Hyper-Cross-Linked Resin Modified by a Micropore Polymer for Gas Adsorption and Separation.

Polymerization confined to the pore was first adapted for the nanoscale structure adjustment of adsorption resin. The self-cross-linked polymer (P-1) formed in the pore of hyper-cross-linked resin (HR) by the Friedel-Crafts reaction of p-dichloroxylene (p-DCX), occupying the macropore of the HR resin and bringing about an external micropore. Compared with the raw HR resin, the volume of the micropore of HR@P-1 in 0.4 < D < 1 nm increased but the volume of the macropore has obviously decreased. After the loading of P-1 in the nanopore of HR, HR@P-1 has better gas adsorption performance. At 298 and 100 KPa, the adsorption capacity of CO2 is almost 30% higher than that of HR, reaching 35.7 cm3/g, due to the increase in the smaller micropore volume. Moreover, HR@P-1 has also been found to be the first C2H6-selective adsorption resin. The uptake of C2H6 is up to 56 cm3/g, and the IAST selectivity of C2H6/CH4 reaches 15.3. HR@P-1 can also separate syngas efficiently at ambient temperature and be regenerated by simple vacuum operation.

A dual ultra-broadband switchable high-performance terahertz absorber based on hybrid graphene and vanadium dioxide.

A tunable dual broadband switchable terahertz absorber based on vanadium dioxide and graphene is proposed. The tunability of graphene and the phase transition properties of vanadium dioxide are used to switch broadband absorption between low-frequency and high-frequency, as well as the absorption rate tuning function. The simulation results indicate that when vanadium dioxide is in the insulating phase and the graphene Fermi energy is 0.7 eV, the absorber achieves low-frequency broadband absorption within the range of 2.6-4.2 THz with an absorptance greater than 90%; when vanadium dioxide is in the metallic phase and the graphene Fermi energy is 0 eV, the absorber achieves high-frequency broadband absorption within the range of 4.9-10 THz with an absorptance greater than 90%. Furthermore, the absorptance can be tuned by adjusting the conductivity of vanadium dioxide or the Fermi energy of graphene. Due to the central symmetry of the proposed structure, the absorber is completely insensitive to polarization. For TE and TM polarized waves, both low and high-frequency broadband absorption are maintained over a range of incident angles from 0° to 50°. The simple structure, tunable absorption rate, insensitivity to polarization angle and incident angle properties are advantages of our proposed absorber. It has broad application prospects in adjustable filters and electromagnetic shielding.

Extraction of Eucommia ulmoides gum and microbial lipid from Eucommia ulmoides Oliver leaves by dilute acid hydrolysis.

OBJECTIVES: Eucommia ulmoides gum (EUG) is an important natural biomass rubber material, which is usually extracted from Eucommia ulmoides Oliver (EUO). In the extraction process of EUG, pretreatment is the most important step which can efficiently damage EUG-containing cell wall and improve yield of EUG. RESULTS: The FT-IR, XRD, DSC and TG results showed that the thermal properties and structure of the EUG from the dilute acids hydrolysis residue are similar with that of the EUG directly extracted from EUO leaves (EUGD). EUO leaves hydrolysis with AA had the highest EUG yield (16.1%), which was higher than the EUGD yield (9.5%). In the case of the EUO leaves hydrolysis with 0.33 ~ 0.67 wt% of acetic acid (AA), the total sugar was stable in the range of 26.82-27.67 g/L. Furthermore, the EUO leaves acid hydrolysate (AA as reagent) was used as carbon sources for lipid-producing fermentation by Rhodosporidium toruloides. After 120 h of fermentation, the biomass, lipid content and lipid yield were 12.13 g/L, 30.16% and 3.64 g/L, respectively. The fermentation results indicated organic acids were no toxic for Rhodosporidium toruloides and the AA also could be used as carbon source for fermentation.

Systematic review: risk prediction models for recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation.

Recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after liver transplantation (LT) is a significant clinical problem associated with poor surgical outcomes. This study aims to summarize the current evidence on risk prediction models of HCC recurrence after LT. PubMed and EMBASE were searched to May 25, 2019, for relevant articles. Studies originally designed to develop or validate a risk prediction model for HCC recurrence after LT were included. Two independent authors summarized the study characteristics and evaluated the risk of bias and applicability concerns in the included studies. From 26 included studies, 18 original risk prediction models were determined, but only five models were externally validated. The average number of predictors involved in the construction of risk models was three. The most frequently employed predictors were alpha-fetoprotein, tumor size, vascular invasion, tumor number, tumor differentiation, and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio. Most studies showed good discriminatory performance (AUC >0.75). The overall quality of the included studies was generally low. Most of the original models lacked the highly recommended external and prospective validation in diverse populations. The AFP model was the well-validated preoperative risk model that can stratify patients into high- and low-risk groups.

[Usage status of salt control spoon and influencing factors among students' caregivers of four cities in China in 2014].

OBJECTIVE: To analysis the usage status of salt control spoon and explore its influencing factors among student caregivers of four cities. METHODS: The data of 2014 salt knowledge, attitude, practice(KAP) survey among urban residents in China was used, which a total of 12 848 student caregivers(male 4862, female 7986) were recruited from Guangzhou, Wuhan, Chengdu and Shenyang by stratified random cluster sampling method. A self-filling questionnaire survey was used to collect information about knowledge of salt and usage of salt control spoon. Logistic regression model was used to explore influencing factors of salt control spoon usage effected by gender, education level, family income, salt related knowledge, etc. . RESULTS: The proportion of student caregivers who didn't know salt control spoon was 33. 3%, and 41. 9% of them knew salt control spoon but hadn't it. Only 24. 8% of them have heard of salt control spoon and had it at home. The proportion of having not heard salt control spoon among Wuhan, male, junior high school and below, other occupation and low family income group was higher than other groups. The proportion of having salt control spoon of groups in Guangzhou, female, high school and above, professional technical and clerical personnel, high family income was higher than other groups, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0. 01). Among the student caregivers having salt control spoon, the proportion of did not used salt control spoon, used it occasionally or used it without controlling the quantity and used it often and controlled the quantity was 10. 0%, 60. 6% and 29. 5%, respectively. The student caregivers of Shenyang, male, high family income groups used salt control spoon and controlled the quantity more often than the other groups, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0. 05). As shown in multivariate logistic regression analysis, the OR(95%CI) of high school and above, high income level, knowing the recommended intake of salt, knowing that high salt diet can cause high blood pressure on the influence of having salt control spoon was 1. 328(1. 221-1. 445), 1. 268(1. 029-1. 563), 1. 243(1. 145-1. 348)and 0. 838(0. 763-0. 921), respectively. Among the student caregivers who having salt control spoon, the OR(95%CI) of knowing the recommended intake of salt, knowing that high salt diet can cause high blood pressure, and source of salt control spoon(community/unit, friends/relatives) on the influence of using salt control spoon was 1. 473(1. 259-1. 722), 1. 249(1. 040-1. 501)and 0. 505(0. 415-0. 615)/0. 603(0. 441-0. 823), respectively. CONCLUSION: There still existed lower proportion of awareness and usage of salt control spoon.

[Salt intake knowledge and behavior among school teachers in four Chinese cities in 2014].

