RESUMO
The emergence and global spread of SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in the urgent need for an in-depth understanding of molecular functions of viral proteins and their interactions with the host proteome. Several individual omics studies have extended our knowledge of COVID-19 pathophysiology1-10. Integration of such datasets to obtain a holistic view of virus-host interactions and to define the pathogenic properties of SARS-CoV-2 is limited by the heterogeneity of the experimental systems. Here we report a concurrent multi-omics study of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV. Using state-of-the-art proteomics, we profiled the interactomes of both viruses, as well as their influence on the transcriptome, proteome, ubiquitinome and phosphoproteome of a lung-derived human cell line. Projecting these data onto the global network of cellular interactions revealed crosstalk between the perturbations taking place upon infection with SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV at different levels and enabled identification of distinct and common molecular mechanisms of these closely related coronaviruses. The TGF-ß pathway, known for its involvement in tissue fibrosis, was specifically dysregulated by SARS-CoV-2 ORF8 and autophagy was specifically dysregulated by SARS-CoV-2 ORF3. The extensive dataset (available at https://covinet.innatelab.org ) highlights many hotspots that could be targeted by existing drugs and may be used to guide rational design of virus- and host-directed therapies, which we exemplify by identifying inhibitors of kinases and matrix metalloproteases with potent antiviral effects against SARS-CoV-2.
Assuntos
COVID-19/metabolismo , Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno , Proteoma/metabolismo , Proteômica , SARS-CoV-2/patogenicidade , Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave/metabolismo , Coronavírus Relacionado à Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave/patogenicidade , Animais , Antivirais/farmacologia , Autofagia/efeitos dos fármacos , COVID-19/imunologia , COVID-19/virologia , Linhagem Celular , Conjuntos de Dados como Assunto , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno/imunologia , Humanos , Inibidores de Metaloproteinases de Matriz/farmacologia , Fosforilação , Mapas de Interação de Proteínas , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Processamento de Proteína Pós-Traducional , Proteoma/química , Coronavírus Relacionado à Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave/imunologia , SARS-CoV-2/imunologia , Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave/imunologia , Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave/virologia , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta/metabolismo , Ubiquitinação , Proteínas Virais/química , Proteínas Virais/metabolismo , Proteínas Viroporinas/metabolismoRESUMO
The severe-acute-respiratory-syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of COVID-19, but host cell factors contributing to COVID-19 pathogenesis remain only partly understood. We identify the host metalloprotease ADAM17 as a facilitator of SARS-CoV-2 cell entry and the metalloprotease ADAM10 as a host factor required for lung cell syncytia formation, a hallmark of COVID-19 pathology. ADAM10 and ADAM17, which are broadly expressed in the human lung, cleave the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S) in vitro, indicating that ADAM10 and ADAM17 contribute to the priming of S, an essential step for viral entry and cell fusion. ADAM protease-targeted inhibitors severely impair lung cell infection by the SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern alpha, beta, delta, and omicron and also reduce SARS-CoV-2 infection of primary human lung cells in a TMPRSS2 protease-independent manner. Our study establishes ADAM10 and ADAM17 as host cell factors for viral entry and syncytia formation and defines both proteases as potential targets for antiviral drug development.