Stress, Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotype and Atherosclerosis: Novel Insight into Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotypic Transition in Atherosclerosis.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Our work is to establish more distinct association between specific stress and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) phenotypes to alleviate atherosclerotic plaque burden and delay atherosclerosis (AS) progression. RECENT FINDING: In recent years, VSMCs phenotypic transition has received significant interests. Different stresses were found to be associated with VSMCs phenotypic transition. However, the explicit correlation between VSMCs phenotype and specific stress has not been elucidated clearly yet. We discover that VSMCs phenotypic transition, which is widely involved in the progression of AS, is associated with specific stress. We discuss approaches targeting stresses to intervene VSMCs phenotypic transition, which may contribute to develop innovative therapies for AS.

The association between non­high­density lipoprotein cholesterol to high­density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHHR) and low muscle mass in adults aged 20-59: a population-based study in the United States.

BACKGROUND: The ratio between non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (NHHR) is a reliable marker for assessing the risk linked to lipid metabolism disorders. Sarcopenia, characterized by age-related loss of muscle mass and strength/function, includes the assessment of muscle mass, muscle strength, and muscle-specific strength. However, research into NHHR's relationship with low muscle mass risk remains unexplored. METHODS: Our study utilized a cross-sectional approach, examining data derived from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2011 to 2018. Through multivariable linear and logistic regression, we investigated the relationships of the NHHR with muscle mass and low muscle mass. We visualized the results using smoothing curves and assessed threshold effects. We also performed various subgroup and sensitivity analyses. RESULTS: This research encompassed 9,012 participants and demonstrated significant nonlinear associations between NHHR and ALMBMI or low muscle mass risk in a generalized additive model (GAM), pinpointing critical NHHR values (3.328 and 3.367) where changes in NHHR significantly impacted ALMBMI and low muscle mass risk. CONCLUSIONS: The NHHR demonstrates a significant association with an increased risk of low muscle mass among middle-aged Americans. This ratio has potential as a predictive marker for low muscle mass. Further exploration of NHHR is expected to aid in advancing preventive and therapeutic measures for this condition.

Willingness to receive mpox vaccine among men who have sex with men: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Since May 2022, mpox outbreaks have been occurring in non-mpox endemic areas, with the main population affected being men who have sex with men (MSM). Outbreak prevention and control depend not only on the effectiveness of vaccines but also on people's willingness to receive these vaccines. Currently, there is lack of synthesis on the overall rates and influence factors of MSMs' willingness to vaccinate against mpox. Therefore, we systematically reviewed studies that assessed the willingness of MSM to receive mpox vaccine. METHODS: Studies reporting mpox vaccination intentions among MSM were included by searching five databases (PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, CINAHL, and SCOPUS) from inception to May 12, 2024. The quality of the included literature was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appraisal tool. The data analysis software is Stata17. The systematic review has been registered with Prospero (registration ID: CRD42023452357). RESULTS: Twenty cross-sectional studies were included in the review. Meta-analysis results showed that the pooled willingness rate of vaccinate against mpox was 77.0% (95% CI: 73-81%, I2 = 99.4%). According to subgroup analysis, study countries (P = 0.002), research sample size (P = 0.001), and whether participants were infected with HIV (P = 0.002) may be sources of heterogeneity. The results of the meta-analysis of influencing factors showed that more number of sexual partners (OR: 2.24, 95%CI: 1.86-2.69), pre-exposure prophylaxis use (OR: 6.04, 95%CI: 4.80-7.61), history of sexually transmitted infections (OR: 2.96, 95%CI: 2.33-3.76), confidence in the vaccine's effectiveness (OR: 2.79, 95%CI: 2.04-3.80) and safety (OR: 10.89, 95%CI: 5.22-22.72), fear of mpox infection (OR: 2.47, 95%CI: 2.11-2.89) and epidemics (OR: 2.87, 95%CI: 2.22-3.70), high mpox knowledge (OR: 2.35, 95%CI: 1.51-3.66), and the belief that people at high risk should be prioritized for vaccination (OR: 3.09, 95%CI: 1.40-6.84) were the facilitators of vaccine willingness. In addition, as a secondary outcome, meta-analysis results showed a pooled unwillingness rate of 16% (95% CI: 13-20%, I2 = 98.1%, 9 studies). CONCLUSION: Willingness to vaccinate mpox was high among MSM, but some participants still had negative attitudes towards vaccination. Therefore, the Ministry of Public Health should develop targeted and effective strategies against those influencing factors to prevent and manage mpox outbreaks.

Effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions for sleep disturbances in people living with dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

We summarize the evidence on non-pharmacological interventions for sleep disturbances in people living with dementia(PlwD). A literature search was performed using PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library, Web of Science, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and clinicaltrials.gov. Up to August 20, 2022. Six studies met our eligibility criteria. Light therapy, the therapeutic pet-type robotic seal(PRAO), and slow-stroke back massage(SSBM) are non-pharmacological interventions for sleep disturbances in PlwD.PARO increased night-time sleep duration (p < 0.05). The benefit of SSBM for sleep disturbances in PlwD is unclear (p > 0.05). Although there is a lack of evidence for the effect of light therapy on sleep disturbances in PlwD (p > 0.05), light therapy reduced sleep disturbance (SMD = -0.38; 95% CI:1.25, 0.48), increased sleep efficiency (MD = 3.77; 95% CI:-0.23, 7.78), and also reduced depression (MD = -2.49; 95% CI: -2.92, -2.06). More large-scale randomized controlled trials are needed and consider combining multiple non-pharmacological measures for sleep interventions in PlwD.

Acetazolamide Alleviate Cerebral Edema Induced by Ischemic Stroke Through Inhibiting the Expression of AQP4 mRNA.

OBJECTIVE: We want to investigate the effect of aquaporin-4 (AQP4) on cerebral edema induced by ischemic stroke in rats and explore whether inhibiting the expression of AQP4 through acetazolamide (AZA) could attenuate brain edema and protect cerebral function. METHODS: The Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham + saline group, sham + AZA group, AZA intervention group, and nonintervention group. Each group was divided into five subgroups according to the time of cerebral ischemia (6 h, 1 day, 3 days, 5 days, and 7 days). The model of cerebral infarction in rats was adopted by means of the bilateral carotid arteries ligation (2-VO) method. The rats in intervention group were given intraperitoneal injection of AZA (35 mg/kg/day). Hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed for pathological analysis of the infarcted area. The brain water content was calculated to evaluate the degree of brain edema. The messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expressions of AQP4 in the brain were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry, respectively. RESULTS: Significant cerebral pathological damages were found in ischemic stroke rats. The brain water content, protein, and mRNA expression of AQP4 of the intervention and nonintervention groups were markedly higher than those of the sham groups. By contrast, AZA administration reduced the brain water content, whereas improved cerebral dysfunction was induced by ischemic stroke. Moreover, AZA obviously reduced the protein and mRNA expression of AQP4 after ischemic stroke in rats' brains. CONCLUSIONS: The expression of AQP4 was closely related to cerebral edema induced by ischemic stroke. Decreasing the expression of AQP4 mRNA by AZA administration can effectively relieve cerebral edema and decrease cerebral pathological damage.

DEEPSEN: a convolutional neural network based method for super-enhancer prediction.

BACKGROUND: Super-enhancers (SEs) are clusters of transcriptional active enhancers, which dictate the expression of genes defining cell identity and play an important role in the development and progression of tumors and other diseases. Many key cancer oncogenes are driven by super-enhancers, and the mutations associated with common diseases such as Alzheimer's disease are significantly enriched with super-enhancers. Super-enhancers have shown great potential for the identification of key oncogenes and the discovery of disease-associated mutational sites. RESULTS: In this paper, we propose a new computational method called DEEPSEN for predicting super-enhancers based on convolutional neural network. The proposed method integrates 36 kinds of features. Compared with existing approaches, our method performs better and can be used for genome-wide prediction of super-enhancers. Besides, we screen important features for predicting super-enhancers. CONCLUSION: Convolutional neural network is effective in boosting the performance of super-enhancer prediction.

