Self-medication practices during the COVID-19 pandemic among the adult population in Peru: A cross-sectional survey.

Self-medication impacts both negatively and positively the health of people, which has become evident during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study aimed to assess the prevalence of self-medicated drugs used for respiratory symptoms, as COVID-19 preventive, for its symptoms or once tested positive. To determine the perception of symptom relief and demographic variables that promote self-medication in Peru. We performed a cross-sectional, analytical, multicenter study in 3792 study respondents on the use, the reason for use, and perception of relief after the use of six drugs during the quarantine period. An online questionnaire was developed, pretested and submitted to the general public. Multivariable logistic regression was used to ascertain factors that influence an individual's desire to self-medicate, associations were considered significant at p < 0.05 and using region (coast, mountain and jungle) as cluster group. The majority of respondents self-medicated with acetaminophen for respiratory symptoms and mainly because they had a cold or flu. It was observed that all the surveyed drugs (acetaminophen, ibuprofen, azithromycin, penicillin, antiretrovirals and hydroxychloroquine) were consumed for various symptoms including: fever, fatigue, cough, sneezing, muscle pain, nasal congestion, sore throat, headache and breathing difficulty. Over 90% of respondents perceived relief of at least one symptom. Multivariable logistic regression showed that older people have a higher frequency of antiretroviral self-medication, respondents who currently have a job had a higher frequency of penicillin self-medication, and that respondents from the Andes consumed less acetaminophen, while the ones from the rainforest consumed it more. There were significant percentages of self-medication, including drugs without sufficient scientific evidence. Age, region where one lived and job status were variables associated with self-medication frequency. Continuous awareness and sensitization about the risks of self-medication are warranted.

Editorial endogamy in some Latin American dental journals

Objective: Scientific publication in a journal by a member of the editorial committee of the same journal is known as authorial endogamy. To determine the presence of authorial endogamy in some Latin American dental journals. Material and Methods: Observational, descriptive, retrospective study. Eight dental journals from Brazil, Cuba and Chile indexed to Scopus in the period of 2018 - 2021 were analyzed. An evaluation was made of the manuscripts that include a member of the editorial committee as author. The results were expressed in percentages and frequency measurements and for the bivariate analysis, the Mann-Whitney U test and Fisher's exact test were used (p<0.05). Results: A total of 2026 articles, from which 14.52% (n=256), of authorial endogamy were found. The endogamy articles were mostly original articles 98.05% (n=252), experimental design 39.70% (n=102), advisory council 49.36% (n=153), co-authorship position 58.97% (n=184), with presence of 1 endogamic author per article 82.94% (n=214), the number of days from submission to acceptance were statistically lower in endogamic articles (p=0.003). Conclusion: The presence of editorial endogamy in some dental journals in Latin America was low, this finding is more frequent in original articles, mostly from the advisory board and as co-author. Additionally; it was found that endogamic articles took less days in editorial process. (AU)

Objetivo: A publicação científica em uma revista por um membro do comitê editorial da mesma revista é conhecido como endogamia autoral. Determinar a presença de endogamia autoral em algumas revistas odontológicas na América Latina. Material e Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo observacional e descritivo. Oito revistas odontológicas do Brasil, Cuba e Chile, indexadas na Scopus no período entre 2018 - 2021 foram analisadas. Foi realizada uma avaliação dos artigos que incluíam autores membros do comitê editorial. Os resultados foram expressos em porcentagem e medidas de frequência, e para a análise de bivariância foram utilizados o teste de Mann-Whitney U e teste exato de Fisher (p<0,05). Resultados: Foi um total de 2026 artigos, entre os quais 14,52% (n=256) foram detectados endogamia autoral. Os artigos endogâmicos foram, em sua maioria, artigos originais 98,05% (n=252), desenho experimental 39,70% (n=102), conselho consultivo 49,36% (n=153), em posição de co-autoria 58,97% (n=184), com a presença de 1 autor endogâmico por autor 82,94% (n=214), e o número de dias desde a submissão até o aceite foram estatisticamente menores em artigos endogâmicos (p=0,003). Conclusão: A presença de endogamia editorial em algumas revistas odontológicas na América Latina foi baixa, sendo este achado mais frequente em artigos originais, predominantemente em conselho consultivo e como co-autor. Adicionalmente, foi observado que artigos endogâmicos levaram menos dias no processo editorial (AU)

