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1.
Rev Med Liege ; 77(5-6): 285-288, 2022 May.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35657184

RESUMO

Asthma is the most prevalent chronic inflammatory airway disease worldwide. The gut microbiota possesses an important link with the development of the immunity in youth and a dysregulation of the gut flora was implicated in the asthmatic disease emergence. Moreover, a dysregulation of the intestinal microbiota exists in asthmatic individual. Probiotics are micro-organisms that can regulate our microbiome conferring potential beneficial effects on health. Thereby, their use in asthma prevention and treatment is attractive and could lead to new therapeutic perspectives. Indeed, they are well tolerated and safe and possess anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties. This article is intended to update the current state of knowledge regarding the use of probiotics in the context of asthma.


: L'asthme est la maladie respiratoire chronique inflammatoire la plus prévalente dans le monde. Le microbiote intestinal est reconnu pour être intimement lié avec le développement de l'immunité dans le jeune âge et un dérèglement de cette flore intestinale a été impliqué dans l'apparition de la maladie asthmatique. De plus, une dérégulation du microbiote existe chez l'individu asthmatique. Les probiotiques sont des micro-organismes qui peuvent réguler notre microbiome, conférant un effet bénéfique potentiel sur la santé. De ce fait, leur utilisation dans la prévention et la prise en charge de l'asthme est attractive et pourrait ouvrir de nouvelles perspectives thérapeutiques. En effet, les probiotiques sont très bien tolérés et présentent une grande sécurité d'emploi, tout en possédant des propriétés anti-inflammatoires et immunorégulatrices. Cet article permet de faire le point sur l'état actuel des connaissances quant à leur utilisation dans le cadre de l'asthme.


Assuntos
Asma , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Probióticos , Adolescente , Asma/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Probióticos/uso terapêutico
2.
Cytokine ; 140: 155421, 2021 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33486314

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Alarmins ((IL-25, IL-33 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP)) are known to promote Th2 inflammation and could be associated with eosinophilic airway infiltration. They may also play a role in airway remodeling in chronic airway obstructive diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). IL-23 and IL-36 were shown to mediate the neutrophilic airway inflammation as seen in chronic airway obstructive diseases. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this project was to determine the expression and the production of these cytokines from induced sputum (IS) in patients with chronic airway obstructive diseases including asthmatics and COPD. The relationship of the mediators with sputum inflammatory cellular profile and the severity of airway obstruction was assessed. METHODS: The alarmins (IL-25, IL-33 and TSLP) as well as IL-23 and IL-36 concentrations were measured in IS from 24 asthmatics and 20 COPD patients compared to 25 healthy volunteers. The cytokines were assessed by ELISA in the IS supernatant and by RT-qPCR in the IS cells. RESULTS: At protein level, no difference was observed between controls and patients suffering from airway obstructive diseases regarding the different mediators. IL-36 protein level was negatively correlated with sputum eosinophil and appeared significantly decreased in patients with an eosinophilic airway inflammation compared to those with a neutrophilic profile and controls. At gene level, only IL-36, IL-23 and TSLP were measurable but none differed between controls and patients with airway obstructive diseases. IL-36 and IL-23 were significantly increased in patients with an neutrophilic inflammatory profile compared to those with an eosinophilic inflammation and were correlated with sputum neutrophil proportions. None of the mediators were linked to airway obstruction. CONCLUSIONS: The main finding of our study is that patients with eosinophilic airway inflammation exhibited a reduced IL-36 level which could make them more susceptible to airway infections as IL-36 is implicated in antimicrobial defense. This study showed also an implication of IL-36 and IL-23 in airway neutrophilic inflammation in chronic airway obstructive diseases.


Assuntos
Citocinas/metabolismo , Eosinófilos/metabolismo , Interleucina-17/metabolismo , Interleucina-1/metabolismo , Interleucina-23/metabolismo , Interleucina-33/metabolismo , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/metabolismo , Asma/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Inflamação/metabolismo , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neutrófilos/metabolismo , Fenótipo , Escarro/metabolismo
3.
Rev Med Liege ; 76(3): 166-172, 2021 Mar.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33682385

RESUMO

Pulmonary fibrosis is a pathological entity still too little understood today, burdened with significant morbidity and mortality. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a complex diagnostic disease requiring a multidisciplinary approach and in some cases the performance of a lung biopsy. In addition, the early identification of the pathology remains the key in order to preserve lung function as much as possible. In this context and in view of the diagnostic difficulty, it seems essential to identify new biomarkers to help with the differential diagnosis, the evaluation of the prognosis and the response to treatment. In addition, the evolution of the pathology remaining inexorable despite anti-fibrotic treatments, it appears critical to be able to identify new potential therapeutic routes.


