RESUMO
Introduction: Soy lecithin has become one of the most widely used dietary supplements with potential to treat obesity. Objective: To determine the effect of soy lecithin on body composition. Material and Methods: An experimental preclinical pharmacology study was carried out in the Laboratory of Antibodies and Experimental Biomodels (Labex-cim) and the Basic Sciences Laboratory of the University of Medical Sciences of Santiago de Cuba in 2019. Soy lecithin was administered for 30 days, in doses considered as maximum and minimum to two experimental groups of Wistar rats, to be compared with the control group that received regular feeding. Bioelectric variables and indicators of fat mass were estimated by establishing differences between the experimental groups using the Kruskal-Wallis test of independent samples and considering the level of significance less than 5 %. Results: Total body water, fat-free mass, extracellular water, and total body fat changed significantly compared to the control and between groups; also, there were variations in fat weight in the main compartments, increasing in the group supplemented at the minimum dose and reducing in the group that received the maximum dose of the product. The phase angle showed reduction in both experimental groups. Conclusions: Soy lecithin, depending on the dose, modifies the body composition in rats, the phase angle being an appreciable parameter for nutritional evaluation.
Introducción: La lecitina de soya se ha convertido en un suplemento dietético de los más utilizados con potencialidades para tratar la obesidad. Objetivo: Determinar el efecto de la lecitina de soya sobre la composición corporal. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de farmacología preclínica experimental en el Laboratorio de Anticuerpos y Biomodelos Experimentales (Labex-cim) y el Laboratorio de Ciencias Básicas de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Santiago de Cuba, en 2019. Se administró lecitina de soja por 30 días, en dosis consideradas como máximas y mínimas a dos grupos experimentales de ratas Wistar, para ser comparados con grupo control que recibió alimentación habitual. Se estimaron variables bioeléctricas e indicadores de masa grasa estableciendo diferencias entre los grupos experimentales mediante la Prueba de Kruskal-Wallis de muestras independientes y considerando el nivel de significación menor del 5 %. Resultados: El agua corporal total, la masa libre de grasa, el agua extracelular y la grasa corporal total se modificaron de manera significativa en comparación con el control y entre grupos, así como existieron variaciones en el peso de la grasa en los compartimentos principales, incrementándose en el grupo suplementado a dosis mínima y reduciendo en el grupo que recibió dosis máxima del producto. El ángulo de fase mostró reducción en ambos grupos experimentales. Conclusiones: La lecitina de soya, dependiendo de la dosis, modifica la composición corporal en ratas siendo el ángulo de fase un parámetro apreciable para la evaluación nutricional.
RESUMO
El proceso de dirección académica de la Facultad de Medicina No. 1 de Santiago de Cuba, tuvo sus cimientos en el contexto de la Universidad de Oriente en 1962. Desde su fundación se ha concebido para redimensionar la academia, a tono con los problemas de salud de la población. Lo anterior posibilitó constatar, mediante la revisión de distintas publicaciones relacionadas con historia de la medicina, la carencia de estudios que analicen la dirección académica en la estructura de la facultad, como proceso integral e integrado, por lo cual se realizó el presente estudio con el objetivo de caracterizar las tendencias que distinguen el desarrollo de la dirección académica en el contexto educativo enunciado. Al respecto, se determinan los fundamentos que sustentan la necesidad de su perfeccionamiento. Se concluye, que se requiere de una gestión científico-metodológica pertinente, que impacte el entorno santiaguero, para satisfacer los problemáticas esenciales de salud, climáticas y sociales.
The process of academic direction of the Medicine Faculty No. 1 from Santiago de Cuba, had its foundations in the context of Oriente University in 1962. Since its foundation it has been conceived to resize the academy, according to the population health problems. The above-mentioned facilitated to verify, by means of the revision of different publications related to the history of medicine, the lack of studies that analyze the academic direction in the faculty structure, as integral and integrated process, reason why the present study was carried out aimed at characterizing the tendencies that distinguish the development of the academic direction in the enunciated educational context. In this respect, the foundations that sustain the necessity of its improvement are determined. It was concluded that a pertinent scientific-methodological administration that impacts the Santiago environment is required to satisfy the essential health, climatic and social problems.
