Systematic Review of Platelet-Rich Plasma for Low Back Pain.

BACKGROUND: Low back pain (LBP) has a high economic burden and is strongly related to the degenerative process of the spine, especially in the intervertebral disc and of the facet joints. Numerous treatment modalities have been proposed for the management of LBP, and the use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has emerged as an innovative therapeutic option for degenerative disease of the spine. The present study aims to evaluate the efficacy of PRP injections in managing low back pain. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) recommendations, a registered at PROSPERO Systematic Reviews Platform, under number CRD42021268491. The PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched to identify relevant articles, along with hand searching to identify gray literature articles, with no language restrictions. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs), nonrandomized trials (NRTs), and case series (CSs) with more than 10 patients were considered eligible. The quality assessment and the risk of bias of the randomized clinical trials were evaluated using the RoB II tool. An evaluation of the description of the preparation methods was performed using an adapted version of the MIBO checklist. RESULTS: An electronic database search resulted in 2324 articles, and after the exclusion of noneligible articles, 13 RCTs and 27 NRTs or CSs were analyzed. Of the 13 RCTs, 11 found favorable results in comparison to the control group in pain and disability, one showed no superiority to the control group, and one was discontinued because of the lack of therapeutic effect at eight-week evaluation. Description of the PRP preparation techniques were found in almost all papers. The overall risk of bias was considered high in 2 papers and low in 11. An adapted MIBO checklist showed a 72.7% compliance rate in the selected areas. CONCLUSIONS: In this systematic review, we analyzed articles from English, Spanish and Russian language, from large databases and grey literature. PRP was in general an effective and safe treatment for degenerative LPB. Positive results were found in almost studies, a small number of adverse events were related, the risk of bias of the RCTs was low. Based on the evaluation of the included studies, we graded as level II the quality of the evidence supporting the use of PRP in LBP. Large-scale, multicenter RCTs are still needed to confirm these findings.

Fish oil supplementation in F1 generation associated with naproxen, clenbuterol, and insulin administration reduce tumor growth and cachexia in Walker 256 tumor-bearing rats.

Weanling female Wistar rats were supplemented with fish oil (1 g/kg body weight) for one generation. The male offspring received the same supplementation until to adult age. Rats supplemented with coconut fat were used as reference. Some rats were inoculated subcutaneously with a suspension (2 x 10(7) cells/mL) of Walker 256 tumor. At day 3, when the tumor was palpable, rats were treated with naproxen (N) (0.1 mg/mL), clenbuterol (Cb) (0.15 mg/kg body weight), and insulin (I) (10 U/kg body weight). At day 14 after tumor inoculation, the animals were killed. Tumor was removed and weighed. Blood, liver, and skeletal muscles were also collected for measurements of metabolites and insulin. In both tumor-bearing untreated rats and tumor-bearing rats supplemented with coconut fat, tumor growth, triacylglycerol, and blood lactate levels were higher, and glycogen content of the liver, blood glucose, cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol levels were lower as compared with the non-tumor-bearing and fish oil supplemented groups. Fish oil supplementation of tumor-bearing rats led to a partial recovery of the glycogen content in the liver and a full reversion of blood glucose, lactate, cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol levels. The treatment with N plus Cb plus I attenuated cancer cachexia and decreased tumor growth in both coconut fat and fish oil supplemented rats. In conclusion, chronic fish oil supplementation decreased tumor growth and partially recovered cachexia. This beneficial effect of fish oil supplementation was potentiated by treatment with naproxen plus clenbuterol plus insulin.

Análise radiográfica comparativa da cifose juncional entre instrumentação híbrida, ganchos e parafusos na escoliose idiopática do adolescente / Comparative radiographic analysis of junctional kyphosis between hybrid instrumentation, hooks and screws in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis / Análisis radiográfico comparativo de la cifosis de unión entre los instrumentos híbridos, los ganchos y los tornillos en escoliosis idiopática del adolescente