La fibrose pulmonaire est une entité pathologique de nos jours encore trop méconnue, grevée d'une morbi-mortalité importante. La fibrose pulmonaire idiopathique est une maladie de diagnostic complexe nécessitant une approche pluridisciplinaire et, dans certains cas, la réalisation d'une biopsie pulmonaire. De plus, l'identification précoce de la pathologie reste la clé afin de préserver au maximum la fonction pulmonaire. Dans ce contexte et devant la difficulté diagnostique, il semble primordial de pouvoir identifier de nouveaux biomarqueurs permettant d'apporter une aide au diagnostic différentiel, à l'évaluation du pronostic et à la réponse au traitement. De plus, l'évolution de la pathologie restant inexorable en dépit de traitements anti-fibrotiques, il apparaît comme critique de pouvoir identifier de nouvelles voies thérapeutiques potentielles.


Assuntos
Fibrose Pulmonar Idiopática , Biomarcadores , Biópsia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Fibrose Pulmonar Idiopática/diagnóstico , Fibrose Pulmonar Idiopática/terapia , Prognóstico
4.
Respir Res ; 21(1): 309, 2020 Nov 24.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33234132

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease COVID-19 has become a public health emergency of international concern. Together with the quest for an effective treatment, the question of the post-infectious evolution of affected patients in healing process remains uncertain. Krebs von den Lungen 6 (KL-6) is a high molecular weight mucin-like glycoprotein produced by type II pneumocytes and bronchial epithelial cells. Its production is raised during epithelial lesions and cellular regeneration. In COVID-19 infection, KL-6 serum levels could therefore be of interest for diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic response evaluation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our study retrospectively compared KL-6 levels between a cohort of 83 COVID-19 infected patients and two other groups: healthy subjects (n = 70) on one hand, and a heterogenous group of patients suffering from interstitial lung diseases (n = 31; composed of 16 IPF, 4 sarcoidosis, 11 others) on the other hand. Demographical, clinical and laboratory indexes were collected. Our study aims to compare KL-6 levels between a COVID-19 population and healthy subjects or patients suffering from interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). Ultimately, we ought to determine whether KL-6 could be a marker of disease severity and bad prognosis. RESULTS: Our results showed that serum KL-6 levels in COVID-19 patients were increased compared to healthy subjects, but to a lesser extent than in patients suffering from ILD. Increased levels of KL-6 in COVID-19 patients were associated with a more severe lung disease. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that KL-6 could be a good biomarker to assess ILD severity in COVID-19 infection. Concerning the therapeutic response prediction, more studies are necessary.


Assuntos
COVID-19/diagnóstico , Mucina-1/sangue , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Biomarcadores/sangue , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Humanos , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/diagnóstico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Índice de Gravidade de Doença
5.
Rev Med Liege ; 75(5-6): 344-349, 2020 May.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32496677

RESUMO

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare disease, characterized by a progressive increase in pulmonary arterial pressure. The therapeutic management of PAH patients has evolved significantly over the past decades following the appearance of new specific therapies, but also the performance of multiple clinical studies in an otherwise rare pathology. As a result, the care is very well codified and makes it possible to treat all patients at best. To date, we can cite four therapeutic families: endothelin receptor antagonists (ERA), drugs that interfere with the cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway such as phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5i) or the stimulator of soluble guanylate cyclase, prostacyclin analogues, and, finally, calcium antagonists. The therapeutic approach, formerly sequential, has proven to be insufficient in favor of an aggressive and rapidly progressive upfront therapeutic approach, making it possible to greatly improve the morbidity and mortality of patients. In this context, early management remains the most appropriate attitude and justifies recourse, from the first symptoms, to a competence center.


L'hypertension artérielle pulmonaire (HTAP) est une maladie rare, caractérisée par une majoration progressive de la pression artérielle pulmonaire. La prise en charge thérapeutique des patients en HTAP a fortement évolué dans les dernières décennies suite à l'apparition de nouvelles thérapeutiques spécifiques, mais également grâce à la réalisation de multiples études cliniques dans une pathologie par ailleurs rare. De ce fait, les prises en charge sont très bien codifiées et permettent de traiter, au mieux, l'ensemble des patients. A ce jour, nous pouvons citer quatre familles thérapeutiques : les antagonistes des récepteurs à l'endothéline (ERA), les médicaments interférant avec la voie de la guanosine monophosphate cyclique (GMPc) tels que les inhibiteurs de la phosphodiestérase de type 5 (PDE5i) ou le stimulateur de la guanylate cyclase soluble, les analogues aux prostacyclines, et, enfin, les antagonistes calciques. L'approche thérapeutique, anciennement séquentielle associant progressivement plusieurs thérapeutiques, s'est avérée insuffisante au profit d'une approche thérapeutique agressive et rapidement progressive, permettant d'améliorer fortement la morbi-mortalité des patients. Dans ce contexte, une prise en charge précoce reste l'attitude la plus appropriée et justifie un recours, dès les premiers symptômes, à un centre de compétence.