OBJECTIVE: To learn the knowledge level on "salt and health", and analyze the influence on related behavior among school teachers in four Chinese cities. METHODS: The data of 2014 salt KAP among urban residents in China was used, with stratified random cluster sampling, a total of 2518(male 708, female 1810) school teachers were selected from four cities of China, including Shenyang, Wuhan, Chengdu and Guangzhou city. Self-filled questionnaire was used to collect the information on the salt intake knowledge and behavior. The statistical software package SAS version 9. 4 was used for data analysis. RESULTS: Among the teachers in four Chinese cities, about 50. 9% of them knew the recommendation of salt intake, about 66. 6% of them knew sodium in the salt may influence health. Approximately 85. 3% of them knew eating long-term salty food may cause hypertension. The proportions of knowing salt intake among female, 40 years and older, below the undergraduate, higher family income teachers were higher than their counterparts(P<0. 05). The proportions of knowing the health influence of sodium among female, higher family income teachers were higher than their counterparts(P<0. 05). The proportions of knowing that eating long-term salty food may cause hypertension among female, undergraduate and above, higher family income teachers were higher than their counterparts(P<0. 05). About 80. 1% of them knew the nutrition labeling on the package food, about 19. 7% of them knew the nutrition labeling contents. Teachers utilized nutrition labeling differently owing to their knowledge on the labeling contents(P<0. 05). In the past three months, about 21. 4% of the teachers always use low-sodium salt when cooking, only 4. 2% of them always control their family's salt intake by using salt control spoon, about 25. 4% of them always choose low-sodium food when purchasing, only 15. 1% of the teachers requested the meals cooked lightly when eating out. The proportions of teachers who used low-sodium salt among female, higher family income, knowing salt intake recommended, knowing the health influence of sodium, knowing that long-term salty food may cause hypertension, active learning related knowledge, family members suffering from hypertension were higher than their counterparts(P<0. 05). The proportions of using salt control spoon among teachers under Bachelor's degree, active learning related knowledge were higher than their counterparts(P<0. 05). The proportions of teachers purchasing low-sodium food among 40 years and older, under Bachelor's degree, higher family income, knowing salt intake recommended, knowing the health influence of sodium, knowing that long-term salty food may cause hypertension, family members not suffering from hypertension, active learning related knowledge were higher than their counterparts(P<0. 05). The proportions of teachers requesting the meals cooked slightly when eating-out among 40 years and older, under Bachelor's degree, not knowing salt intake recommended, not knowing that long-term salty food may cause hypertension, not knowing if their family members suffered from hypertension, active learning related knowledge were higher than their counterparts(P<0. 05). The teachers consumed soy sauce, bean paste, fried bread stick differently owing to their knowledge about this(P<0. 05). CONCLUSION: The teachers in the four cities have grasped some knowledge on salt and health, but their related behaviors should be improved to reduce the salt intake.

Crenolanib-Derived Probes Suitable for Cell- and Tissue-Based Protein Profiling and Single-Cell Imaging.

Crenolanib (CP-868,596), a potent inhibitor of FLT3 and PDGFRα/ß, is currently under phase III clinical investigation for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. However, the protein targets of Crenolanib in cancer cells remain obscure, which results in difficulties in understanding the mechanism of actions and side effects. To alleviate this issue, in this study, a photoaffinity probe and two fluorescent probes were created based on Crenolanib, followed by competitive protein profiling and bioimaging studies, with the aim of characterizing the cellular targets. A series of unknown protein hits, such as MAPK1, SHMT2, SLC25A11, and HIGD1A, were successfully identified by means of pull-down/LC-MS/MS; these might provide valuable clues for understanding drug action and potential toxicities. Moreover, the fluorescent probes are suitable for imaging drug distribution at the single-cell level.

Preoperative risk stratification for early recurrence of HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma after deceased donor liver transplantation: a five-eight model development and validation.

BACKGROUND: Early recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after liver transplantation (LT) is associated with poor surgical outcomes. This study aims to construct a preoperative model to predict individual risk of post-LT HCC recurrence. METHODS: Data of 748 adult patients who underwent deceased donor LT for HCC between January 2015, and February 2019 were collected retrospectively from the China Liver Transplant Registry database and randomly divided into training (n = 486) and validation(n = 262) cohorts. A multivariate analysis was performed and the five-eight model was developed. RESULTS: A total of 748 patients were included in the study; of them, 96% had hepatitis B virus (HBV) and 84% had cirrhosis. Pre-LT serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), tumor number and largest tumor diameter were incorporated to construct the 5-8 model which can stratify patients accurately according to their risk of recurrence into three prognostic subgroups; low-(0-5 points), medium-(6-8 points) and high-risk (> 8 points) with 2-year post-LT recurrence rate of (5,20 and 51%,p <  0.001) respectively. The 5-8 model was better than Milan, Hangzhou, and AFP-model for prediction of HCC early recurrence. These findings were confirmed by the results of the validation cohort. CONCLUSIONS: The 5-8 model is a simple validated and accurate tool for preoperative stratification of early recurrence of HCC after LT.