OBJETIVO: Avaliação radiográfica das cifoses juncionais proximal e distal em pacientes submetidos a artrodese e diferentes tipos de instrumentação posterior no tratamento cirúrgico da escoliose idiopática do adolescente (EIA). MÉTODO: Foi realizado estudo retrospectivo com avaliação radiográfica de 34 pacientes submetidos à artrodese da coluna vertebral com instrumentação posterior, sendo 10 com ganchos (Grupo I), 13 com ganchos e parafusos (Grupo II) e 11 com parafusos (Grupo III), entre junho de 1997 e dezembro de 2009. Foi avaliada a ocorrência de cifose juncional proximal (CJP) e cifose juncional distal (CJD) à artrodese, no pré-operatório, no pós-operatório imediato e no final do seguimento, pós-operatório tardio, que foi de, no mínimo, 12 meses. RESULTADOS: Os pacientes do grupo I apresentaram cifose torácica de menor valor no pré-operatório, porém a lordose lombar permaneceu inalterada ao longo da evolução. Os pacientes do grupo II e grupo III apresentaram aumento do valor aferido da lordose lombar no pós-operatório. Não houve diferença significativa para a ocorrência de cifose juncional proximal entre os três grupos estudados. Com relação à cifose juncional distal, houve aumento estatisticamente significativo do valor entre pré é pós-operatório, para os grupos II e III. CONCLUSÃO: A avaliação radiográfica das cifoses juncionais proximal e distal em pacientes submetidos à artrodese e diferentes tipos de instrumentação no tratamento cirúrgico da EIA revelou a presença de cifoses juncionais proximais pré-operatórias, que não evoluíram para a deformidade juncional pós-operatória, além de ausência completa da anormalidade juncional distal.

OBJECTIVE: Radiographic evaluation of proximal and distal junctional kyphosis in patients undergoing spinal fusion and different types of posterior instrumentation, in the surgical treatment for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). METHOD: A retrospective review was done with radiographic evaluation of 34 patients who were submitted to spinal fusion with posterior instrumentation, divided as follows: 10 using only hooks (Group I), 13 hybrid fixation (screws and hooks) (Group II) and 11 using only pedicle screws (Group III) from June 1997 to December 2009. The study assessed the occurrence of junctional kyphosis both proximal and distal to the arthrodesis, in the preoperative, immediate postoperative periods, in the final follow up, and also in the late postoperative period, which was at least 12 months. RESULTS: Patients in group I showed lower value of thoracic kyphosis preoperatively, but the lumbar lordosis remained unchanged throughout evolution. Patients in group II and group III showed an increase in the assessed value of lumbar lordosis postoperatively. There was no significant difference in the occurrence of proximal junctional kyphosis among the three groups. Regarding the distal junctional kyphosis, there was a statistically significant increase in value between the preoperative and postoperative for groups II and III. CONCLUSION: Radiographic evaluation of the proximal and distal junctional kyphosis in patients who underwent arthrodesis and different types of instrumentation in the surgical treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, revealed the presence of preoperative proximal junctional kyphosis, which have not progressed to postoperative junctional deformity, and also complete absence of distal junctional abnormality.

OBJETIVO: Evaluación radiográfica de cifosis por unión proximal y distal en pacientes sometidos a artrodesis y diferentes tipos de instrumentación como tratamiento quirúrgico de escoliosis idiopática del adolescente (EIA). MÉTODO: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de evaluación radiográfica de 34 pacientes sometidos a artrodesis de la columna con instrumentación posterior, 10 con ganchos (Grupo I), 13 con ganchos y tornillos (Grupo II) y 11 con tornillos (Grupo III), entre junio de 1997 y diciembre de 2009. Se evaluó la aparición de cifosis proximal y distal a la artrodesis en los períodos preoperatorio, postoperatorio inmediato y al final del seguimiento, período postoperatorio tardío, de por lo menos 12 meses. RESULTADOS: Los pacientes del Grupo I presentaron menor valor de cifosis torácica preoperatoria, pero la lordosis lumbar se mantuvo sin cambios durante la evolución. Los pacientes en el grupo II y grupo III mostraron incremento del valor verificado de lordosis lumbar en el postoperatorio. No hubo diferencia significativa en la aparición de cifosis proximal a la unión entre los tres grupos. En cuanto a la cifosis por unión distal, se produjo un aumento estadísticamente significativo del valor entre preoperatorio y postoperatorio en los grupos II y III. CONCLUSIÓN: La evaluación radiográfica de la cifosis por unión proximal y distal en pacientes sometidos a artrodesis y diferentes tipos de instrumentación como tratamiento quirúrgico de escoliosis idiopática del adolescente reveló la presencia preoperatoria de cifosis proximales a la unión , que no evolucionaron para deformidad postoperatoria por unión y además, ausencia completa de anormalidad de la unión distal.