Assuntos
Faculdades de Medicina , História da Medicina , CubaRESUMO
La relevancia y el alcance del uso racional de medicamentos y su contribución al mejoramiento de la salud poblacional constituyen suficientes argumentos para que el médico general integral en Cuba lo adopte como modalidad de superación que cualifica su desempeño profesional. Al respecto, se han desarrollado varios estudios históricos sobre la superación de este especialista; sin embargo, se requiere profundizar en determinados temas que pueden aportarle un sentido renovador como prescriptor de medicamentos. A tal efecto, en este artículo se exponen los antecedentes del proceso de educación de posgrado de este galeno, con énfasis en la actualización sobre el uso racional de medicamentos. Pudo concluirse que existen vacíos importantes en el diseño de superación profesional en cuanto al uso racional de medicamentos en la atención primaria de salud; no obstante, se reconoce la trascendencia social de esa problemática por parte de los niveles directivos correspondientes.
The relevance and reach of the rational use of medications and their contribution to the improvement of the populational health constitute enough arguments so that the comprehensive general doctor in Cuba adopts it as training modality that qualifies his professional performance. In this respect, several historical studies have been developed on the training of these specialists; however, it is required to deepen in certain topics that can contribute a renovating sense to them as drugs prescribers. To such an effect, the history of the postdegree educational process of this doctor is exposed in this work, with emphasis in upgrading on the rational use of medications. It could be concluded that there are important gaps in the training design as for the rational use of medications in the primary health care; nevertheless, the social transcendency of that problem is recognized on the part of the corresponding directive levels.
Assuntos
Atenção Primária à Saúde , Uso de Medicamentos , Capacitação Profissional , Serviços de Saúde Comunitária , CubaRESUMO
Although research indicates that school meal programs contribute to improved academic performance and healthier eating behaviors for students who participate, fewer than 60% of students choose the National School Lunch Program or School Breakfast Program. School meal programs have a difficult time competing with foods that are marketed to young people through sophisticated advertising campaigns. Youth's preferences for fast foods, soft drinks, and salty snacks; mixed messages sent by school personnel; school food preparation and serving space limitations; inadequate meal periods; and lack of education standards for school foodservice directors challenge school meal programs as well. A coordinated school health program offers a framework for meeting these challenges and provides children and adolescents with the knowledge and skills necessary for healthful eating. This article identifies challenges facing school foodservice directors in delivering healthful meals and acquaints dietetics professionals with the coordinated school health program to be used as a tool for addressing unhealthful weight gain and promoting healthful eating.
Assuntos
Serviços de Dietética/organização & administração , Serviços de Alimentação/normas , Promoção da Saúde/organização & administração , Ciências da Nutrição/educação , Obesidade/prevenção & controle , Serviços de Saúde Escolar/organização & administração , Publicidade , Criança , Dieta , Serviços de Dietética/métodos , Preferências Alimentares , Promoção da Saúde/métodos , Humanos , Política Nutricional , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Serviços de Saúde Escolar/normas , Estados UnidosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of food-safety education in didactic programs in dietetics (DPDs) across the United States and factors associated with the provision of this education and to explore DPD directors' attitudes toward food safety. SUBJECTS: The population consisted of 230 DPD directors listed in The American Dietetic Association's 1998-1999 Directory of Dietetics Programs. Overall, 146 directors participated in the study, yielding a 64% response rate. DESIGN: The nature and prevalence of food-safety education and certification, as well as DPD directors' attitudes toward food safety, were assessed by means of a survey instrument. Statistical analyses Descriptive statistics were calculated. Analysis of variance, t test, and chi2 were used to assess differences in DPD directors' attitudes toward food-safety education and certification on the basis of demographic variables. RESULTS: Among dietetics programs, 40% had dietetics majors receive 16 or more hours of food-safety education; 38% (n=54) of DPDs had dietetics majors complete a food-safety certification examination. DPD directors agreed that food safety is an important concept within dietetics education; however, they held differing views regarding certification. APPLICATIONS/CONCLUSIONS: Dietetics educators need to familiarize themselves with food-safety certification, weigh the pros and cons, and determine whether or not certification should be an academic goal. Partnering with associations and the foodservice industry to offer cost-effective food-safety training and certification opportunities is suggested.