Assuntos
Hipertensão Pulmonar , Hipertensão Arterial Pulmonar , Antagonistas dos Receptores de Endotelina , Humanos , Inibidores da Fosfodiesterase 5 , Artéria Pulmonar
6.
Rev Med Liege ; 75(S1): 81-85, 2020.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33211427

RESUMO

In the course of the pandemic induced by the appearance of a new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19) causing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), we had to rethink the diagnostic approach for patients suffering from respiratory symptoms. Indeed, although the use of RT-PCR remains the keystone of the diagnosis, the delay in diagnosis as well as the overload of the microbiological platforms have led us to make almost systematic the use of thoracic imaging for taking in charge of patients. In this context, thoracic imaging has shown a major interest in diagnostic aid in order to better guide the management of patients admitted to hospital. The most common signs encountered are particularly well described in thoracic computed tomography. Typical imaging combines bilateral, predominantly peripheral and posterior, multi-lobar, ground glass opacities. Of note, it is common to identify significant lesions in asymptomatic patients, with imaging sometimes preceding the onset of symptoms. Beyond conventional chest imaging, many teams have developed new artificial intelligence tools to better help clinicians in decision-making.


Dans le décours de la pandémie induite par l'apparition d'un nouveau coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19) à l'origine d'un syndrome de détresse respiratoire aigu (SDRA), nous avons dû repenser l'approche diagnostique des patients souffrant de symptômes respiratoires. En effet, bien que l'usage de la RT-PCR reste la clé de voûte du diagnostic, le retard de diagnostic ainsi que la surcharge des plateformes microbiologiques nous ont menés à rendre quasi systématique l'usage de l'imagerie thoracique pour la prise en charge des patients. L'imagerie thoracique a démontré, dans ce contexte, un intérêt majeur dans l'aide au diagnostic afin d'orienter, au mieux, la prise en charge des patients admis à l'hôpital. Les signes les plus couramment rencontrés sont particulièrement bien décrits en tomodensitométrie thoracique. L'imagerie typique associe des lésions en verre dépoli bilatérales, multi-lobaires, à prédominance périphérique et postérieure. Il est classique d'identifier des lésions significatives chez des patients asymptomatiques, l'imagerie précédant parfois l'apparition de symptômes. Au-delà de l'imagerie thoracique conventionnelle, de nombreuses équipes ont développé de nouveaux outils d'intelligence artificielle afin d'aider, au mieux, les cliniciens dans la prise de décisions.


Assuntos
Inteligência Artificial , Betacoronavirus , Infecções por Coronavirus , Pandemias , Pneumonia Viral , COVID-19 , Humanos , SARS-CoV-2
7.
Rev Med Liege ; 74(1): 47-53, 2019 Jan.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30680974

RESUMO

Interstitial lung diseases (ILD) are a part of a vast and heterogeneous clinicopathological entity. The work-up have to rule out a granulomatosis or a secondary cause, before making the diagnosis of an idiopathic ILD. The etiological diagnosis is based on a multidisciplinary approach integrating a network of clinical and paraclinical datas. If the diagnosis remains unclear, a lung biopsy is suggested with a transbronchial approach (mainly cryobiopsy) or with a surgical approach (video-assisted thoracoscopy). This review article mainly describes the biological analyses that contribute to explore ILDs.


Les pathologies infiltrantes diffuses pulmonaires (PID) font partie d'une entité clinico-pathologique vaste et hétérogène. L'enjeu de la mise au point est d'exclure une granulomatose ou une étiologie secondaire, qu'elle soit de cause connue ou inconnue, avant de conclure à une PID idiopathique. Le diagnostic étiologique repose sur une approche multidisciplinaire intégrant un faisceau d'arguments issus de l'évaluation clinique et paraclinique. En cas de doute diagnostique, une biopsie pulmonaire est proposée par voie endotrachéale de type cryobiopsie ou par voie chirurgicale vidéo-assistée. Cette revue de littérature met principalement en exergue les éléments à rechercher d'un point de vue biologique chez un patient atteint d'une PID.