Orai1 mediates tumor-promoting store-operated Ca2+ entry in human gastrointestinal stromal tumors via c-KIT and the extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors originate from interstitial cells of Cajal, the pacemaker cells of the gut. Ca2+ regulates the pacemaker activity of interstitial cells of Cajal. Store-operated Ca2+ entry mediates the majority of Ca2+ entry in most cancer cells and may be a factor in regulating intracellular Ca2+ in interstitial cells of Cajal and gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Therefore, a blockade of this mechanism may affect the progression of gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Orai1 is the pore subunit of store-operated Ca2+ channels. Here, we reported that Orai1 was overexpressed in gastrointestinal stromal tumor tissues and was positively correlated with a high-risk grade in gastrointestinal stromal tumor patients. Furthermore, upon Orai1 silencing, the functional store-operated Ca2+ entry in gastrointestinal stromal tumor cells was decreased, indicating that the function of store-operated Ca2+ entry was mediated by Orai1. Inhibition of Orai1-mediated store-operated Ca2+ entry by Orai1 silencing or store-operated Ca2+ entry blockers (SKF-96365 and 2-aminoethyl diphenylborate) induced obvious cell proliferation suppression, cell-cycle distribution, and apoptosis stimulation in GIST-T1 cells. Conversely, Orai1 overexpression increased store-operated Ca2+ entry and cell proliferation in GIST882 cells. In addition, we found that activation of c-KIT and the extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway participated in the oncogenic functions of Orai1-mediated store-operated Ca2+ entry in gastrointestinal stromal tumor cells. These results revealed that Orai1-mediated store-operated Ca2+ entry is critical for gastrointestinal stromal tumor cell proliferation via c-KIT and ERK signaling pathway activation. Orai1-mediated store-operated Ca2+ entry plays an oncogenic role and may be a novel prognostic factor and therapeutic target for patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors.

Research progress and perspective of metallic implant biomaterials for craniomaxillofacial surgeries.

Craniomaxillofacial bone serves a variety of functions. However, the increasing number of cases of craniomaxillofacial bone injury and the use of selective rare implants make the treatment difficult, and the cure rate is low. If such a bone injury is not properly treated, it can lead to a slew of complications that can seriously disrupt a patient's daily life. For example, premature closure of cranial sutures or skull fractures can lead to increased intracranial pressure, which can lead to headaches, vomiting, and even brain hernia. At present, implant placement is one of the most common approaches to repair craniomaxillofacial bone injury or abnormal closure, especially with biomedical metallic implants. This review analyzes the research progress in the design and development of degradable and non-degradable metallic implants in craniomaxillofacial surgery. The mechanical properties, corrosion behaviours, as well as in vitro and in vivo performances of these materials are summarized. The challenges and future research directions of metallic biomaterials used in craniomaxillofacial surgery are also identified.

A bibliometric analysis of HIV nursing research between 1999 and 2022.

AIM: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) nursing has become more prominent with the increase in chronic HIV infections. This study examined articles related to HIV nursing to determine how the profession has developed and its future direction. DESIGN: A bibliometric analysis was conducted. METHODS: HIV nursing-related articles published in the Web of Science core collection between 1999 and 2022 were searched. VOSviewer was used to identify the contributions of countries, institutions and authors in HIV-related care. Collaborative maps, hot topics and keywords trends were analysed using VOSviewer and CiteSpace. RESULTS: A total of 1513 publications were extracted. An increase in articles published between 1999 and 2012 was observed. After 2012, the increase in the number of publications was relatively stable. Since 2016, a downward trend in the number of publications has occurred. The USA, South Africa and the UK were the leading contributors to publications related to HIV nursing. The focus of the HIV nursing research has gradually shifted from "HIV infection", "risk factors", and "transmission routes" to "social support", "depression", and "public health". The result shows that increased collaboration among countries/regions can improve the development of HIV nursing and effectively reduce the global HIV infection rate. The mental health of patients has become a research centre in the field of HIV nursing. This study provides direction in clinical practice and future research areas in this field.

Alcalase-hydrolyzed insoluble soybean meal hydrolysate aggregates: Structure, bioactivity, function properties, and influences on the stability of oil-in-water emulsions.

