[Keyhole Approach Endoscopic Surgery versus Stereotactic Aspiration plus Urokinase in Treating Basal Ganglia Hypertensive Intracerebral Hemorrhage].

Objective To compare the short-and long-term effect of two minimal invasive surgical therapies including keyhole approach endoscopic surgery(KAES)and stereotactic aspiration plus urokinase(SAU)in treating basal ganglia hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage(hICH). Methods The clinical data of 117 hICH patients(63 received KAES and 54 received SAU)were retrospectively analyzed.The operation time,blood loss during surgery,and drainage time were compared between two groups.The residual hematoma volume,hematoma clearance rate(HCR),Glasgow coma scale(GCS)score,and National Institute of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)score were recorded at baseline and in the ultra-early stage,early stage,and sub-early stage after surgery.The 30-day mortality and serious adverse events were assessed and the 6-month modified Rankin scale(mRS)score was rated.Results Baseline data showed no significant difference between these two groups.Compared with the SAU group,the KAES group had significantly longer operation time,more intraoperative blood loss,and shorter drainage time(all P<0.001).In the ultra-early stage after surgery,HCR was significantly higher in the KAES group(P<0.001),whereas in the early and sub-early stage,HCR showed no significant differences(all P>0.05).In the ultra-early and early stage,the GCS and NIHSS scores showed no significant differences between two groups(all P>0.05),whereas in the sub-early stage,the NIHSS score was better in the SAU group(P=0.034).The 30-day mortality and incidences of serious adverse events showed no significant difference(all P>0.05).The good recovery(mRS≤3)at 6-months follow-up showed no significant difference between the two groups(P=0.413).Conclusions Both KAES and SAU are safe and effective in treating basal ganglia hICH.In the ultra-early stage after surgery,KAES achieves better residual hematoma volume and HCR,and patients undergoing SAU quickly catch up.The short-and long-term effectiveness of SAU is comparable or even superior to KAES.

Development and optimization of an intergeneric conjugation system and analysis of promoter activity in Streptomyces rimosus M527.

An efficient genetic transformation system and suitable promoters are essential prerequisites for gene expression studies and genetic engineering in streptomycetes. In this study, firstly, a genetic transformation system based on intergeneric conjugation was developed in Streptomyces rimosus M527, a bacterial strain which exhibits strong antagonistic activity against a broad range of plant-pathogenic fungi. Some experimental parameters involved in this procedure were optimized, including the conjugative media, ratio of donor to recipient, heat shock temperature, and incubation time of mixed culture. Under the optimal conditions, a maximal conjugation frequency of 3.05×10-5 per recipient was obtained. Subsequently, based on the above developed and optimized transformation system, the synthetic promoters SPL-21 and SPL-57, a native promoter potrB, and a constitutive promoter permE* commonly used for gene expression in streptomycetes were selected and their activity was analyzed using gusA as a reporter gene in S. rimosus M527. Among the four tested promoters, SPL-21 exhibited the strongest expression activity and gave rise to a 2.2-fold increase in ß-glucuronidase (GUS) activity compared with the control promoter permE*. Promoter SPL-57 showed activity comparable to that of permE*. Promoter potrB, which showed the lowest activity, showed a 50% decrease in GUS activity compared with the control permE*. The transformation system developed in this study and the tested promotors provide a basis for the further modification of S. rimosus M527.