Assuntos
Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/diagnóstico , Anticorpos/sangue , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Pulmão/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X
8.
Rev Med Liege ; 74(3): 139-145, 2019 Mar.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30897313

RESUMO

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare vascular lung disease with a complex etiopathogeny characterized by an increased pulmonary arterial pressure of 25 mmHg or above assessed by right heart catheterization. The diagnosis is difficult due to the atypical presentation with shortness of breath requiring a sequential approach bringing at the end the clinician to perform a right heart catheterization. Nowadays, several therapies have proven to be efficient for treating PAH. Recently, international recommendations have moved to an initial combination therapy reducing the overall morbi-mortality of the patients. Therefore, early therapy appears to be a priority in PAH underlying the need for increasing the global knowledge around PAH.


L'hypertension artérielle pulmonaire (HTAP) est une maladie rare, rapidement évolutive et associée à une morbi-mortalité élevée. D'étiopathogénie pléomorphe, elle est définie par une majoration de la pression artérielle pulmonaire moyenne (PAPm) à une valeur supérieure ou égale à 25 mmHg, mesurée par cathétérisme cardiaque droit, sans majoration de la pression capillaire pulmonaire (PCP) ou pression artérielle pulmonaire occluse (PAPo), en l'absence de causes cardiaques et/ou respiratoires. Le diagnostic est rendu difficile par la présentation insidieuse et le caractère aspécifique des symptômes de la maladie. L'approche diagnostique est basée sur une suspicion échocardiographique et clinique, puis une approche séquentielle nécessitant, in fine, une mesure hémodynamique invasive. Au fil des dernières années, de nouvelles thérapeutiques ont été développées pour traiter l'HTAP. La stratégie actuelle recommande l'utilisation de combinaisons médicamenteuses dès que le diagnostic est établi. Dans ce contexte et au vu de l'impact significatif sur la morbi-mortalité des patients souffrant d'HTAP, il apparaît primordial d'instaurer au plus vite une thérapeutique spécifique dès la réalisation du diagnostic.


Assuntos
Hipertensão Pulmonar , Cateterismo Cardíaco , Humanos , Hipertensão Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Hipertensão Pulmonar/terapia
9.
Rev Med Liege ; 74(2): 90-94, 2019 Feb.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30793562

RESUMO

Pulmonary artery aneurysm is a rare and multiform pathology related to multiple etiologies and therefore different pathophysiological mechanisms. Delineating homogenous sub-groups is a pre-requisite to refine medico-surgical management. The case of a giant PAA without pulmonary hypertension but associated to a dysplastic pulmonary valve is reported. This association could be in some instances the result of a congenital anomaly in the development of both the pulmonary valve and the root creating the conditions for further development of a pulmonary artery aneurysm. Whilst minor forms are usually asymptomatic, they can lead to lethal complications in huge sizes and are frequently associated via pulmonary valve insufficiency to right ventricular dysfunction. This specific association is discussed and a diagnostic algorithm for nosologic classification and management is proposed.


L'anévrysme de l'artère pulmonaire est une pathologie rare, qui répond à de multiples étiologies et autant de physiopathologies différentes. L'identification de sous-groupes constituant des entités cliniques homogènes est un prérequis pour préciser la prise en charge médico-chirurgicale optimale. Nous rapportons un cas d'anévrysme géant de l'artère pulmonaire principale, sans hypertension artérielle pulmonaire, mais associé à une dysplasie/dysfonction de la valve pulmonaire. Cette association pourrait être, dans certains cas, congénitale et liée à une anomalie de la morphogénèse de la valve et de la racine pulmonaire, association qui crée les conditions pour le développement d'un anévrysme. Asymptomatiques dans les formes mineures, les anévrysmes pulmonaires peuvent être causes de symptômes ou de complications gravissimes dans les formes très développées et entraînent souvent, par insuffisance pulmonaire, une dysfonction ventriculaire droite. Nous suggérons une classification claire de cette pathologie mal connue et, sur base de la littérature et de notre expérience personnelle, nous proposons un algorithme de prise en charge médico-chirurgicale.