Middle hepatic vein reconstruction in adult right lobe living donor liver transplantation improves recipient survival.

BACKGROUND: The efficacy and necessity of middle hepatic vein (MHV) reconstruction in adult-to-adult right lobe living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) remain controversial. The present study aimed to evaluate the survival beneficiary of MHV reconstructions in LDLT. METHODS: We compared the clinical outcomes of liver recipients with MHV reconstruction (n = 101) and without MHV reconstruction (n = 43) who underwent LDLT using right lobe grafts at our institution from January 2006 to May 2017. RESULTS: The overall survival (OS) rate of recipients with MHV reconstruction was significantly higher than that of those without MHV reconstruction in liver transplantation (P = 0.022; 5-yr OS: 76.2% vs 58.1%). The survival of two segments (segments 5 and 8) hepatic vein reconstruction was better than that of the only one segment (segment 5 or segment 8) hepatic vein reconstruction (P = 0.034; 5-yr OS: 83.6% vs 67.4%). The survival of using two straight vascular reconstructions was better than that using Y-shaped vascular reconstruction in liver transplantation with two segments hepatic vein reconstruction (P = 0.020; 5-yr OS: 100% vs 75.0%). The multivariate analysis demonstrated that MHV tributary reconstructions were an independent beneficiary prognostic factor for OS (hazard ratio=0.519, 95% CI: 0.282-0.954, P = 0.035). Biliary complications were significantly increased in recipients with MHV reconstruction (28.7% vs 11.6%, P = 0.027). CONCLUSIONS: MHV reconstruction ensured excellent outflow drainage and favored recipient outcome. The MHV tributaries (segments 5 and 8) should be reconstructed as much as possible to enlarge the hepatic vein anastomosis and reduce congestion.

[Prevalence of hypertension among 18 years old and over adults in 2010-2012 in China: based on the value of mercury sphygmomanometer and converted electronic sphygmomanometer].

OBJECTIVE: To describe the age-standardized prevalence of hypertension based on the value from mercury sphygmomanometer and converted electronic sphygmomanometer among adults 18 years old and over in China 2010-2012. METHODS: Data was from the Chinese Nutrition and Health Surveillance in 2010-2012. The total number was 120 428 which selected through the method of multi-stage stratified cluster randomization sampling and probability proportion to size( PPS). The study objects were adults aged 18 and over in 31 Provinces and 150 sites in China Mainland. There were four categories areas: large cities, medium and small cities, general rural areas and poor rural areas. An average of blood pressure value was calculated though three systolic and diastolic blood pressure readings taken by mercury sphygmomanometer. The value of converted electronic sphygmomanometer was from a survey. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg and/or use of antihypertensive drug in the past two weeks. Age-standardized result were calculated incorporating a complex sample weighting using the population data from the National Bureau of Statistics in 2009. RESULTS: The overall adjusted prevalence of hypertension based on the value of mercury sphygmomanometer among Chinese adults aged18 and over was 22. 8%( 95% CI 21. 3%-24. 3%) in 2011-2012. It was 24. 1%( 95%CI 22. 3%-26. 0%) in men and 21. 4%( 95% CI 20. 0%-22. 9%) in women. It showed 9. 7%( 95% CI 8. 6%-10. 9%), 32. 7%( 95% CI 30. 8%-34. 5%) and52. 6%( 95% CI 51. 0%-54. 3%) in 18-44, 45-59 and 60 + age groups. Hypertension was 24. 5%( 95% CI 22. 4%-26. 7%) in urban and 21. 1%( 95% CI19. 0%-23. 2%) in rural. The prevalence of hypertension based on the value of converted electronic device was 25. 2%( 95% CI 23. 6%-26. 7%). It was 26. 2%( 95%CI 24. 4%-27. 9%) in men and 24. 1%( 95% CI 22. 6%-25. 6%) in women. 10. 6%( 95% CI 9. 4%-11. 8%), 35. 7%( 95% CI 34. 0%-37. 5%) and 58. 9%( 95% CI57. 0%-60. 7%) was found in 18-44, 45-59 and 60 + age groups. Prevalent hypertension was 26. 8%( 95% CI 24. 7%-28. 8%) in urban and 23. 5%( 95% CI21. 2%-25. 8%) in rural area. CONCLUSION: Prevalence of hypertension among the adults in China is increasing. The prevalence of hypertension from mercury sphygmomanometer is lower than that of converted electronic value. Both kinds of value have similar characteristics. More men than women have a hypertension. There is a higher prevalence as growth of age. There is a decreasing prevalence of hypertension in large cities, medium and small cities, general rural areas and poor rural areas.

[Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages among 18 years old and over adults in 2010-2012 in China].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages among Chinese adults in 2010-2012. METHODS: Data was collected from Chinese Nutrition and Health Surveillance: 2010-2012. Multi-stage stratified random cluster and probability proportionate sampling method was used, and 45 203 respondents aged 18 and over from 150 sites of 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities were involved in the analysis. The consumption rate of sugar-sweetened beverages, distribution of the classification of the consumption frequency and percentage of variety beverages consumption frequency were calculated. RESULTS: There were 50. 1% of Chinese adults in2010-2012 consuming sugar-sweetened beverages, men and women were 49. 2% and 50. 8%, for age groups of 18-44, 45-59 and 60 and over, the consumption rates were65. 4% %, 47. 0% % 36. 3%, respectively. The prevalence in cities was 49. 0% and in counties was 51. 3%. The rate of consuming 1 time/week and over was 15. 3% and consuming 1 time/day was 1. 3%. As the economical level decreased, the two rates decreased. Carbonated beverages had the highest consumption frequency( 39. 8%), and the lactic acid beverages had the lowest( 10. 8%). Consumption of carbonated beverages in men( 44. 8%) was higher than that in women( 35. 3%), while for the fruit and vegetable juice, lactic acid beverages, disposable milk beverages and coffee, the consumption in women were higher than that in men. As the economical level decreased, consumption of carbonated and disposable milk beverages were increasing, and lactic acid beverages and coffee were decreasing significantly. CONCLUSION: The consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages among adults in 2010-2012 was relatively high. The targeted nutrition health education and intervention was needed and implemented to decrease the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages.

[Distribution of the diabetes related gene variants among Chinese population born in early 1960s].

OBJECTIVE: To describe the distributions of the diabetes related gene variants among Chinese population born in early 1960s. METHODS: A total of 1983 subjects( 770 male, 1213 female) were selected from the cross-sectional 2010-2012 China National Nutrition and Health Surveillance. The 45 diabetes related single nucleotide polymorphism( SNPs) were detected by the Mass Array. The distributions of these risk allele in the current study were compared with the result of Utah residents with Northern and Western European ancestry, Japanese in Tokyo, African ancestry inSouthwest USA and Han Chinese in Beijing from the 1000 Genomes project. RESULTS: Among Chinese population born in 1960-1961 and 1963, significant differences in the frequency of the risk allele of rs17584499, rs10906115, rs10886471 and rs11257655 were found between male and female. Compared to the female population, the male have the higher frequency in rs17584499( χ~2= 4. 270, P = 0. 039) and rs10906115( χ~2= 4. 254, P = 0. 039), while lower frequency of risk allele in rs10886471( χ~2= 6. 199, P = 0. 013)and rs11257655( χ~2= 5. 644, P = 0. 018). There was ethnic difference in the frequency of most of the risk alleles, and the difference between the Chinese population and the European ancestry or African ancestry were higher than between the Chinese population and Japanese population. CONCLUSION: The distributions of the diabetes risk alleles among the Chinese population born in early 1960 s have slight gender difference only in few SNPs. There is significant ethnic difference in the frequency of risk allele in most of the diabetes related SNPs.

[Intakes of dietary sodium among 18 years old and over adults in 2010-2012 in China].