Assuntos
Dietética/educação , Serviços de Alimentação/normas , Alimentos/normas , Segurança/normas , Atitude , Certificação , Coleta de Dados , Feminino , Alimentos/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Masculino , Prevalência , Inquéritos e Questionários , Estados UnidosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Infection with the trematode helminth Schistosoma mansoni affects more than 200 million people worldwide. Infected patients are thought to show a decreased incidence of asthma and autoimmune diseases, which is, among others, considered a result of an increased production of the immunoregulatory cytokine IL-10. However, the location and the type of cell that is responsible for the highest production of IL-10 in vivo are still unknown. AIM: Identification of the hierarchy of IL-10 producing cell types in the mesenteric lymph node and spleen during the course of the murine infection with S. mansoni without the need of an external standard. METHODS: We describe the use of the IL-10 reporter mouse TIGER for the study of murine schistosomiasis and introduce a novel tool, which we have called the TIGER index (TI). This index combines data from flow cytometric measurements and cell count analysis and allows identifying the cell type with the highest contribution of IL-10 during the course of infection in the secondary lymphoid organs, sites of extensive immunoregulatory activity in schistosomiasis. RESULTS: In this paper we have calculated the TI for the mesenteric lymph nodes and the spleen in the course of a chronic infection with S. mansoni. Using the TI, we identified CD4(pos) CD25pos and CD4(pos) CD25(neg) cell populations as the highest producers of IL-10 in the mesenteric lymph node and the spleen in chronic schistosomiasis, respectively, whereas B cells, NK cells and NKT cells showed a lower contribution to IL-10 production throughout the infection. CONCLUSION: The TI is a highly useful tool to measure the relative contribution of different cell types, which are responsible for the in vivo production of IL-10 in the secondary lymphoid organs during the infection with S. mansoni. Thus, the strength of the TI ensures the possibility to analyze IL-10 production in a long term experiment without the need of an external standard between each time point of analysis.
Assuntos
Contagem de Linfócito CD4/métodos , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/imunologia , Separação Celular/métodos , Interleucina-10/imunologia , Schistosoma mansoni , Esquistossomose mansoni/imunologia , Subpopulações de Linfócitos T/imunologia , Animais , Linfócitos B/imunologia , Citometria de Fluxo/métodos , Humanos , Interleucina-10/biossíntese , Células Matadoras Naturais/imunologia , Linfonodos/imunologia , Linfócitos/imunologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Células T Matadoras Naturais/imunologia , Baço/imunologia , Subpopulações de Linfócitos T/citologiaRESUMO
Se realizó un estudio de tipo investigación en la educación médica de pregrado, de 141 estudiantes que cursaban tercer año de la carrera de medicina durante el curso escolar 2015-2016, pertenecientes a la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Santiago de Cuba, con el objetivo de identificar el uso de la informática y las nuevas tecnologías de la información en función del aprendizaje. Entre los resultados principales figuraron que solo 71,0 por ciento de los estudiantes tenían disponibilidad de medios electrónicos, que 6,0 por ciento hacía uso de estos en función del aprendizaje y que 66,0 por ciento estudiaba por el texto básico y por las notas de clases tomadas durante las actividades docentes. Se puso de manifiesto la correlación significativa entre el rendimiento académico bajo y el uso inadecuado de las nuevas tecnologías de la información disponibles
An investigation type study was carried out in the undergraduate medical education, of 141 students who studied third year of the medicine career during the school course 2015-2016, belonging to the University of Medical Sciences in Santiago de Cuba, with the objective of identifying the computer science use as well as the new technologies of the information in accordance with learning. Among the main results there were that just 71,0 percent of the students had possibility of using electronic equipments, that 6,0 percent used them for learning and that 66,0 percent studied through the basic text and through the notes of classes taken during the educational activities. The significant correlation between the low academic achievement and the inadequate use of the available new information technologies were shown
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Estudantes de Medicina , Informática Médica , Educação de Graduação em Medicina/métodos , Tecnologia da Informação , Educação Médica , Desempenho AcadêmicoRESUMO
Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y prospectivo de 86 trabajadores del Puerto Guillermón Moncada de Santiago de Cuba, quienes recibieron tratamiento quimioprofiláctico con doxiciclina y presentaron reacciones adversas asociadas a dicho tratamiento, en noviembre del 2015, con vistas a caracterizarles y determinar la relación de causalidad existente entre la administración del medicamento, la aparición de efectos indeseables y las posibles interacciones farmacológicas. En esta serie, las reacciones adversas resultaron leves y no graves; las relaciones de causalidad, definitivas en la mayoría de los afectados (65,1 por ciento), aunque se determinaron algunas como probables y posibles, en tanto, las reacciones más frecuentes se presentaron en la esfera gastrointestinal