Assuntos
Algoritmos , Aneurisma , Artéria Pulmonar , Aneurisma/diagnóstico , Aneurisma/terapia , Humanos
10.
Rev Med Liege ; 74(10): 514-520, 2019 Oct.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31609554

RESUMO

Since its first description in 1967, a lot of progress has been made in understanding the pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This nosological entity is based on the appearance of a diffuse alveolar damage associating pulmonary epithelial barrier disruption with an alveolar filling, both responsible of profound hypoxemia and important morbi-mortality. Nowadays, ARDS remains a frequent syndrome, associated with various etiologies. Diagnosis is based on the occurrence of acute hypoxic respiratory failure not explained by cardiac insufficiency or volume overload, within 7 days after a recognized risk factor, and in the presence of bilateral pulmonary opacities not fully explained by effusions, atelectasis or nodules on the chest radiography. Survivors present an increased risk of developing cognitive decline, depression, post-traumatic stress, and typical ICU related side-effects such as polyneuropathy and sarcopenia. In this context and not withstanding significant recent progress in the field of mechanical ventilation and extra-corporeal respiratory assistance, early diagnosis remains essential to identify patients with ARDS in order to offer them the most appropriate therapy.


Depuis sa première description en 1967, des progrès majeurs ont été réalisés dans la compréhension de la physiopathologie, le diagnostic et la prise en charge du syndrome de détresse respiratoire aiguë (SDRA). Cette entité nosologique repose sur l'apparition d'un dommage alvéolaire diffus associant une rupture de la barrière épithéliale pulmonaire avec un comblement alvéolaire à l'origine d'une hypoxémie profonde. De nos jours, le SDRA reste un syndrome fréquent, grevé d'une mortalité élevée, et prenant source dans de multiples situations pathologiques. Le diagnostic du SDRA repose sur l'apparition d'une insuffisance respiratoire aiguë hypoxique non expliquée par une insuffisance cardiaque ou une surcharge volémique, dans un délai de 7 jours suivant l'apparition d'un facteur de risque reconnu, en présence d'opacités pulmonaires bilatérales non complètement expliquées par des épanchements, des atélectasies ou des nodules. Les survivants sont à haut risque de développer un déclin cognitif, une dépression, ou un stress post-traumatique en plus des effets secondaires classiques d'une longue hospitalisation en unité de soins intensifs que sont la polyneuropathie ou la sarcopénie. Dans ce contexte, et en dépit de progrès importants dans le domaine de la ventilation mécanique et de l'assistance respiratoire par circulation extra-corporelle, il reste primordial d'identifier précocement les patients souffrant de SDRA afin de leur proposer la thérapeutique la plus appropriée dès les premiers signes cliniques.


Assuntos
Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório , Humanos , Hipóxia , Respiração Artificial , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório/diagnóstico , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório/terapia , Fatores de Risco
11.
Rev Med Liege ; 73(9): 480-484, 2018 Sep.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30188035

RESUMO

Single-inhaler triple therapy in extrafine solution combining an inhaled corticostéroid (ICS), the dipropionate of beclométasone, a long acting ß2-agonist (LABA), the fumarate of formoterol and an long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA), the bromide of glycopyrronium, was developed for the treatment of the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Trimbow® is the first triple therapy in spray with fixed dose and containing 3 pharmacological agents (LABA-LAMA-ICS). Clinical trials show that Trimbow® improves numerous parameters such as the respiratory function, the quality of life, the symptoms and the rate of moderate to severe exacerbations while being tolerated well. These results justify its use in severe and very severe COPD with exacerbations in spite of treatment by LABA-LAMA or LABA-ICS. In this article, we present a brief synthesis of the main recent clinical trials on Trimbow®, its comparison with other pharmacological agents/associations regularly used in the treatment of COPD, as well as some practical information on its use in routine.


Une triple association fixe en solution extrafine comprenant un corticostéroïde inhalé (CSI), le dipropionate de béclométasone, un ?2-agoniste à effet prolongé (LABA), le fumarate de formotérol, et un antagoniste muscarinique à action prolongée (LAMA), le bromure de glycopyrronium, a été développée pour le traitement de la broncho-pneumopathie chronique obstructive (BPCO). Le Trimbow® est ainsi la première trithérapie en aérosol à dose fixe et contenant trois agents pharmacologiques (LABA-LAMA-CSI). Les études cliniques montrent que le Trimbow® améliore de nombreux paramètres tels que la fonction respiratoire, la qualité de vie, les symptômes et le taux d'exacerbations modérées à sévères, tout en étant bien toléré. Ces résultats justifient son utilisation dans la BPCO sévère à très sévère, avec exacerbations en dépit d'un traitement par LABA-LAMA ou LABA-CSI. Dans cet article, nous présentons une brève synthèse des principales études cliniques récentes sur le Trimbow®, sa comparaison avec d'autres agents/associations pharmacologiques régulièrement utilisés dans le traitement de la BPCO, ainsi que quelques informations pratiques sur son utilisation en routine.


