RESUMO
The direct determination method of trace composition, Fe2O3, TiO2, MnO, K2O, Na2O, CaO and MgO, and impurity elements, Pb, Cr, Cd, Cu and As, in kaolin was studied by using inductive coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). After the samples were dissolved completely in HF-HNO3 at low temperature, silicon was volatilized in the form of SiF4 and separated from the solution. Then the solution was continually evaporated to dry to get the solid substance which was dissolved by the nitric acid (1+3). The internal elements 45Sc, 115In and 205Tl were added on line and the effect of matrix, interface and fluctuation of instrument was overcome effectively by using internal standard calibration method. By choosing the optional operating parameters and appropriate isotopes of element to be detected, the influence of mass spectrometry interference was conquered effectively. The effect of temperature in samples preparation on the determination of arsenic was tested. The recovery for spiking sample is in the range from 95.0% to 101.0% and the relative standard deviation is in the range from 1.1% to 2.01%. In order to check the accuracy of the method, the kaolin standard reference material GBW03122 was also analyzed, and the analytical values conformed to standard values. This method has the characteristics of being simple, rapid and accurate, and can be used in the testing of trace composition and impurity elements in kaolin and ceramic product.
RESUMO
In this paper, a new kind of inorganic polymeric flocculant (IPF)-polysilicate ferro-aluminum sulfate (PSFA) was adopted to treat banknote printing wastewater. Effects of flocculants dosage on the colour and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) removal were examined. Experiments revealed that maximal colour removal efficiency of 98% and COD removal efficiency of 85% could be achieved at the optimal dosage of 30.33 g/L. And the colour and COD removal results treated by the PSFA flocculant were compared with those treated by aluminum sulfate. Experimental results showed that the most attracting parts of PSFA as compared with that of Al(2)(SO(4))(3) were: (i) lower COD and colour contained effluents; (ii) less quantity and volume sludge; (iii) better dewatering behaviour and solid-liquid separation flocs; (iv) providing a possibility to eliminate the high labour intensity plate-frame pressure procedure and replace it by ordinary filtration. Therefore, the using of PSFA generally offered a lower cost of operation and maintenance choice to treat banknote printing wastewater as compared to that of Al(2)(SO(4))(3).