Analysis of three primary prostatic sarcoma cases and literature review.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to evaluate the clinical presentations, diagnostic approaches, and treatment modalities for primary prostate sarcoma postradical prostatectomy, aiming to enhance its diagnosis and management. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of three male patients diagnosed with primary prostate sarcoma at Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, affiliated with Capital Medical University, from February 2014 to February 2024. All patients underwent transrectal prostate biopsies, which informed the decision to proceed with laparoscopic radical prostatectomies. After surgery, one patient received a combination of epirubicin and ifosfamide as immunotherapy, along with external beam radiotherapy. After comprehensive discussions regarding potential benefits and risks, the remaining two patients decided against undergoing radiotherapy and chemotherapy. RESULTS: Based on the pathological examination results, two patients were diagnosed with stromal sarcoma and one with spindle cell sarcoma, all classified as high-grade sarcomas. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that all three cases were positive for VIMENTIN, but other results did not show significant specificity. During the follow-up period, one patient died within 12 months, and two patients were lost to follow-up after 6 months. However, there were no evident signs of recurrence observed during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: Primary prostate sarcoma is extremely rare and typically has a poor prognosis once diagnosed. Early diagnosis should be based on pathological and immunohistochemical testing results, followed by prompt surgical treatment and adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Despite these measures, recurrence is common, underscoring the need for a detailed and appropriate treatment plan and systematic therapy for affected patients.

KBMeasure: small sample in-situ damage automatic measurement method based on the combination of keypoints detection and binocular 3D reconstruction for aero-engine blades.

Size is one of the important bases for the level assessment of aero-engine blade damage and the disposal method selection for damaged blades. Therefore, research on in-situ damage measurement of aero-engine blades is conducted in this paper. We break the inherent pipeline of "3D reconstruction and manual annotation of keypoints" in traditional damage measurement methods, and propose an in-situ damage automatic measurement method (KBMeasure) based on the combination of damage keypoints intelligent detection and binocular 3D reconstruction. KBMeasure replaces the manual annotation of damage keypoints, improves the damage measurement efficiency, and reduces the dependence on professional inspectors. The proposed method also overcomes the problem of high computational cost and low efficiency caused by redundant 3D reconstruction of the entire damaged area. For the characteristics of large changes in damage scale, low image resolution, the requirement of high-precision keypoints positioning, limited annotated data, and lightweight deployment in aero-enginge blade damage measurement task, a novel blade damage keypoints detection model (DKeyDet) with top-down framework is designed by introducing coordinate classification, semi-supervised learning, and knowledge distillation. Then, intersecting optical axis binocular model is used to estimate the spatial coordinates of the detected keypoints and compute the size of damage. The keypoints detection average precision (AP) and average recall (AR) of our method are 87.6 and 91.3, and the damage measurement size error (SE) is 0.08, which is superior to existing methods. This research provides a new theoretical support for in-situ damage automatic measurement for aero-engine in service, and provides what we believe is a novel idea for damage measurement of industrial components in other fields.

Telomerase RNA TERC and the PI3K-AKT pathway form a positive feedback loop to regulate cell proliferation independent of telomerase activity.

The core catalytic unit of telomerase comprises telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and telomerase RNA (TERC). Unlike TERT, which is predominantly expressed in cancer and stem cells, TERC is ubiquitously expressed in normal somatic cells without telomerase activity. However, the functions of TERC in these telomerase-negative cells remain elusive. Here, we reported positive feedback regulation between TERC and the PI3K-AKT pathway that controlled cell proliferation independent of telomerase activity in human fibroblasts. Mechanistically, we revealed that TERC activated the transcription of target genes from the PI3K-AKT pathway, such as PDPK1, by targeting their promoters. Overexpression of PDPK1 partially rescued the deficiency of AKT activation caused by TERC depletion. Furthermore, we found that FOXO1, a transcription factor negatively regulated by the PI3K-AKT pathway, bound to TERC promoter and suppressed its expression. Intriguingly, TERC-induced activation of the PI3K-AKT pathway also played a critical role in the proliferation of activated CD4+ T cells. Collectively, our findings identify a novel function of TERC that regulates the PI3K-AKT pathway via positive feedback to elevate cell proliferation independent of telomerase activity and provide a potential strategy to promote CD4+ T cells expansion that is responsible for enhancing adaptive immune reactions to defend against pathogens and tumor cells.

