Alterations of nasal microbiome in eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis.

BACKGROUND: Exposure to microbes may be important in the development of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Dysbiosis of the nasal microbiome is considered to be related to CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). The link between the nasal microbiota and eosinophilic CRSwNP (eCRSwNP) has rarely been studied. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to rigorously characterize nasal dysbiosis in a cohort of patients with eCRSwNP and compare the nasal microbiomes of these patients with those of healthy controls (HCs). METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study of 34 patients with eCRSwNP, 10 patients without CRSwNP, and 44 HCs by using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. An independent cohort of 14 patients with eCRSwNP, 9 patients without CRSwNP, and 11 HCs was used to validate the results. RESULTS: Compared with the nasal microbiome of healthy controls, the nasal microbiome of patients with eCRSwNP was characterized by higher α-diversity (Shannon and Chao1 index) and a distinct composition of microbes. Notably, the distinct differences in microbial composition between patients with eCRSwNP and HCs were significantly correlated with eCRSwNP disease status. Furthermore, in a diagnostic model generated by using these differences, a combination of 15 genera could be used to distinguish patients with eCRSwNP from HCs, with an area under the curve of approximately 0.8 in both the exploration and validation cohorts. CONCLUSION: Our study establishes the compositional alterations in the nasal microbiome in eCRSwNP and suggests the potential for using the nasal microbiota as a noninvasive predictive classifier for the diagnosis of eCRSwNP.

MicroRNA-483 Functions as an Oncogene in Colorectal Cancer.

Colorectal cancer is the third leading cancer-related fatal disease in the world, and its morbidity and mortality are increasing. In recent years, the researches of miRNAs have provided new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer. Although previous studies have confirmed the abnormal expression of miR-483 in different types of tumors, the expression level of miR-483 in colorectal cancer remains to be elucidated. The effect of up-regulated miR-483 on colorectal cancer cell function was detected by cell function test. In order to further clarify the effect of up-regulation of miR-483 on colorectal cancer cells, we carried out tumorigenesis experiments in nude mice. The results showed that after transplantation of colorectal cancer cells subcutaneously in nude mice, the tumors in the over-expression group of miR-483 were significantly larger than those in the control group. miR-483 is an important regulator of the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer. The results of this study are helpful to understand the development of colorectal cancer and to formulate diagnosis and treatment strategies for colorectal cancer.