We studied the influences of hydrolysis time on the structure, functional properties, and emulsion stability of insoluble soybean meal hydrolysate aggregates (ISMHAs). We assume that the ISMHAs produced by soybean meal can be used as emulsifiers to prepare stable emulsions. The molecular weights of these ISMHAs were below 53 kDa. After hydrolysis, a decrease in α-helices and an increase in random coils indicated that the soybean meal proteins were unfolding. Moreover, the fluorescence intensity, UV absorption, and surface hydrophobicity of ISMHAs increased. These results would contribute to their antioxidant activity and functional properties. Additionally, the 90-min ISMHA sample exhibited the highest ABTS+• scavenging activity (80.02 ± 4.55 %), foaming stability (52.92 ± 8.06 %), and emulsifying properties (emulsifying activity index of 97.09 m2/g; emulsifying stability index of 371.47 min). The 90-min ISMHA emulsion exhibited the smallest particle size and excellent storage stability. Soybean meal peptide by-product emulsifier has potential for sustainable application.

The Design of a Fiber-Coupling Micro-Lens Array for an M × N Wavelength-Selective Switch.

The M × N port wavelength-selective switch (WSS) is a crucial device used for Reconfigurable Optical Add/Drop Multiplexors and optical switching nodes in optical communication systems. The primary function of an M × N port WSS is to simultaneously transmit and switch multiple input optical signals from input fiber ports to output fiber ports through spatial light coupling. The port array module in a WSS that is responsible for coupling the spatial beam with the fiber determines the important parameters of the M × N port WSS, such as the number of input/output ports and insertion loss. In this paper, VirtualLab Fusion software 2023.1 (Build 1.558), as a powerful physical optics simulation tool, is used to design and optimize a silicon micro-lens array that can achieve the high-precision coupling of a fiber array with a pitch of 1143 µm. Finally, the designed micro-lens is manufactured and experimentally demonstrates its good beam focusing ability with a 3 dB insertion loss. The designed micro-lens array coupling system, which delivers 28 focused spots of approximately 1mm in size (the beam has a 1/e2 diameter) after transmitting a distance of around 300 mm, effectively extends the number of WSS ports. This design method of the micro-lens array significantly amplifies the port count of the M × N port wavelength-selective switch, effectively expanding it to encompass an impressive 28 × 28 ports.

Exploring the impact of protein intake on the association between oxidative balance score and lean mass in adults aged 20-59: NHANES 2011-2018.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have established a correlation between the pathogenesis of oxidative stress and sarcopenia. The Oxidative Balance Score (OBS) is an integrated measure that reflects the overall balance of antioxidants and pro-oxidants in dietary components and lifestyle. However, there are limited reports on the association between OBS and lean mass and the impact of protein intake on the association between OBS and lean mass. METHODS: Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2011 to 2018, multivariate linear and logistic regression analyses were conducted to explore the associations between OBS and outcomes. The findings were then illustrated through fitted smoothing curves and threshold effect analyses. RESULTS: This study included 2,441 participants, demonstrating that higher OBS is significantly associated with an increased ratio of appendicular lean mass to body mass index. Key inflection points at OBS 31 mark pronounced changes in these associations, with age and protein intake notably affecting the association. The effect of OBS on lean mass varies among populations with high and low protein intake. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that OBS is significantly and positively associated with lean mass. A high protein intake of more than 84.5 g/day may enhance the role of OBS in influencing muscle health to improve muscle outcomes.

PDCD2 as a prognostic biomarker in glioma correlates with malignant phenotype.

Programmed cell death 2 (PDCD2) is related to cancer progression and chemotherapy sensitivity. The role of PDCD2 in solid cancers (excluding hematopoietic malignancies) and their diagnosis and prognosis remains unclear. The TCGA, CGGA, GEPIA, cBioPortal, and GTEx databases were analyzed for expression, prognostic value, and genetic modifications of PDCD2 in cancer patients. Functional enrichment analysis, CCK8, colony formation assay, transwell assay, and xenograft tumor model were undertaken to study the PDCD2's biological function in glioma (GBMLGG). The PDCD2 gene was associated with solid cancer progression. In the functional enrichment analysis results, PDCD2 was shown to participate in several important GBMLGG biological processes. GBMLGG cells may be inhibited in their proliferation, migration, invasion, and xenograft tumor growth by knocking down PDCD2. Our research can provide new insights into solid cancer prognostic biomarkers of PDCD2.

A chromosome-level genome of the striated frogfish (Antennarius striatus).