Small extracellular vesicles-derived from 3d cultured human nasal mucosal mesenchymal stem cells during differentiation to dopaminergic progenitors promote neural damage repair via miR-494-3p after manganese exposed mice.

Manganese (Mn) exposure is a common environmental risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD), with pathogenic mechanisms associated with dopaminergic neuron damage and neuroinflammation. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have emerged as a novel therapeutic approach for neural damage repair. The functional sEVs released from MSCs when they are induced into dopaminergic progenitors may have a better repair effect on neural injury. Therefore, we collected sEVs obtained from primary human nasal mucosal mesenchymal stem cells (hnmMSC-sEVs) or cells in the process of dopaminergic progenitor cell differentiation (da-hnmMSC-sEVs), which were cultured in a 3D dynamic system, and observed their repair effects and mechanisms of Mn-induced neural damage by intranasal administration of sEVs. In Mn-exposed mice, sEVs could reach the site of brain injury after intranasal administration, da-hnmMSC enhanced the repair effects of sEVs in neural damage and behavioral competence, as evidenced by restoration of motor dysfunction, enhanced neurogenesis, decreased microglia activation, up-regulation of anti-inflammatory factors, and down-regulation of pro-inflammatory factors. The transcriptomics of hnmMSC-sEVs and da-hnmMSC-sEVs revealed that miRNAs, especially miR-494-3p in sEVs were involved in neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. Overexpression of miR-494-3p in sEVs inhibited Mn-induced inflammation and neural injury, and its repair mechanism might be related to the down-regulation of CMPK2 and NLRP3 in vitro experiments. Thus, intranasal delivery of da-hnmMSC-sEVs is an effective strategy for the treatment of neural injury repair.

Drug Repurposing-Based Brain-Targeting Self-Assembly Nanoplatform Using Enhanced Ferroptosis against Glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma (GBM), the most aggressive and lethal form of malignant brain tumor, is a therapeutic challenge due to the drug filtration capabilities of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Interestingly, glioblastoma tends to resist apoptosis during chemotherapy, but is susceptible to ferroptosis. Developing therapies that can effectively target glioblastoma by crossing the BBB and evoke ferroptosis are, therefore, crucial for improving treatment outcomes. Herein, a versatile biomimetic nanoplatform, L-D-I/NPs, is designed that self-assembled by loading the antimalarial drug dihydroartemisinin (DHA) and the photosensitizer indocyanine green (ICG) onto lactoferrin (LF). This nanoplatform can selectively target glioblastoma by binding to low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1) and crossing the BBB, thus inducing glioblastoma cell ferroptosis by boosting intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and iron overload. In addition, L-D-I/NPs have demonstrated the ability to effectively suppress the progression of orthotopic glioblastoma and significantly prolong survival in a mouse glioblastoma model. This nanoplatform has facilitated the application of non-chemotherapeutic drugs in tumor treatment with minimal adverse effects, paving the way for highly efficient ferroptosis-based therapies for glioblastoma.

The tumor suppressor Tsc1 enforces quiescence of naive T cells to promote immune homeostasis and function.

The mechanisms that regulate T cell quiescence are poorly understood. We report that the tumor suppressor Tsc1 established a quiescence program in naive T cells by controlling cell size, cell cycle entry and responses to stimulation of the T cell antigen receptor. Abrogation of quiescence predisposed Tsc1-deficient T cells to apoptosis that resulted in loss of conventional T cells and invariant natural killer T cells. Loss of Tsc1 function dampened in vivo immune responses to bacterial infection. Tsc1-deficient T cells had more activity of the serine-threonine kinase complex mTORC1 but less mTORC2 activity, and activation of mTORC1 was essential for the disruption of immune homeostasis. Therefore, Tsc1-dependent control of mTOR is crucial in actively maintaining the quiescence of naive T cells to facilitate adaptive immune function.

Tunable Sulfated Alginate-based Hydrogel Platform with enhanced anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capacity for promoting burn wound repair.