A descriptive and prospective study of 86 workers from Guillermón Moncada Port was carried out in Santiago de Cuba. They received chemoprophylactic treatment with doxicicline and presented adverse reactions associated with this treatment, in November, 2015, aimed at characterizing them and determining the relationship of causation existing between the administration of medication, emergence of undesirable effects and possible pharmacological interactions. In this series, the adverse reactions were light and no severe; the causation relationships, were definitive in most of the affected patients (65.1 percent), although some were determined as probable and possible, while, the most frequent reactions were presented in the gastrointestinal sphere
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Doxiciclina/efeitos adversos , Quimioprevenção/efeitos adversos , Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos/metabolismo , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Causalidade , Estudos Prospectivos , Interações Medicamentosas/fisiologiaRESUMO
Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, longitudinal y prospectivo de 52 senescentes con efecto cascada resultante de polimedicación, quienes formaban parte de un total de 305 con enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles, pertenecientes todos al Policlínico Universitario José Martí Pérez del municipio de Santiago de Cuba. En la investigación, desarrollada durante el bienio 2014-2015, se constató el mencionado efecto a partir de las reacciones adversas referidas por los pacientes y los síntomas predominantes que justificaron la indicación de los fármacos. El efecto cascada predominó en los ancianos con más de 3 afecciones diagnosticadas, aunque también se presentó en aquellos que padecían solo 1 o 2. En todos los casos identificados hubo más de un prescriptor para el seguimiento de los afectados
A descriptive, longitudinal and prospective study of 52 elderly with cascade effect resulting from polymedication was carried out, who were part of a total of 305 elderly with non communicable chronic diseases, belonging to José Martí Pérez University Polyclinic in Santiago de Cuba. In the investigation, developed during 2014-2015 biennium, the mentioned effect was verified starting from the adverse reactions referred by the patients and the predominant symptoms that justified the drug prescription. The cascade effect prevailed in the elderly with more than 3 diagnosed disorders, although it was also presented in those that suffered from just 1 or 2. In all the identified cases there was more than one prescriptor for the follow up of the affected patients
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Polimedicação , Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos , Overdose de Drogas , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos LongitudinaisRESUMO
Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de observación analítica, de casos y contrles, en 42 pacientes con artrosis de rodilla, pertenecientes al Policlínico Docente José Martí Pérez" de Santiago de Cuba, de septiembre de 2014 a junio de 2015, a fin de evaluar la efectividad del producto homeopático AliviHo®-reuma como tratamiento coadyuvante unido al esquema terapéutico convencional basado en antiinflamatorios no esteroideos y analgésicos. En el procesamiento estadístico de la información se emplearon el porcentaje como medida de resumen, el test exacto de Fisher, para determinar si la asociación era significante, y la oportunidad relativa (OR), con un intervalo de confianza (IC) de 95 por ciento. La favorable evolución en la mayoría de los pacientes reveló la utilidad de esta terapia adyuvante en la disminución de manifestaciones psicosomáticas y en el prolongamiento de los períodos de remisión de la enfermedad; de manera que quedó demostrada la efectividad del AliviHo®-reuma para tratar a pacientes con artrosis de rodilla y mejorar así la calidad de vida de estos
A cases and controls retrospective study of analytic observation was carried out in 42 patients with arthrosis of the knee who belonged to José Martí Pérez Teaching Polyclinic in Santiago de Cuba, from September, 2014 to June, 2015, in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the homeopathic product AliviHo®-rheumatism as coadjuvant treatment with the conventional therapeutic schedule based on non esteroids and analgesic anti-inflammatory drugs. In the statistical processing of the information, the percentage as a summary measure, the exact test of Fisher to determine whether this difference is significant or not, and the odds ratio, with 95 percent of confidence, were used. The favorable clinical course in most of the patients revealed the usefulness of this adjuvant therapy in the decrease of psychosomatic manifestations and in the extension of the referral periods of the disease; so that the effectiveness of the AliviHo®-rheumatism was demonstrated to treat patients with arthrosis of the knee and to improve in this way their life quality
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Medicamento Homeopático , Doenças Reumáticas/terapia , Osteoartrite do Joelho/terapia , Osteoartrite , Efetividade , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/uso terapêutico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estudo ObservacionalRESUMO
Se efectuó un estudio descriptivo y transversal, con vistas a identificar las reacciones adversas a medicamentos en el Hospital Provincial Docente Clinicoquirúrgico "Saturnino Lora Torres" de Santiago de Cuba, durante el 2014. Se notificaron 107 reacciones adversas, 73 (68,2 %) por los licenciados en enfermería y 29 (27,1 %) por los médicos; entre ellas sobresalieron: escalofríos, ansiedad y tos. El sexo femenino y las enfermedades concomitantes condicionaron la aparición de dichas reacciones. Primaron los antibacterianos y antihipertensivos como los grupos farmacológicos principales, el factor de crecimiento y el captopril como los medicamentos con mayor incidencia y árnica como remedio homeopático.