Enfermedades ocupacionales en minería en el Perú, 2011-2020 / Occupational diseases in mining in Peru, 2011-2020

Introducción: La minería es una ocupación antigua caracterizada como ardua y susceptible a lesiones y/o enfermedades ocupacionales. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de enfermedades ocupacionales en minería en el Perú, 2011-2020. Material y Métodos: Estudio observacional, retrospectivo, de análisis secundario de datos. Se analizaron las enfermedades ocupacionales en minería en el Perú, obtenido a través de la página web del Ministerio de Energía y Minas (http://www.minem.gob.pe/_estadistica.php?idSector=1&idEstadistica=10187), durante el 2011 a 2020. Las variables analizadas fueron: Enfermedades ocupacionales en minería, según el sexo, edad y tipo de agente causal. Se realizó la cuantificación estadística mediante el paquete estadístico SPSS v. 21 a través de tablas y figuras de frecuencias y porcentajes. Resultados: Las enfermedades ocupacionales en minería en el Perú acumularon un total de 37899 casos en los diez años evaluados, de ellos la hipoacusia fue la más frecuente representando el 90.74% (n=35891), seguido de la neumoconiosis 4.94% (n=1875) y la intoxicación con mercurio 0.03% (n=12). El sexo más afectado fue el masculino (99.4%), en comparación al femenino (0.6%), se encontró una mayor frecuencia de enfermedades ocupacionales causadas por agentes físicos 38 181 (95,09%), seguido por los agentes químicos 1954 (4,87%) y biológicos 15 (0,04%). Conclusión: Se reportaron en total 37899 enfermedades ocupacionales causadas por la actividad minera en el Perú, de los cuales la hipoacusia, neumoconiosis y la intoxicación por mercurio fueron los más frecuentes. Además, el sexo más afectado fue el masculino y los agentes físicos causaron más enfermedades ocupaciones en comparación a los agentes químicos y biológicos. (AU)

Introduction: Mining is an ancient occupation characterized as arduous and susceptible to occupational injuries and / or diseases. Objective: To determine the prevalence of occupational diseases in mining in Peru, 2011-2020. Methods: Observational, retrospective study of secondary data analysis. Occupational diseases in mining in Peru were analyzed, obtained through the website of the Ministry of Energy and Mines (http://www.minem.gob.pe/_estadistica.php?idSector=1&idEstadistica=10187), during the 2011 to 2020. The variables analyzed were: Occupational diseases in mining, according to sex, age and type of causal agent. Statistical quantification was performed using the SPSS v. 21 through tables and figures of frequencies and percentages. Results: Occupational diseases in mining in Peru accumulated a total of 37899 cases in the ten years evaluated, of which hearing loss was the most frequent representing 90.74% (n = 35891), followed by pneumoconiosis 4.94% (n = 1875 ) and mercury poisoning 0.03% (n = 12). The most affected sex was male (99.4%), compared to female (0.6%), a higher frequency of occupational diseases caused by physical agents was found 38 181 (95.09%), followed by chemical agents 1954 (4, 87%) and biological 15 (0.04%). Conclusion: A total of 37,899 occupational diseases caused by mining activity were reported in Peru, of which hearing loss, pneumoconiosis and mercury poisoning were the most frequent. Furthermore, the sex most affected was male and physical agents caused more occupational diseases compared to chemical and biological agents. (AU)

Producción científica estudiantil en revistas odontológicas indexadas en SciELO, 2018 y 2019 / Students' scientific production in dental journals indexed in SciELO, 2018 and 2019