The striated frogfish (Antennarius striatus), a member of the sub-order Antennarioidei within the order Lophiiformes, possesses remarkable adaptations. These include the ability to modulate body coloration for camouflage, utilize bioluminescent esca for predation, and employ elbow-like pectoral fins for terrestrial locomotion, making it a valuable model for studying bioluminescence, adaptive camouflage, fin-to-limb transition, and walking-like behaviors. To better study and contribute to the conservation of the striated frogfish, we obtained the micro-CT image of the pectoral fin bones and generated a high-quality, chromosome-level genome assembly using multiple sequencing technologies. The assembly spans 548.56 Mb with a contig N50 of 21.05 Mb, and 99.35% of the genome is anchored on 24 chromosomes, making it the most complete genome available within Lophiiformes. The genome annotation revealed 28.43% repetitive sequences and 23,945 protein-coding genes. This chromosome-level genome provides valuable genetic resources for frogfish conservation and offers insights into the genetic mechanisms underlying its unique phenotypic evolution. Furthermore, it establishes a foundation for future research on limb development and adaptive camouflage in this species.

A transferrin receptor targeting dual-modal MR/NIR fluorescent imaging probe for glioblastoma diagnosis.

The prognosis of glioblastoma (GBM) remains challenging, primarily due to the lack of a precise, effective imaging technique for comprehensively characterization. Addressing GBM diagnostic challenges, our study introduces an innovative dual-modal imaging that merges near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent imaging with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This method employs superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles coated with NIR fluorescent dyes, specifically Cyanine 7, and targeted peptides. This synthetic probe facilitates MRI functionality through superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, provides NIR imaging capability via Cyanine 7 and enhances tumor targeting trough peptide interactions, offering a comprehensive diagnostic tool for GBM. Notably, the probe traverses the blood-brain barrier, targeting GBM in vivo via peptides, producing clear and discernible images in both modalities. Cytotoxicity and histopathology assessments confirm the probe's favorable safety profile. These findings suggest that the dual-modal MR\NIR fluorescent imaging probe could revolutionize GBM prognosis and survival rates, which can also be extended to other tumors type.

Identification of Circulating Plasma Proteins as a Mediator of Hypertension-Driven Cardiac Remodeling: A Mediation Mendelian Randomization Study.

BACKGROUND: This study focused on circulating plasma protein profiles to identify mediators of hypertension-driven myocardial remodeling and heart failure. METHODS: A Mendelian randomization design was used to investigate the causal impact of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and pulse pressure on 82 cardiac magnetic resonance traits and heart failure risk. Mediation analyses were also conducted to identify potential plasma proteins mediating these effects. RESULTS: Genetically proxied higher SBP, DBP, and pulse pressure were causally associated with increased left ventricular myocardial mass and alterations in global myocardial wall thickness at end diastole. Elevated SBP and DBP were linked to increased regional myocardial radial strain of the left ventricle (basal anterior, mid, and apical walls), while higher SBP was associated with reduced circumferential strain in specific left ventricular segments (apical, mid-anteroseptal, mid-inferoseptal, and mid-inferolateral walls). Specific plasma proteins mediated the impact of blood pressure on cardiac remodeling, with FGF5 (fibroblast growth factor 5) contributing 2.96% (P=0.024) and 4.15% (P=0.046) to the total effect of SBP and DBP on myocardial wall thickness at end diastole in the apical anterior segment and leptin explaining 15.21% (P=0.042) and 23.24% (P=0.022) of the total effect of SBP and DBP on radial strain in the mid-anteroseptal segment. Additionally, FGF5 was the only mediator, explaining 4.19% (P=0.013) and 4.54% (P=0.032) of the total effect of SBP and DBP on heart failure susceptibility. CONCLUSIONS: This mediation Mendelian randomization study provides evidence supporting specific circulating plasma proteins as mediators of hypertension-driven cardiac remodeling and heart failure.

Generating Talking Face With Controllable Eye Movements by Disentangled Blinking Feature.