A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out, aimed at identifying the adverse reactions to drugs in "Saturnino Lora Torres" Teaching Clinical Surgical Provincial Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, during 2014. One hundred and seven adverse effects were notified, 73 (68.2%) by the Licentiates in Nursing and 29 (27.1%) by the doctors; among them chills, anxiety and cough highlighted. The female sex and the concomitant diseases conditioned the emergence of these reactions. The antibacterial and antihypertensive prevailed as the main pharmacological groups, the growth factor and captopril as the drugs with higher incidence and arnica as homeopathic remedy.
Assuntos
Preparações Farmacêuticas , Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos , Farmacovigilância , Atenção Secundária à SaúdeRESUMO
Con el objetivo de evaluar las propuestas metodológicas diseñadas para los trabajos de curso de esta disciplina Farmacología en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Santiago de Cuba durante el curso académico 2013-2014 se desarrolló el presente trabajo en tres etapas: diseño de las propuestas, implementación y evaluación de la satisfacción y resultados de estas. Las propuestas quedaron conformadas por tres ejercicios prácticos, dos para la asignatura Farmacología I y uno para Farmacología II. Estudiantes y profesores refirieron que los trabajos permitieron llevar a la práctica e integrar los conocimientos de la asignatura así como adquirir conocimientos sobre metodología de la investigación. Se consideraron los resultados de las evaluaciones a través informes semestrales de las asignaturas, se evidenció predominio de estudiantes con calificaciones entre 4 y 5. Se concluye que las propuestas diseñadas son satisfactorias para estudiantes y profesores, y las calificaciones avalan la calidad de los trabajos realizados.
With the objective of evaluating the methodological proposals designed for the final papers of pharmacology discipline in the University of Medical Sciences of Santiago de Cuba in the 2013-2014 academic year, the present paper was made in three phases: design of proposals, implementation and evaluation of results of and satisfaction with such proposals. These proposals were finally shaped into three practical exercises; two for the pharmacology I subject and one for the pharmacology II subject. Both students and professors state that these final papers allowed putting into practice and integrating the knowledge of the subject as well as acquiring more knowledge about the research methodology. The results of evaluations included in the six-monthly reports of the subjects were taken into consideration in which most of students got grades of 4 and 5. It was concluded that the designed proposals are satisfactory for students and professors whereas the qualifications endorse the quality of the submitted final papers.
Assuntos
Avaliação Educacional/métodos , Docentes de Medicina , Farmacologia/educação , Estudantes de MedicinaRESUMO
Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal, de tipo farmacoepidemiológico, de 426 pacientes atendidos en las consultas de Gastroenterología del Hospital General Docente "Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso" y del Policlínico Docente "Ramón López Peña" de Santiago de Cuba, de mayo del 2011 a igual mes del 2012, quienes consumían medicamentos bajo indicación facultativa (o se automedicaban), con vistas a evaluar dichas prescripciones. En la serie, el grupo farmacológico más prescrito fue el de los antiácidos, con un mayor consumo del Alusil® y el Silogel®, y entre las prescripciones inadecuadas predominaron las asociaciones medicamentosas para la cimetidina y la metoclopramida, así como la incorrecta individualización al recetar el Alusil®; de igual manera, la polimedicación resultó el factor más relacionado con la prescripción inadecuada.