Introducción: Publicar artículos desde el pregrado permite al estudiante culminar el proceso de investigación y desarrollar habilidades útiles para el posgrado. Objetivo: Describir la producción científica estudiantil en las revistas odontológicas indexadas en la colección SciELO durante los años 2018 y 2019. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal, considerando como unidad de análisis los artículos. Se consideraron las revistas indexadas en la colección en el momento de las búsquedas, así como las que incluyeron en sus artículos información relacionada con el grado académico de los autores. Se estudiaron las siguientes variables: nombre de la revista, factor de impacto, artículos con participación estudiantil, año de publicación, idiomas, tipologías, temáticas, número de estudiantes por artículo, tipos y modalidad de autoría, países, universidades y citas. Resultados: Se evaluaron nueve revistas y en tres no se encontraron artículos con autoría estudiantil. Se publicaron 889 artículos, de los cuales el 3,49 por ciento tuvo participación de estudiantes. International Journal of Odontostomatology (5,41 por ciento) fue la revista con más artículos con autoría estudiantil. El 67,74 por ciento de los artículos fueron originales. Los autores estudiantiles brasileños y peruanos publicaron igual número de artículos (n = 8). El 19,35 por ciento de los artículos investigó temas de cirugía maxilofacial. Tres artículos estuvieron afiliados a la peruana Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Conclusiones: La producción científica estudiantil en las revistas odontológicas indexadas en SciELO es baja y se concentra principalmente en los artículos originales(AU)

Introduction: Publishing articles during undergraduate training makes it possible for students to complete the research process and develop skills useful for graduate education. Objective: Describe students' scientific production in dental journals indexed in the SciELO collection during the years 2018 and 2019. Methods: A cross-sectional observational descriptive study was conducted in which articles were the units of analysis. The journals considered were those indexed in the collection when the search was performed and those including articles containing information related to the academic degree of authors. The variables considered were journal name, impact factor, articles with students' participation, year of publication, languages, typologies, topics, number of students per article, authorship types and modes, countries, universities and citations. Results: Nine journals were evaluated, three of which did not contain any article of student authorship. A total 889 articles were published, with students participating in 3.49 percent of them. The International Journal of Odontostomatology (5.41 percent) was the journal with the largest number of articles of student authorship. 67.74 percent of the articles were original. Brazilian and Peruvian student authors published the same number of articles (n = 8). 19.35 percent of the articles dealt with topics related to maxillofacial surgery. Three articles were affiliated to the Peruvian National University of San Marcos. Conclusions: Students' scientific production is low in dental journals indexed in SciELO, and is mainly composed of original articles(AU)

COVID-19 y su relación con poblaciones vulnerables / COVID-19 and its relationship with vulnerable populations

Introducción: En este momento, vale la pena reflexionar sobre quién es más vulnerable a las pandemias. Si bien es cierto que la COVID-19 tiene el potencial de impactar a todos en la sociedad, sin embargo, este será mayor en poblaciones vulnerables. Objetivo: Describir la relación de la COVID-19 en poblaciones vulnerables. Material y Método: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica a partir de un total de 84 referencias bibliográficas. Se utilizaron artículos científicos en inglés y español, en formato electrónico, disponibles en las bases de datos PubMed, Scopus, Medline, SciELO, y en el motor de búsqueda Google Académico, además se exploró en páginas web de los ministerios de salud, OMS, OPS, Infomed y páginas web nacionales e internacionales. Se analizó la calidad, fiabilidad y validez de los artículos seleccionados para realizar una adecuada revisión. Desarrollo: En los diferentes colectivos vulnerables analizados se evidenció el incremento del riesgo de contagio y a desarrollar estadios graves por infección del SARS-CoV-2, aun no existe un consenso en cuanto al manejo y tratamiento de la COVID-19 en adultos mayores, personas con comorbilidad e imnunosuprimidos. Conclusiones: Las poblaciones vulnerables se verán más afectados por esta pandemia, es indispensable el desarrollo de políticas en salud equitativas e igualitarias en estos colectivos(AU)

Introduction: Currently, it is worth reflecting on who is most vulnerable to pandemics. Although it is true that COVID-19 has the potential to impact everyone in society, it will be greater in vulnerable populations. Objective: To describe the relationship of COVID-19 in vulnerable populations. Material and Method: A bibliographic review was made from a total of 84 bibliographic references. Scientific articles in electronic format in English and Spanish were used; they were available from databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Medline, SciELO, and the Google Scholar search engine. Websites of the Ministries of Health, WHO, PAHO, INFOMED and national and international web pages were also explored. The quality, reliability and validity of the selected articles were analyzed to carry out an adequate review. Development: In the different vulnerable groups analyzed, the increased risk of contagion and the development of severe stages due to SARS-CoV-2 infection was evidenced. There is still no consensus regarding the management and treatment of COVID-19 in older adults, people with comorbidity and immunosuppressed. Conclusions: Vulnerable populations will be more affected by this pandemic; it is essential to develop equitable and egalitarian health policies in these groups(AU)