In virtual reality, talking face generation is committed to using voice and face images to generate real face speech videos to improve the communication experience in the case of limited user information exchange. In a real video, blinking is an action often accompanied by speech, and it is also one of the indispensable actions in real face speech videos. However, the current methods either do not pay attention to the generation of eye movements, or cannot control the blinking in the generated results. To this end, this article proposes a novel system which produces vivid talking face with controllable eye blinks driven by the joint features including identity feature, audio feature, and blink feature. In order to disentangle the blinking action, we designed three independent features to individually drive the main components in the generated frame, namely the facial appearance, mouth movements, and eye movements. Through the adversarial training of the identity encoder, we filter out the information of the eye state from the identity feature, thereby strengthening the independence of the blinking feature. We introduced the blink score as the leading information of the blink feature, and through training, the value can be consistent with human perception to form a complete and independent control of the eyes. Experimental results on multiple datasets show that our method can not only reproduce real talking faces, but also ensure that the blinking pattern and time are fully controllable.

Global trends in depression among patients living with HIV: A bibliometric analysis.

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) related depression has seriously affected the quality of life and treatment outcomes of patients living with HIV (PLWH), which has become a hot topic in recent years. This study aims to discover the main keywords, predict frontier topics, and give meaningful suggestions for researchers by bibliometric analysis. Methods: Publications between 1999 and 2022 on depression in HIV/AIDS were searched in the Web of Science core collection. Microsoft Excel 2010 and VOSviewer were utilized to key contributors (e.g., authors, journals, institutions, and countries). VOSviewer and CiteSpace were used to analyze the knowledge evolution, collaborative maps, hot topics, and keywords trends in this field. Results: In total, 8,190 publications were included in the final analysis. From 1999 to 2021, the number of published articles roughly presents a steadily increasing trend. The United States, South Africa, and the United Kingdom were three key contributing countries/regions to this field. University Calif San Francisco (United States), University Calif Los Angeles (United States), and Johns Hopkins University (United States) were three key contributing institutions. Safren, Steven A. was the most productive and highest cited author. AIDS Care was the top prolific journal. Antiretroviral therapy and adherence, men has sex with men, mental health, substance abuse, stigma, and Sub-Saharan Africa were the central topics regarding the depression-related research in HIV/AIDS. Conclusion: This bibliometric analysis reported the publication trend, major contributing countries/regions, institutions, authors, journals and mapped the knowledge network of depression-related research on HIV/AIDS. In this field, topics such as "adherence," "mental health," "substance abuse," "stigma," "men who have sex with men" and "South Africa" have attracted considerable attention.

Improving the biological activity, functional properties, and emulsion stability of soybean meal hydrolysate via covalent conjugation with polyphenol.

The use of by-products as functional components in food production is gaining popularity. This study investigated the structure, biological activity, interaction force, and emulsion stability of soybean meal hydrolysate (SMHs) after covalent conjugation with proanthocyanidin (PC), epigallocatechin (EGCG), gallic acid (GA), and caffeic acid (CA). SDS-PAGE confirmed the formation of SMHs-polyphenol conjugates. Structural analysis indicates unfolding and disordered-structure formation. This transformation directly influenced the antioxidant activity and emulsification of SMHs. The antioxidant and emulsifying properties of all covalent complexes were superior to SMHs, in order of SMHs-PC, SMHs-EGCG, SMHs-GA, and SMHs-CA. Among, SMHs-PC conjugates displayed the highest antioxidant activity (ABTS•+ and DPPH radical scavenging capacities of 89.33% and 52.71%, respectively), total polyphenol content (235.10 mg/g), and emulsification activity (EAI) and stability (ESI) values (109.27 m2/g and 135.05 min, respectively). Moreover, SMHs-PC emulsion showed the smallest particle size (467.20 nm), highest viscosity (520.19 Pa.s), highest protein adsorption (94.33%), and lowest release rate of free fatty acids (FFAs) (18.61%) after digestion. These results provided valuable information for the use of modified SMHs as emulsifiers, which is a promising approach for increasing the value of soybean meal.

Progress in the application of molecular imaging in psychiatric disorders.

Psychiatric disorders have always attracted a lot of attention from researchers due to the difficulties in their diagnoses and treatments. Molecular imaging, as an emerging technology, has played an important role in the researchers of various diseases. In recent years, molecular imaging techniques including magnetic resonance spectroscopy, nuclear medicine imaging, and fluorescence imaging have been widely used in the study of psychiatric disorders. This review will briefly summarize the progression of molecular imaging in psychiatric disorders.