Amidst progressive advancements in tissue engineering, there has been a significant enhancement in the efficacy of anti-inflammatory hydrogel dressings, addressing a myriad of clinical challenges on wound healing. A frequent complication during the initial stages of deep second-degree burn wound healing is the onset of an inflammatory storm, typically occurring without effective intervention. This event disrupts normal biological healing sequences, leading to undesirable regression. In response, we have customized a tunable, multidimensional anti-inflammatory hydrogel platform based on sulfated alginates (Algs), loaded with Prussian blue (PB) nanozymes. This platform competently eliminates surplus reactive oxygen species (ROS) present in the wound bed. Algs, functioning as a mimic of sulfated glycosaminoglycans (including heparin, heparan sulfate, and chondroitin sulfate) in the extracellular matrices (ECM), demonstrate a high affinity towards inflammatory chemokines such as interleukin-8 (IL-8) and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1). This affinity effectively impedes the infiltration of inflammatory cells into the wound. Concurrently, Algs markedly modulate the macrophage phenotype transition from M1 to M2. Ultimately, our potent anti-inflammatory hydrogels, which strategically target inflammatory chemokines, M1 macrophages, and ROS, successfully attenuate dysregulated hyperinflammation in wound sites. Precise immunomodulation administered to deep second-degree burn wounds in mice has demonstrated promotion of neovascular maturation, granulation tissue formation, collagen deposition, and wound closure. Our biomimetic hydrogels, therefore, represent a significant expansion in the repertoire of anti-inflammatory strategies available for clinical practice.

Crosstalk suppression for high-density traveling-wave MZM array based on static and dynamic combined analysis and circuit-level designs.

Electrical crosstalk severely degrades the performance of Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) array. However, conventional crosstalk suppression techniques incur losses of large amounts of chip area for signal isolation, which becomes a bottleneck of high-density electronic-photonic integrated circuit. In this paper, the electrical crosstalk of Traveling-Wave MZM array is originally analyzed with static and dynamic combined crosstalk coefficients. Circuit-level suppression techniques of differential dual-drive electrode schemes with tightly coupled electrode pairs and a virtual ground structure with full-matching termination circuit are investigated for noise-removing effects. Simulation results show that the dynamic electrical crosstalk coefficient between two adjacent modulators is reduced to below 1.5%, which is five times lower than the baseline. The electro-optical link measurements show that the BER is significantly reduced from 1E-3 to 1E-12 for multi-channel operation, which confirms the effectiveness of the crosstalk suppression techniques.

VMFNet: visual-microwave dual-modality real-time target detection model for detecting damage to curved radar absorbing materials.

Damage to radar absorbing materials (RAMs) reduces the stealth capabilities and battlefield survivability of the equipment. Research on RAM damage detection technology is key to outfield equipment maintenance. In this paper, an intelligent RAM damage detection method based on visual and microwave modalities is proposed. A compressed sensing planar-scanning microwave imaging method based on a range migration algorithm (RMA) imaging operator and fast Gaussian gridding nonuniform fast Fourier transform (FGG-NUFFT) is proposed, achieving high imaging quality and speed. A dual-modality, curved RAM dataset (DCR dataset) is constructed, composed of visual images and microwave images showing two kinds of damage: round shedding and strip cracks. A new dual-modality target detection model, the visual-microwave fusion network (VMFNet), is designed to detect RAM damage. Its mean average precision (mAP) reaches 81.87%, and its inference speed reaches 35.91 fps. A visual network (VisNet) and microwave network (MicNet) are designed as the backbone of VMFNet for extracting the visual and microwave features of RAMs. A path aggregation network (PANet) unit is designed to fuse the multiscale features of the two modalities, resulting in good retention of shallow-level features and high detection accuracy. The head contains different receptive fields and outputs three scales of detection results, effectively detecting damage of different sizes.

Intelligent recognition of composite material damage based on deep learning and infrared testing.

Composite materials are commonly used in aircraft, and the integrity of these materials affects both flight and safety performance. Damage detection technology involving infrared nondestructive testing has played an important role in damage detection in aircraft composite materials. Traditional manual detection methods are inefficient, and the use of intelligent detection methods can effectively improve detection efficiency. Due to the diverse types of damage that can occur in composite materials, this damage is difficult to distinguish solely from infrared images. The introduction of infrared signals, which is temporal signals, provides the possibility of judging the type of damage. In this paper, a 1D-YOLOv4 network is established. The network is based on the YOLOv4 network and adds a changing neck and a 1D-CNN for improvement. Testing shows that the algorithm can identify infrared images and infrared signals in composite materials. Its recognition accuracy is 98.3%, with an AP of 91.9%, and a kappa of 0.997. Comparing the network in this paper with networks such as YOLOv3, YOLOv4 and YOLOv4+Neck, the results show that the proposed network is more effective. At the same time, the detection effects of the original data, the fitted data, the first derivative data and the second derivative data are studied, and the detection effect of the first derivative data has the best outcome.