A descriptive and cross-sectional study of pharmacoepidemiological type of 426 patients assisted in the Gastroenterology Department from "Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso" Teaching General Hospital and in "Ramón López Peña" Teaching Polyclinic in Santiago de Cuba was carried out from May, 2011 to same month of 2012, who consumed drugs prescribed by doctors (or they self-medicated), with the aim of evaluating these prescriptions. In the series, the most prescribed pharmacological group was that of antacids, with a higher consumption of Alusil® and Silogel®, and among the inadequate prescriptions the medicamentous associations for cimetidina and metoclopramida, as well as the incorrect individualization when prescribing Alusil® prevailed; likewise, polymedication was the most related factor with inadequate prescription.
Assuntos
Prescrições de Medicamentos , Antiácidos , GastroenterologiaRESUMO
La promoción de salud constituye una de las acciones sanitarias más importante relacionada con la labor del estomatólogo general. Es un concepto más amplio que la prevención, ya que abarca las esferas biológica, ambiental, social y cultural, por citar algunas, donde la voluntad política del Estado desempeña una función fundamental, en aras de elevar cada día la calidad de vida de la población cubana en materia de salud bucal. Los resultados relacionados con la promoción son mediatos, de mayor impacto y generalmente requieren de una inversión en salud a largo plazo, a diferencia de los tratamientos médicos, cuyos resultados son más rápidos, pero menos duraderos y profundos. Tomando en consideración estos argumentos se llevó a cabo la presente investigación, con vistas a describir los nuevos enfoques sobre la promoción de salud y brindar una información más actualizada sobre el tema.
Health promotion constitutes one of the most important health tasks related to the work of the general stomatologist. It is a wider concept than prevention, since it comprises the biological, environmental, social and cultural fields, to mention some, where the political will of the State plays a fundamental role, for rising each day the life quality of the Cuban population regarding oral health. The results related to the promotion are mediate, of higher impact and they generally require an investment in health at long term, contrary to the medical treatments, results of which are faster, but less durable and deep. Taking in consideration these arguments, the present investigation was carried out, aimed at describing the new approaches on the health promotion and to offer a more updated information on the topic.
Assuntos
Saúde Bucal , Promoção da Saúde , Doenças da Boca/prevenção & controleRESUMO
Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y prospectivo de 171 pacientes con virus de inmunodeficiencia humana/sida, tratados con antirretrovirales desde abril hasta diciembre de 2008 en el Hospital de Bindura de la provincia de Mashonaland Central (Zimbabwe), a fin de evaluar las reacciones adversas a estos fármacos. Los integrantes de la casuística recibieron combinaciones de dosis fijas y triples de medicamentos prescritos para combatir ese proceso morboso. Se encontró que el sexo femenino fue el más afectado, que 13,4 % experimentaron efectos medicamentosos no deseados y que la mayoría de las reacciones adversas fueron de causalidad probable y de significación clínica moderada. El personal farmacéutico desempeña una función importante en el seguimiento terapéutico de estos portadores.
A descriptive and prospective study was conducted in 171 patients with HIV/AIDS treated with antiretroviral drugs from April to December 2008 in Bindura Hospital of Central Mashonaland province (Zimbabwe), in order to evaluate the adverse reactions to these drugs. Patients of the case material received combinations of fixed and triple doses of medications prescribed to control the disease process. It was found that females were the most affected, 13,4 % experienced undesirable drug effects and most adverse reactions were of probable causation and moderate clinical significance. The pharmacy staff play an important role in therapeutic follow up of these carriers.
RESUMO
Se efectuó una investigación descriptiva y prospectiva de 171 pacientes con virus de inmunodeficiencia humana/sida, que recibieron tratamiento antirretroviral desde abril hasta diciembre de 2008 en el Hospital de Bindura de la provincia de Mashonaland Central (Zimbabwe), con vistas a evaluar su efectividad; para ello se tuvo en cuenta el número de linfocitos CD4, se determinó el cumplimiento del plan terapéutico por un período de 6 meses después de indicado y se monitoreó clínicamente al paciente durante la fase de estudio. Los integrantes de la casuística comenzaron a ser tratados en las primeras 2 semanas con doble combinación (estavudina + lamivudina) y triple combinación (estavudina + lamivudina + nevirapine). El tratamiento fue cumplido por 95,32 por ciento de los pacientes, 90,06 por ciento tenía un número adecuado de linfocitos CD4 y 83,60 % mostró mejoría clínica, de donde se infirió que la efectividad terapéutica dependió del grado de cumplimiento de las prescripciones médicas y que el personal farmacéutico contribuyó decisivamente a la obtención de esos buenos resultados.