Assuntos
Agonistas de Receptores Adrenérgicos beta 2/administração & dosagem , Broncodilatadores/administração & dosagem , Glucocorticoides/administração & dosagem , Antagonistas Muscarínicos/administração & dosagem , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Administração por Inalação , Combinação de Medicamentos , Humanos
12.
Rev Med Liege ; 73(7-8): 370-375, 2018 Jul.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30113776

RESUMO

Antisynthetase syndrome is a clinical entity characterized by specific anti-aminoacyl-tRNA-synthetase antibodies usually associated with inflammatory myopathy and interstitial lung disease. The classic presentation of the pathology is the pulmonary interstitium involvment, wich commonly determines the global prognosis. The subsequent diagnosis of antisynthetase syndrome in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is unusual, even more so when a veino-veinous (VV) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is required. This article presents a clinical case of antisynthetase syndrome with severe ARDS successfully treated with immunosuppressive agents and ECMO.


Le syndrome des antisynthétases (SAS) est une pathologie multi-systémique auto-immune rare caractérisée par un trépied diagnostique associant la présence d'auto-anticorps anti-aminoacyl-ARNt synthétase, une myopathie inflammatoire et une pneumopathie interstitielle diffuse. L'atteinte pulmonaire parenchymateuse est la plus fréquemment rencontrée et détermine, de manière presque systématique, le pronostic global de la pathologie. L'identification d'un syndrome des antisynthétases dans le décours d'un syndrome de détresse respiratoire aigüe (SDRA) est rare, d'autant plus lorsque la mise en place d'un système d'oxygénation par membrane extracorporelle (ECMO) veino-veineuse (VV) est requise. Cet article présente un cas de SAS avec SDRA sévère, traité avec succès par immunosuppresseurs et ECMO.


Assuntos
Miosite/diagnóstico , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório/diagnóstico , Adulto , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Oxigenação por Membrana Extracorpórea , Feminino , Humanos , Miosite/complicações , Miosite/terapia , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório/etiologia , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório/terapia
13.
Rev Med Liege ; 73(3): 147-155, 2018 Mar.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29595014

RESUMO

Interstitial lung diseases represent a very heterogeneous group of diseases mainly affecting connective lung tissue even if alveolar space may sometimes be involved. The identification of their etiology is the key stage in their management. It requires the integration of anamnestic, clinical, biological, radiological data and, sometimes relies on, cytology or histology. In this review, we assess the contribution and feasibility of the different invasive techniques used for interstitial lung disease diagnosis. In particular we focus on the yield of lung endoscopy in casting light on the multidisciplinary confrontation, which is the gold standard of the interstitial lung disease care management.


Les pneumopathies interstitielles diffuses constituent un groupe très hétérogène de pathologies respiratoires qui affectent le parenchyme pulmonaire et qui se manifestent radiologiquement par des opacités interstitielles, même si une atteinte alvéolaire peut y être associée. L'identification de leur étiopathologie constitue une étape clé dans leur prise en charge thérapeutique. Elle nécessite l'intégration de données anamnestiques, cliniques, biologiques, radiologiques et parfois cyto/histologiques. Le but de cette revue est de préciser l'apport respectif et la faisabilité des diverses techniques semi-invasives et invasives d'exploration d'une pneumopathie interstitielle diffuse. En particulier, l'endoscopie pulmonaire fournit des éléments qui permettent d'éclairer la confrontation multidisciplinaire, cette dernière étant le gold standard de la prise en charge de ces pneumopathies.


Assuntos
Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/diagnóstico , Algoritmos , Biópsia/métodos , Lavagem Broncoalveolar , Endoscopia , Humanos , Toracoscopia
14.
Rev Med Liege ; 72(7-8): 340-343, 2017 Jul.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28795545

RESUMO

The prevalence of nocardia infections is increasing because of both improved detection laboratory techniques and a higher number of immunosuppressed patients. We report the case of a patient with brain abcesses resulting from nocardia farcinica cerebral dissemination associated with lung infection, endocarditis and ocular lesions for which we suspected a similar origin. This case gives the opportunity to discuss the main issues of these infections and the current therapeutic guidelines.


La prévalence des infections à nocardia est en augmentation depuis plusieurs années en raison, d'une part, de l'amélioration des techniques de détection de ces germes en laboratoire et, d'autre part, d'un nombre accru de patients immunodéprimés. Nous rapportons ici l'histoire d'un patient porteur d'une infection multifocale à Nocardia Farcinica associant des abcès cérébraux, une infection pulmonaire, une endocardite et une atteinte ophtalmique. Ce cas permet de discuter les principales caractéristiques de ces infections, ainsi que les recommandations thérapeutiques actuelles.