Recognition and detection of aero-engine blade damage based on Improved Cascade Mask R-CNN.

Aero-engine blades are an integral part of the aero-engine, and the integrity of these blades affects the flight performance and safety performance of an aircraft. The traditional manual detection method is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and inefficient. Hence, it is particularly important to use intelligent detection methods to detect and identify damage. In order to quickly and accurately identify the damage of the aero-engine blades, the present study proposes a network based on the Improved Cascade Mask R-CNN network-to establish the damage related to the aero-engine blades and detection models. The model can identify the damage type and locate and segment the area of damage. Furthermore, the accuracy rate can reach up to 98.81%, the Bbox-mAP is 78.7%, and the Segm-mAP is 77.4%. In comparing the Improved Cascade Mask R-CNN network with the YOLOv4, Cascade R-CNN, Res2Net, and Cascade Mask R-CNN networks, the results revealed that the network used in the present is excellent and effective.

Infrared and ultrasonic intelligent damage recognition of composite materials based on deep learning.

With the large-scale application of composite materials in military aircraft, various composite material detection technologies with infrared nondestructive and ultrasonic nondestructive testing as the core have played an important role in detecting composite material component damage in military aircraft. At present, the damage of composite materials is mostly recognized manually, which is time-consuming, laborious, and inefficient. It can effectively improve detection efficiency and accuracy by using intelligent detection methods to detect and recognize damage. Moreover, the effect of infrared detection is significantly reduced with increasing detection depth, while ultrasonic detection has shallow-blind areas. A cascade fusion R-CNN network is proposed in order to comprehensively identify composite material damage. This network realizes the intelligent fusion recognition of infrared and ultrasonic damage images of composite materials. The network is based on a cascade R-CNN network, using fusion modules and BiFPN for improvement. For the infrared image and ultrasonic C-scan image data set established in this paper, the algorithm can identify the type and location of damage detected by infrared and ultrasonic testing. Its recognition accuracy is 99.3% and mean average precision (mAP) is 90.4%. In the detection process, the characteristics of infrared and ultrasonic images are used to realize the recognition of damage depth. Compared to SSD, YOLOv4, faster R-CNN and cascade R-CNN, the network proposed in this paper is better and more effective.

[Analysis of the Development Mechanism of Cytokine Storm in Severe Burn Patients Complicated with Infection].

In the early stage of infection in severe burn patients, the killing function of the natural immune cells is continuously low, which causes the immune system to continuously and compensatorily secrete a large amount of cytokines to improve the ability to resist bacterial infection. Once the cytokine secretion is out of control, a cytokine storm will form. In the late stage of severe burn infection, the bone marrow mobilization caused by continuous acute myelodysplasia will be exhausted, the level of immune response will be low, and the secretion of anti-inflammatory factors promoting repair will be increased, which will lead to immune suppression. Cytokine storm after burn infection is caused by excessive proinflammatory stimulation, inadequate inflammatory regulation, or a combination of the two. From the perspective of immunology, this review will briefly summarize the changing process of immune response against pathogenic bacteria after severe burn infection, cytokine storm in the early stage of severe burn infection and the mechanism of occurrence and transformation of immunosuppression in the late stage of severe burn infection. We suggest that future research direction from the following aspects: Mechanism of low bacterial killing function of innate immune cells after severe burns; The mechanism by which acute myeloid hyperplasia leads to myeloid inhibitory cells (MDSC) and nucleated erythrocytosis during the development of cytokine storms; The key regulatory mechanism between macrophage phagocytic dysfunction and cytokine hyperactivity; The role and key regulatory mechanism of destruction of the dynamic balance of M1/M2 macrophages and effector/regulatory T cells in triggering immune suppression.

The role of long noncoding RNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent subtype of primary liver cancer and one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying HCC pathogenesis have not been fully understood. Emerging evidences have recently suggested the crucial role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the tumorigenesis and progression of HCC. Various HCC-related lncRNAs have been shown to possess aberrant expression and participate in cancerous phenotypes (e.g. persistent proliferation, evading apoptosis, accelerated vessel formation and gain of invasive capability) through their binding with DNA, RNA or proteins, or encoding small peptides. Thus, a deeper understanding of lncRNA dysregulation would provide new insights into HCC pathogenesis and novel tools for the early diagnosis and treatment of HCC. In this review, we summarize the dysregulation of lncRNAs expression in HCC and their tumor suppressive or oncogenic roles during HCC tumorigenesis. Moreover, we discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic potentials of lncRNAs in HCC.