A prospective and descriptive research of 171 patients with HIV/AIDS who received antiretroviral therapy from April, 2008 to December, 2008 at Bindura Hospital from Central Mashonaland province (Zimbabwe) was carried out in order to assess its effectiveness. CD4 cells count was taken into account for this. In addition, compliance was determined for a 6-month period after being prescribed and patients were monitored during the study stage. Cases started to be treated in the first two weeks with double combination (estavudina + lamivudina) and triple combination (estavudina + lamivudina + nevirapine) 95,32 percent of patients followed the treatment, 90,06 percent had an appropriate CD4 cells count, and 83,60 percent showed clinical improvement, in which case it was inferred that therapeutic effectiveness depended on the grade of medical prescription compliance and pharmaceutical staff decisively contributed to the obtaining of those good results.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Efetividade , Fármacos Anti-HIV/uso terapêutico , /métodos , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/tratamento farmacológico , Terapia Antirretroviral de Alta Atividade , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal en el Vicedecanato de Posgrado de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas No. 1 de Santiago de Cuba, durante el bienio 2007-2008, con el objetivo de analizar las características generales de la superación profesional, para lo cual se cuantificaron en cada período el número de actividades impartidas, según tipo, y el de profesionales capacitados. Entre los principales resultados se encontró un predominio de la ejecución de cursos en ambos años, particularmente con respecto a las actividades ofrecidas y los profesionales capacitados en el 2007. La categoría de instructor fue la de mayor cantidad de imparticiones y el número de profesionales matriculados o graduados de maestrías mostró un aumento considerable
A cross-sectional and descriptive study was carried out at the Posgraduate Vice-deanship of Medical College No 1 in Santiago de Cuba during the biennium 2007-2008, with the purpose of analyzing general characteristics of the professionals' training, thus quantifying in every period the number of activities by type and that of trained professionals. Among the main results, there was predominance of course implementation in both years, particularly with regard to the activities offered and the trained professionals in 2007. Most of courses were for the category of instructors and the number of registered professionals or master's graduates increased significantly
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Educação de Pós-Graduação , Programas de Pós-Graduação em Saúde , Capacitação Profissional , Universidades , Estudos Transversais , Epidemiologia DescritivaRESUMO
Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto de la introducción y el perfeccionamiento de la consulta de oftalmología en el área de salud Frank País García del municipio de Santiago de Cuba desde abril del 2008 hasta igual mes del 2009, teniendo en cuenta el proceso clínico y la accesibilidad a la consulta, tanto de pacientes como de personal sanitario. Método: Se realizó una investigación en sistemas y servicios de salud, para lo cual fueron seleccionados aleatoriamente y luego encuestados, 576 pacientes de un total de 3 047, sumados a todos los profesionales de la salud que laboraban en dicha consulta. Resultados: En el proceso clínico, de 17 indicadores analizados, solo 1 (5,9 por ciento) fue inadecuado, concerniente a la remisión de pacientes a la atención secundaria; en la accesibilidad, de 23 indicadores analizados, 3(13,1 por ciento) resultaron inadecuados: uso de los medios de difusión para información en salud visual, índice de casos detectados para cirugía y realización de actividades de superación en posgrado. Conclusiones: El impacto de la consulta de oftalmología fue positivo en sentido general, sin despreciar los elementos de insatisfacción obtenidos
Objective: To evaluate the impact of the introduction and improvement of the ophthalmology outpatient department in the health area Frank País García of Santiago de Cuba municipality from April 2008 to April 2009, taking into account the clinical process and accessibility to the outpatient department, from both patients and health personnel. Method: A research in health systems and services was conducted, for which 576 patients from a total of 3047 were randomly selected and then surveyed, together with all health professionals who worked in this department. Results: In the clinical process, of 17 indicators analyzed, only 1(5,9 per cent) was inappropriate, concerning the referral of patients to secondary care; in the accessibility, of 23 analyzed indicators, 3(13,1 per cent) were inappropriate: use of the media for information in eye health, rate of detected cases for surgery, and activities in posgraduate training. Conclusions: The impact of the ophthalmology outpatient department was positive in a general sense, without disregarding the elements of dissatisfaction obtained