OBJECTIVE: To describe the age-standardized average intake of dietary sodium in Chinese adults of 18 years old and over in 2010-2012. METHODS: Data was from the China Nutrition and Health Surveillance in 2010-2012. A stratified multistage cluster sampling was used from 31 provinces( autonomous regions and municipalities) and selected 150 districts/counties. The sample was selected through the method of probability proportion to size( PPS). The sample participants were adults aged 18 and over. The average sodium intake was calculated based on dietary data collected using the method of 3 consecutive day edible oil and seasonings weighting and 3 days 24-hour dietary recall. The result were calculated using the complex weight based on national census from the National Bureau of Statistics in 2009. RESULTS: The mean intake of sodium was( 5335. 7 ± 95. 3)mg/d and it was higher for men(( 5744. 9 ± 117. 8) mg/d) than for women(( 4918. 9 ±79. 4) mg/d). The age groups of 40-49(( 5602. 3 ± 152. 7) mg/d), 50-59(( 5640. 0± 113. 8) mg/d) and 60-69(( 5363. 5 ± 100. 8) mg/d) had higher sodium intake than those of other age groups. The sodium intake among the adults in rural(( 5352. 3 ±121. 7) mg/d) area was similar with that of urban(( 5319. 5 ± 145. 9) mg/d). Overall, the mean intake of sodium in medium and small cities(( 5378. 4 ± 170. 3) mg/d), general rural(( 5369. 8 ± 142. 7) mg/d) and poor rural areas(( 5335. 9 ± 231. 6) mg/d) was similar while big city was lowest(( 4993. 8 ± 150. 3) mg/d). CONCLUSION: In2010-2012, the mean sodium intake among Chinese adults was still in a very high level. It was necessary to monitor the population sodium intakes and the strategies should be developed to reduce national salt/sodium intakes.

[Physical activities and its influencing factors among students' parents in four cities in China, 2014].

OBJECTIVE: To study the status of physical activities and its influencing factors among parents of primary and secondary school students, to provide basis for improving students' parents physical activities. METHODS: A total of 12 501 parents ofprimary and secondary school students from Shenyang, Guangzhou, Chengdu and Wuhan were selected by stratified random cluster sampling. They completed a self-designed questionnaire that was derived from International Physical Activity Questionnaire( IPAQ). Logistic regression model was used to analyze the influence of region, stage of school, gender, age, education level, occupation and economic level on physical activities among parents of primary and secondary school students. RESULTS: The rate of students' parents with insufficient physical activity was 58. 3%, and the rate of students' parents spending2 h and more on sedentary activities per day was 55. 7%. Logistic regression analysis showed that compared with primary school students ' parents, the risk of insufficient physical activity and spending 2 h and more on sedentary activities of junior and senior middle school students' parents were decreased( the risk of insufficient physical activity:ORjunior( 95% CI) = 0. 796( 0. 728-0. 869), ORsenior( 95% CI) = 0. 746( 0. 683-0. 815); the risk of spending 2 h and more on sedentary activities: ORjunior( 95% CI) =0. 823( 0. 750-0. 904), ORsenior( 95% CI) = 0. 788( 0. 712-0. 872)). Compared with students' parents with primary school education, the risk of insufficient physical activity and spending 2 h and more on sedentary activities of parents with junior college or above education were increased( the risk of insufficient physical activity: OR( 95% CI) = 1. 288( 1. 107-1. 497); the risk of spending 2 h and more on sedentary activities: OR( 95%CI) = 1. 303( 1. 120-1. 515)). Compared with housework/unemployed/retirees, the risk of insufficient physical activity and spending 2 h and more on sedentary activities of agricultural/equipment operators were decreased( the risk of insufficient physical activity:OR( 95% CI) = 0. 755( 0. 634-0. 899); the risk of spending 2 h and more on sedentary activities: OR( 95% CI) = 0. 731( 0. 617-0. 867)). CONCLUSION: The rate of insufficient physical activity and spending 2 h and more on sedentary activities among students' parents were relatively higher. The influencing factors on physical activity level and sedentary activity time were region, stage of school, education level and occupation. Specific interventions should be developed for different people.

[Status of blood pressure and prevalence of hypertension among 6-17 years old children and adolescents in 2010-2012 in China].