LncRNA SNHG1 promotes EMT process in gastric cancer cells through regulation of the miR-15b/DCLK1/Notch1 axis.

BACKGROUND: Gastric cancer (GC) is a malignant tumour originating from the gastric mucosa epithelium that seriously threatens human health. DCLK1, miR-15b and lncRNA SNHG1 play potential roles in the occurrence of GC, but the mechanism remains unclear. METHODS: Gene expression of DCLK1, miR-15b and lncRNA SNHG1 was investigated by qRT-PCR. Protein expression was detected by Western blotting. Migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells was tested by a Transwell assay and wound healing assay. Cell proliferation was measured by an MTT assay. Finally, the correctness of the prediction results was confirmed by a dual-luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS: The expression of DCLK1, Notch1, and SNHG1 was increased in GC tissues, while the expression of miR-15b was decreased. Overexpression of lncRNA SNHG1 promoted the expression of DCLK1 and Nothc1 in GC cells. Moreover, miR-15b targeted DCLK1 to regulate Notch1 expression and inhibited the EMT process in GC cells. SNHG1 enhanced the effects of DCLK1/Notch1 on the EMT process through regulating miR-15b expression. CONCLUSION: SNHG1 enhances the EMT process in GC cells through DCLK1-mediated Notch1 pathway, which can be a potential target for treating GC.

Correction to: A multifunctional platform with single-NIR-laser-triggered photothermal and NO release for synergistic therapy against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria and their biofilms.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

A multifunctional platform with single-NIR-laser-triggered photothermal and NO release for synergistic therapy against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria and their biofilms.

BACKGROUND: Infectious diseases caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, especially MDR Gram-negative strains, have become a global public health challenge. Multifunctional nanomaterials for controlling MDR bacterial infections via eradication of planktonic bacteria and their biofilms are of great interest. RESULTS: In this study, we developed a multifunctional platform (TG-NO-B) with single NIR laser-triggered PTT and NO release for synergistic therapy against MDR Gram-negative bacteria and their biofilms. When located at the infected sites, TG-NO-B was able to selectively bind to the surfaces of Gram-negative bacterial cells and their biofilm matrix through covalent coupling between the BA groups of TG-NO-B and the bacterial LPS units, which could greatly improve the antibacterial efficiency, and reduce side damages to ambient normal tissues. Upon single NIR laser irradiation, TG-NO-B could generate hyperthermia and simultaneously release NO, which would synergistically disrupt bacterial cell membrane, further cause leakage and damage of intracellular components, and finally induce bacteria death. On one hand, the combination of NO and PTT could largely improve the antibacterial efficiency. On the other hand, the bacterial cell membrane damage could improve the permeability and sensitivity to heat, decrease the photothermal temperature and avoid damages caused by high temperature. Moreover, TG-NO-B could be effectively utilized for synergistic therapy against the in vivo infections of MDR Gram-negative bacteria and their biofilms and accelerate wound healing as well as exhibit excellent biocompatibility both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that TG-NO-B can be considered as a promising alternative for treating infections caused by MDR Gram-negative bacteria and their biofilms.

Effects of different doses of atorvastatin, rosuvastatin, and simvastatin on elderly patients with ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction (AMI) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

OBJECTIVE: To conduct a randomized double-blind prospective study to investigate effect of different doses of atorvastatin, rosuvastatin, and simvastatin on elderly patients with ST-elevation AMI after PCI. METHODS: One hundred and ninety-two AMI patients over 60 years old who underwent PCI were randomly divided into six groups: the low atorvastatin group, high atorvastatin group; low rosuvastatin group; high rosuvastatin group; low simvastatin group; high simvastatin group. Demographic data and clinical information as well as coronary angiography parameters were recorded. Plasma levels of CK-MB, BNP, ALT, and TnI were measured at 12 hr, 24 hr, and 1 week after PCI. Major cardiovascular events (MACE) were recorded and analyzed using Kaplan-Meier (K-M) curve. RESULTS: No significant differences were observed in angiographic and procedural characteristics. In all high dose groups, all levels of CK-MB, BNP, ALT, and TnI were significantly lower. However, after 1 week of PCI, only CK-MB, BNP, and TnI showed significant difference between high and low dose groups. Patients in high dose groups had significantly lower rates for surgical or percutaneous intervention, recurrence of angina, and rehospitalization. K-M curve analysis also showed cumulative incidence freedom time of overall MACE in high dose groups was significantly longer. No significant differences were found among different drugs with the same doses. CONCLUSION: Patients with higher doses had lower level of CK-MB, BNP, ALT, and TnI and lower occurrence of MACE after PCI.

