 24.28 months (95% confidence interval 20.07-30.09) and the median PFS was 16.33 months (95% confidence interval 14.29-20.96). Following treatment, 69.1% (96/139) had a combined complete response on endoscopy with non-progression (complete response/partial response/stable disease) on imaging. The 1- and 2-year overall survival rates for this patient group were 81.9% (95% confidence interval 75.6-86.8%) and 50.6% (95% confidence interval 40.5-60.0%), respectively. Thirty-three per cent (n = 70) of patients experienced at least one grade 3 + acute toxicity (grade 3/4 haematological: 10%; grade 3/4 non-haematological: 32%) and there were no treatment-related deaths. 86.9% of patients completed at least four cycles of concomitant weekly carboplatin-paclitaxel-based chemotherapy and planned radiotherapy was completed in 97.7% (209/214). CONCLUSION: Weekly carboplatin-paclitaxel-based CRT seems to be well tolerated in elderly patients and in those with comorbidities, where cisplatin-fluoropyrimidine-based dCRT is contraindicated. Survival outcomes are comparable with cisplatin-fluoropyrimidine-based dCRT.

Mistaken identity ... is it epiglottitis or croup?

Acute respiratory distress in children is a terrifying experience for both the child and the parents. It also poses a tremendous challenge to nurses and physicians who must diagnose and treat the child's illness. Although the cause of acute respiratory distress in children can vary, the initial symptoms can all look the same to even the most experienced practitioner. Epiglottitis, a potentially life-threatening bacterial infection, often masquerades as the more common and less severe viral illness croup.

Measles: again an epidemic.

With the incidence of measles again on the rise in the United States, nurses have important roles in health promotion and education. Nurses and other health care providers need to be well informed about the potential severity of measles and the importance of immunization in preventing measles.

Taking down the walls: a nurse manager's experience in acute care and home care.

Changes in the health care system are stimulating trends in where and how nursing services are delivered. Nurse managers are responsible for the overall management of the nursing work unit and must be prepared to practice in settings other than acute care. Home care is a rapidly growing practice that emerges as patients are discharged from the hospital sooner with ongoing medical and nursing needs. The job responsibilities of a nurse manager remain similar across practice settings, including the transition from acute care to home care. A detailed checklist highlights specific similarities and differences in the nurse manager's role in acute care and home care settings. As the walls of the practice setting are taken down, nurse managers must build on current knowledge and creatively develop new skills to remain successful in ongoing job responsibilities.

A collaborative interaction model and the implementation of shared governance.

Practical experiences and examples in redesigning the professional nurse's work environment are shared. A collaborative interaction model where each nurse was an active participant in decision making was developed to convert a nursing unit to a shared governance structure. The implementation strategy consisted of self assessment for all levels of nurses involved, team building, communication, and change. Resulting role transitions that leaders and staff experienced are discussed.

An optic nerve clamp.

A simple optic nerve clamp is described which facilitates clamping of the optic nerve without visualization during enucleation. This improves hemostasis and allows excision of a long optic nerve stump.

Unusual scotomas after transsphenoidal surgery of a pituitary macroadenoma.

The case of a woman presenting unusual bilateral campimetric defects following transphenoidal surgery is presented. The defects, consisting of a necklace of small round scotomas, disappeared after a corticosteroid treatment. A postoperative inflammatory mechanism may explain these unusual visual field abnormalities.