OBJECTIVE: To describe the mean of systolic blood pressure( SBP), diastolic blood pressure( DBP), and the prevalence of hypertension among 6-17 years old children and adolescents in China in 2010-2012. METHODS: Data was from the China Nutrition and Health Surveillance in 2010-2012. The total number was 35 657 which selected through the method of multi-stage stratified cluster randomization sampling and probability proportion to size( PPS). The study objects were 6-17 years old childrenand adolescents in 31 Provinces and 150 sites in China Mainland. Blood pressure was measured by mercury sphygmomanometer. Hypertension was defined using Blood pressure reference standards for Chinese children and adolescents( 2010). Age-standardized result were calculated incorporating a sample weighting using the national census from the National Bureau of Statistics in 2009. RESULTS: The overall mean SBP was 101 mmHg. It was 102 mmHg for boys and 99 mmHg for girls. It showed 94 mmHg and 105 mmHg in 6-11 and 12-17 age groups. The mean DBP was 65 mmHg. Both boys and girls were 65 mmHg. It was 61 mmHg and 68 mmHg in 6-11 and 12-17 age groups. The prevalence of hypertension was 12. 4% in children and adolescents in China. It was 12. 4% in boys and 12. 3% in girls. It showed 7. 3% in 6-11 age group and 15. 6% in 12-17 group. The SBP, DBP and prevalence of hypertension were increased with age. The mean SBP of poor rural area was lowest and there was no difference in SBP and hypertensive prevalence. CONCLUSION: The government should pay more attention on blood pressure and hypertension in 6-17 years old children and adolescents. It is important to strengthen the surveillance and early detection and prevention.

Cell- and Tissue-Based Proteome Profiling and Dual Imaging of Apoptosis Markers with Probes Derived from Venetoclax and Idasanutlin.

Venetoclax (ABT-199) and idasanutlin (RG7388) are efficient anticancer drugs targeting two essential apoptosis markers, Bcl-2 and MDM2, respectively. Recent studies have shown that the combination of these two drugs leads to remarkable enhancement of anticancer efficacy, both in vitro and in vivo. In an attempt to disclose the relationships of their protein targets, competitive affinity-based proteome profiling coupled with bioimaging was employed to characterize their protein targets in the same cancer cell line and tumor tissue. A series of protein hits, including ITPR1, GSR, RER1, PDIA3, Apoa1, and Tnfrsf17 were simultaneously identified by pull-down/LC-MS/MS with the two sets of affinity-based probes. Dual imaging was successfully carried out, with the simultaneous detection of Bcl-2 and MDM2 expression in various cancer cells. This could facilitate the novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies of dual targeting of Bcl-2/MDM2.

Development of a novel flow cytometric immunobead array to quantify VWF: Ag and VWF: GPIbR and its application in acute myocardial infarction.

OBJECTIVES: Both von Willebrand disease (VWD) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) involve quantitative and qualitative changes in von Willebrand factor (VWF). Our objective was to develop a rapid and precise flow cytometric immunobead array (FCIA) to quantify VWF antigen (VWF:Ag) and ristocetin-triggered platelet glycoprotein Ib binding (VWF:GPIbR) and apply it in a clinical setting. METHODS: Microbeads, coated with monoclonal antibodies for SZ29 or SZ151 IgG, were incubated with diluted plasma. VWF-binding microbeads were detected with FITC-conjugated sheep-anti-human VWF IgG by flow cytometry. Plasma VWF:Ag and VWF:GPIbR levels in normal controls (CTL; n=105), patients with VWD (n=21), and patients with AMI (n=146) were tested by FCIA and ELISA in parallel. ADAMTS13 activity and VWF multimer analyses were also implemented. RESULTS: Our novel FCIA showed a strong correlation with the ELISA results (VWF:Ag, r=.855; VWF:GPIbR, r=.813). The intra-assay coefficient variations (CVs) of VWF:Ag-FCIA and VWF:GPIbR-FCIA were 9.2% and 7.7%, respectively, and the interassay CVs were 12.6% and 13.5%, respectively. Plasma VWF:Ag and VWF:GPIbR levels were significantly higher in patients with AMI than in CTL (P<.0001), whereas the ratios of ADAMTS13/VWF:Ag and ADAMTS13/VWF:GPIbR were significantly lower (P<.0001). Levels of plasma ultra-large VWF (UL-VWF) were dramatically increased in patients with AMI. CONCLUSIONS: The novel VWF:Ag and VWF:GPIbR-FCIA assays were found to be simpler, more specific, and more accurate than the classical ELISA method. In addition, elevated VWF:GPIbR and UL-VWF may contribute to the pathogenesis of AMI.