Hsa_circ_0002468 Regulates the Neuronal Differentiation of SH-SY5Y Cells by Modulating the MiR-561/E2F8 Axis.

BACKGROUND It has been shown that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play a vital role in the regulation of neuronal differentiation; however, the precise role of circRNAs in human neuronal differentiation remains largely unexplored. MATERIAL AND METHODS A dual-luciferase reporter assay was carried out to confirm the targets of hsa_circ_0002468, miR-561, E2F8 (E2F transcription factor 8, a protein coding gene), and miR-561. We detected the expression of hsa_circ_0002468, miR-561, and E2F8 by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analyses. In addition, we performed the functional experiments by using a BrdU (5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine) assay and qRT-PCR analyses. RESULTS In this study, we showed that hsa_circ_0002468 can act as a sponge of miR-561 to regulate SH-SY5Y proliferation and differentiation. A bioinformatics analysis showed that hsa_circ_0002468 had a binding site that corresponded to miR-561, which was verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay. The expression of hsa_circ_0002468 was increased during SH-SY5Y differentiation and was inversely correlated with miR-561 expression. Using qRT-PCR analysis, we showed that hsa_circ_0002468 negatively regulated miR-561 in SH-SY5Y cells. Intriguingly, the overexpression of hsa_circ_0002468 increased SH-SY5Y differentiation and reduced SH-SY5Y proliferation; the suppression of hsa_circ_0002468 led to decreased SH-SY5Y differentiation levels and increased SH-SY5Y proliferation levels. Additionally, overexpression of miR-561 rescued the SH-SY5Y proliferation deficiency induced by hsa_circ_0002468 overexpression and abolished the SH-SY5Y differentiation promoted by hsa_circ_0002468. Furthermore, E2F8 was validated as a direct target of miR-561. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggested that hsa_circ_0002468 was a novel circRNA that regulated SH-SY5Y cell proliferation and differentiation via targeting the miR-561/E2F8 axis. Therefore, manipulating hsa_circ_0002468 in SH-SY5Y cells could be a novel strategy to develop novel interventions for the treatment of relevant neurological disorders.

Nitric oxide promotes epidermal stem cell proliferation via FOXG1-c-Myc signalling.

OBJECTIVE: Epidermal stem cells (ESCs) play a critical role in wound repair, but the mechanism underlying ESC proliferation is unclear. Here, we explored the effects of nitric oxide (NO) on ESC proliferation and the possible underlying mechanism. METHODS: The effect of NO (two NO donors, SNAP and spermine NONOate, were used) on cell proliferation was detected using cell proliferation and DNA synthesis assays. Thereafter, expression of FOXG1 and c-Myc induced by NO was determined by immunoblot analysis. pAdEasy-FOXG1 adenovirus and c-Myc siRNA plasmids were infected or transfected, respectively, into human ESCs to detect the effect of FOXG1 and c-Myc on NO-induced cell proliferation. Additionally, NO-induced ESC proliferation in vivo was detected by BrdU incorporation and a superficial second-degree mouse burn model. Moreover, the relationships among NO, FOXG1 and c-Myc were detected by western blotting, real-time PCR and dual luciferase assay. RESULTS: NO exerted a biphasic effect on ESC proliferation, and 100 µM SNAP and 10 µM spermine NONOate were the optimal concentrations to promote cell proliferation. Additionally, NO-promoted human ESC proliferation was mediated by FOXG1 and c-Myc in vitro and vivo. Furthermore, NO regulated FOXG1 expression through cGMP signalling, and NO-induced transcription of c-Myc was regulated by FOXG1-mediated c-Myc promoter activity. CONCLUSION: This study showed that the biphasic effect of NO on ESC proliferation as well as NO induced ESC proliferation were regulated by the cGMP/FOXG1/c-Myc signalling pathway, suggesting that NO may serve as a new disparate target for wound healing.