Assuntos
Abscesso Encefálico/microbiologia , Nocardiose/diagnóstico , Humanos , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , Imunossupressores/efeitos adversos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
15.
Rev Med Liege ; 72(9): 381-383, 2017 Sep.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28892311

RESUMO

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a rare disorder of unknown origin, which is associated with a high mortality and whose incidence has been increasing for several years. Nowadays there are two anti-fibrotic therapies (pirfenidone - nintedanib) known to reduce significantly the decline in respiratory function tests of patients suffering from this condition. The only curative therapeutic option remains the pulmonary transplantation whose accessibility remains limited. Pulmonary rehabilitation is also central in the treatment of patients. A major challenge for patients remains early and aggressive management to reduce as early as possible the evolution towards severe pulmonary fibrosis.


La fibrose pulmonaire idiopathique (FPI) est une maladie rare d'étiopathogénie encore mal connue et d'incidence croissante depuis plusieurs années. La mise récente sur le marché de deux traitements anti-fibrotiques (pirfénidone ­ nintédanib) a permis de réduire, de manière significative, le déclin de la fonction respiratoire des patients souffrant de cette pathologie. La seule option thérapeutique à visée curative est la transplantation pulmonaire ont l'accessibilité reste limitée. La revalidation pulmonaire est, quant à elle, également centrale dans la prise en charge. L'enjeu majeur pour ces patients est une prise en charge précoce et agressive afin de limiter l'évolution de la fibrose pulmonaire.


Assuntos
Fibrose Pulmonar Idiopática/terapia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Progressão da Doença , Humanos , Fibrose Pulmonar Idiopática/diagnóstico , Fenótipo
16.
BMC Pulm Med ; 16(1): 86, 2016 May 23.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27215343

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic lung disorder of unknown origin, which ultimately leads to death. Several growth factors such as IGFs (insulin-like-growth factor) and IGFBPs (insulin like growth factor binding proteins) seem to take part to the pathogenesis. We evaluated IGFs and IGFBPs in serum from patients with IPF and healthy subjects including 24 untreated IPF and 26 IPF receiving anti-fibrotic therapy and to compare them with healthy subjects. METHODS: Serum of 50 idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and 55 healthy subjects (HS) were analysed by ELISA for IGFs and IGFBPs, TGF-ß and KL-6, the latter being tested as positive control in IPF. RESULTS: Serum levels of IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-2 and KL-6 were significantly higher in the IPF group than in the healthy subjects (p < 0.05, p < 0.001 and p < 0.0001 respectively) while the picture was inversed regarding IGFs. By contrast there was no significant difference between the groups with respect to TGF-ß. IGFBP-2 was significantly reduced in the patients with specific anti-fibrotic therapy pirfenidone and nintedanib compared to untreated patients (p < 0.05) but still significantly elevated in comparison to HS (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Serum IGFBP-1 and -2 are increased in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and IGFBP-2 may be reduced by anti-fibrosing therapy. IGFBPs may be promising biomarkers in IPF.


Assuntos
Fibrose Pulmonar Idiopática/sangue , Proteína 1 de Ligação a Fator de Crescimento Semelhante à Insulina/sangue , Proteína 2 de Ligação a Fator de Crescimento Semelhante à Insulina/sangue , Mucina-1/sangue , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Bélgica , Biomarcadores/sangue , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Humanos , Fibrose Pulmonar Idiopática/tratamento farmacológico , Indóis/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Piridonas/uso terapêutico
17.
Rev Med Liege ; 71(11): 488-494, 2016 Nov.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28387104

RESUMO

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is traditionally associated with polycythemia which results from chronic hypoxemia. Nevertheless, recent studies have shown that anemia may be more frequent than expected in patients with COPD. In this retrospective study, we investigated the prevalence of hemoglobin disorders in a cohort of 100 patients with stable, moderate to severe COPD (II to IV GOLD classification). We identified 31 % patients with anemia while only 15 % had polycythemia. Anemia was more frequent in male patients. We also demonstrated a negative correlation between hemoglobin and CRP levels (R=-0.56, p inferior to 0.0001). COPD patients with anemia had experienced a higher rate of hospitalizations for exacerbation in the previous year than those with polycythemia (p inferior to 0.05). Anemia is a frequent comorbidity in COPD; it is associated with systemic inflammation and a propensity to hospitalization for exacerbation.