Fibrinogen and D-dimer levels elevate in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: High pretreatment fibrinogen levels predict poor outcomes.

AIM: Plasma fibrinogen and D-dimer have been reported to predict survival in several types of malignancies. The aim of this study is to investigate their predictive value in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed plasma fibrinogen and D-dimer levels from 252 subjects: control (n = 20), hepatitis (n = 20), cirrhosis (n = 20), and HCC (n = 192) subjects. The clinical involvement and prognostic value of fibrinogen and D-dimer was analyzed in HCC subjects. To confirm the effects of tumor on hypercoagulability and fibrinolysis, fibrinogen and D-dimer levels were measured in nude mice following HCC inoculation. RESULTS: Fibrinogen decreased and D-dimer increased in cirrhosis subjects relative to other groups. In HCC subjects, elevated fibrinogen and D-dimer levels were significantly associated with adverse tumor features (increased size, stage, and grade) and systemic inflammation. Patients with HCC with either elevated fibrinogen or D-dimer levels had significantly higher 3-year tumor recurrence rates (65% vs. 41%, P < 0.001 for fibrinogen; 67% vs. 40%, P = 0.011 for D-dimer) and significantly lower 3-year overall survival rates (57% vs. 79%, P < 0.001 for fibrinogen; 56% vs. 80%, P = 0.001 for D-dimer). After multivariate analysis, elevated fibrinogen levels remained an independent predictor of poor prognosis in HCC patients. Finally, elevated levels of fibrinogen and D-dimer were confirmed in nude mice following tumor inoculation. CONCLUSION: The fibrinogen and D-dimer levels, elevating after carcinogenesis, may serve as simple but effective predictors of adverse tumor profiles and outcomes in HCC.

Lumping kinetics of ABE fermentation wastewater treatment by oleaginous yeast Trichosporon cutaneum.

Lumping kinetics models were built for the biological treatment of acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation wastewater by oleaginous yeast Trichosporon cutaneum with different fermentation temperatures. Compared with high temperature (33°C, 306 K) and low temperature (23°C, 296 K), medium temperature (28°C, 301 K) was beneficial for the cell growth and chemical oxygen demand (COD) degradation during the early stage of fermentation but the final yeast biomass and COD removal were influenced little. By lumping method, the materials in the bioconversion network were divided into five lumps (COD, lipid, polysaccharide, other intracellular products, other extracellular products), and the nine rate constants (k1-k9) for the models can well explain the bioconversion laws. The Gibbs free energy (G) for this bioconversion was positive, showing that it cannot happen spontaneous, but the existence of yeast can after the chemical equilibrium and make the bioconversion to be possible. Overall, the possibility of using lumping kinetics for elucidating the laws of materials conversion in the biological treatment of ABE fermentation wastewater by T. cutaneum has been initially proved and this method has great potential for further application.

[Sedentary behavior during leisure time and social determinants among Chinese adults in 2010-2012].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the leisure time sedentary behavior and related sociodemographic factors among Chinese adults. METHODS: The data were collected by the physical activity questionnaire of 2012 Chinese Nutrition and Health Survey, a total of142 369 subjects aged 18 years and over( male 62 563, female 79 806) were investigated about their sedentary behavior in leisure time. RESULTS: The average hour of total sedentary activities was 2. 66 h/d. About 82. 1% of residents aged 18 years and over spent2 h and over on sedentary activities in leisure time. Urban( 83. 0%), male( 83. 8%), higher education level, higher family income( 83. 6%) and never married( 89. 1%) were higher than their counterparts, as age decreasing and educational level increasing, the rateof spending 2 h and over on sedentary activities increased. Logistic regression model showed that the rates varied according to different social determinants. CONCLUSION: Chinese resident spent much time on sedentary activities and the pattern was varied according to socio-demographic factors.