Il est classiquement rapporté qu'une polycythémie survient en réponse à une hypoxémie chez les patients souffrant de BronchoPneumopathie Chronique Obstructive (BPCO) sévère. Néanmoins, certaines données récentes ont souligné la présence d'une anémie dans une proportion non négligeable de cas. Nous avons évalué, dans une étude rétrospective, la prévalence des troubles de l'érythropoïèse au sein d'une cohorte de 100 patients BPCO stables (de stades II à IV selon la classification de GOLD). Une anémie était présente chez 31 % de ces sujets tandis qu'une polycythémie était retrouvée dans 15 % des cas. L'anémie était plus souvent observée dans le sexe masculin. Une corrélation inverse existait entre le taux d'hémoglobine et la CRP (r = - 0,56, p inférieur à 0,0001). Les patients BPCO avec anémie avaient été plus souvent hospitalisés pour exacerbation au cours de l'année précédente (p inférieur à 0,05). L'anémie est plus fréquente que la polycythémie chez le patient BPCO sévère; elle est associée à une inflammation systémique et à une tendance accrue aux hospitalisations pour exacerbation.

18.
Acta Anaesthesiol Scand ; 59(4): 448-56, 2015 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25736472

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Protective lung ventilation is recommended in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) to minimize additional injuries to the lung. However, hypercapnic acidosis resulting from ventilation at lower tidal volume enhances pulmonary hypertension and might induce right ventricular (RV) failure. We investigated if extracorporeal veno-venous CO2 removal therapy could have beneficial effects on pulmonary circulation and RV function. METHODS: This study was performed on an experimental model of ARDS obtained in eight anaesthetized pigs connected to a volume-cycled ventilator. A micromanometer-tipped catheter was inserted into the main pulmonary artery and an admittance micromanometer-tipped catheter was inserted into the right ventricle. RV-arterial coupling was derived from RV pressure-volume loops. ARDS was obtained by repeated bronchoalveolar lavage. Protective ventilation was then achieved, and the pigs were connected to a pump-driven extracorporeal membrane oxygenator (PALP, Maquet, Germany) in order to achieve CO2 removal. RESULTS: ARDS induced severe hypercapnic acidosis. Systolic pulmonary artery pressure significantly increased from 29.6±1.8 to 43.9±2.0 mmHg (P<0.001). After the PALP was started, acidosis was corrected and normocarbia was maintained despite protective ventilation. Pulmonary artery pressure significantly decreased to 31.6±3.2 mmHg (P<0.001) and RV-arterial coupling significantly improved (RV-arterial coupling index=1.03±0.33 vs. 0.55±0.41, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Veno-venous CO2 removal therapy enabled protective ventilation while maintaining normocarbia during ARDS. CO2 removal decreased pulmonary hypertension and improved RV function. This technique may be an effective lung- and RV-protective adjunct to mechanical ventilation.


Assuntos
Dióxido de Carbono/sangue , Oxigenação por Membrana Extracorpórea/métodos , Circulação Pulmonar , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório/fisiopatologia , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório/terapia , Acidose/etiologia , Anestesia , Animais , Líquido da Lavagem Broncoalveolar , Pressão Propulsora Pulmonar , Respiração Artificial/métodos , Suínos , Resistência Vascular
19.
Rev Med Liege ; 70(2): 73-7, 2015 Feb.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26011991

RESUMO

We report two cases of lipidic pleural effusion: an arthritis-associated pseudochylothorax and a chylous pleural effusion in a HIV seropositive patient. The incidence of lipidic pleural effusions is low, especially for pseudochylothorax. We review their clinical characteristics and management.


Assuntos
Quilotórax/diagnóstico , Derrame Pleural/diagnóstico , Idoso , Artrite Reumatoide/complicações , Artrite Reumatoide/diagnóstico , Quilotórax/diagnóstico por imagem , Quilotórax/etiologia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Soropositividade para HIV/complicações , Humanos , Masculino , Derrame Pleural/diagnóstico por imagem , Derrame Pleural/etiologia , Radiografia Torácica , Toracoscopia , Adulto Jovem
20.
Rev Med Liege ; 69(11): 605-10, 2014 Nov.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25796773

RESUMO

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is one of the multiple pathologies included in the large family of diffuse interstitial parenchymal lung diseases (IPD). The latter represent a large group of about 200 different diseases, most of which are orphan diseases. Recently, some new therapeutic options have appeared that require an early and accurate diagnosis of pulmonary fibrosis.


Assuntos
Fibrose Pulmonar Idiopática , Diagnóstico por Imagem/métodos , Progressão da Doença , Humanos , Fibrose Pulmonar Idiopática/diagnóstico , Fibrose Pulmonar Idiopática/etiologia , Fibrose Pulmonar Idiopática/terapia
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