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1.
Scand J Public Health ; 50(5): 593-600, 2022 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34030546

RESUMO

AIMS: As populations are ageing worldwide, it is important to identify strategies to promote successful ageing. We investigate how working conditions throughout working life are associated with successful ageing in later life. METHODS: Data from two nationally representative longitudinal Swedish surveys were linked (n=674). In 1991, respondents were asked about their first occupation, occupations at ages 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 and 50 years and their last recorded occupation. Occupations were matched with job exposure matrices to measure working conditions at each of these time points. Random effects growth curve models were used to calculate intra-individual trajectories of working conditions. Successful ageing, operationalised using an index including social and leisure activity, cognitive and physical function and the absence of diseases, was measured at follow-up in 2014 (age 70 years and older). Multivariable ordered logistic regressions were used to assess the association between trajectories of working conditions and successful ageing. RESULTS: Intellectually stimulating work; that is, substantive complexity, in the beginning of one's career followed by an accumulation of more intellectually stimulating work throughout working life was associated with higher levels of successful ageing. In contrast, a history of stressful, hazardous or physically demanding work was associated with lower levels of successful ageing. CONCLUSIONS: Promoting a healthy workplace, by supporting intellectually stimulating work and reducing physically demanding and stressful jobs, may contribute to successful ageing after retirement. In particular, it appears that interventions early in one's employment career could have positive, long-term effects.


Assuntos
Envelhecimento , Local de Trabalho , Idoso , Emprego , Humanos , Ocupações , Aposentadoria/psicologia , Local de Trabalho/psicologia
2.
Indian J Clin Biochem ; 37(4): 432-440, 2022 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36262782

RESUMO

There are few studies regarding body composition and metabolic syndrome (MetS) association in older adults. To evaluate the association between MetS and body composition indices in a large-scale population of subjects with an age of 50 and up. This study was based on the data from Neyshabur Longitudinal Study on Ageing (NeLSA) in a total of 7462 people of Neyshabur city in IRAN. The best cut-off scores and AUC value of body composition variables for having association with likelihood of MetS were determined by using a receiver operating curve analysis. Each unit increase in the Waist/Hip ratio, the odds of having MetS increase 3-6 times (OR: 4.937, 95%CI: 3.930, 6.203 in men; OR: 3.322, 95%CI: 2.259, 4.884 in women). In addition, in the case of BMI (OR: 1.256, 95% Cl: 1.226, 1.286 in men; OR: 1.104, 95% Cl: 1.086, 1.121 in women) and BFM (OR: 1.119, 95% Cl: 1.105, 1.133 in men; OR: 1.050, 95% Cl: 1.041, 1.060 in women), the chance of having MetS increases with increasing these variables. Totally, BMI and BFM showed the best AUC values. The optimal cut-off values for BMI in men was 26.45 and in women was 27.35 and for BFM in men was 23.35 and in women was 26.85. These results suggest that adiposity measures such as BMI and BFM are associated with likelihood of having MetS in subjects with an age of 50 and up, and that avoiding high adiposity is important to prevent MetS incidence.

3.
Qual Life Res ; 30(8): 2161-2170, 2021 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33843014

RESUMO

PURPOSE: Maintaining or improving quality of life (QoL) in later life has become a major policy objective. Yet we currently know little about how QoL develops at older ages. The few studies that have modelled QoL change across time for older adults have used 'averaged' trajectories. However, this ignores the variations in the way QoL develops between groups of older adults. METHODS: We took a theoretically informed 'capabilities approach' to measuring QoL. We used four waves of data, covering 6 years, from the New Zealand Health, Work and Retirement Study (NZHWR) (N = 3223) to explore whether distinct QoL trajectories existed. NZHWR is a nationally representative longitudinal study of community-dwelling adults aged 50 + in New Zealand. Growth mixture modelling was applied to identify trajectories over time and multinomial regressions were calculated to test baseline differences in demographic variables (including age, gender, ethnicity, education and economic living standards). RESULTS: We found five QoL trajectories: (1) high and stable (51.94%); (2) average and declining (22.74%); (3) low and increasing (9.62%); (4) low and declining (10.61%); (5) low and stable (5.09%). Several differences across profiles in baseline demographic factors were identified, with economic living standards differentiating between all profiles. CONCLUSIONS: The trajectory profiles demonstrate that both maintaining and even improving QoL in later life is possible. This has implications for our capacity to develop nuanced policies for diverse groups of older adults.


Assuntos
Qualidade de Vida/psicologia , Aposentadoria , Idoso , Envelhecimento , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nova Zelândia , Aposentadoria/psicologia , Fatores Socioeconômicos
4.
J Sleep Res ; 29(2): e12949, 2020 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31793085

RESUMO

Work stress and poor sleep are closely related in cross-sectional data, but evidence from prospective data is limited. We analysed how perceived stress and work stressors (work demands, decision authority and workplace social support) are related to key dimensions of insomnia over time, using structural equation modelling. Biennial measurements from a large sample of the working population in Sweden enabled us to analyse both the relationship from stress to sleep as well as that from sleep to stress. Overall, we found reciprocal relations between insomnia and all four stress measures. However, looking at the relation between each dimension of insomnia and each stress measure, there were some differences in direction of effects. In the direction from stress to sleep, all work stressors as well as perceived stress predicted both difficulties initiating sleep and difficulties maintaining sleep. The same was found for non-restorative sleep, with the exception for decision authority. In the opposite direction, difficulties maintaining sleep predicted increased levels of work demands and perceived stress. Difficulties initiating sleep stood out among the insomnia symptoms as not predicting any of the stress measures, while non-restorative sleep was the only symptom predicting all stress measures. The results advance the understanding of the stress-sleep relationship and indicate a potential vicious circle between insomnia and perceived stress as well as work stressors, suggesting that the workplace could be an arena for interventions to alleviate insomnia.


Assuntos
Estresse Ocupacional/complicações , Distúrbios do Início e da Manutenção do Sono/psicologia , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Adulto Jovem
5.
Eur J Public Health ; 30(1): 158-163, 2020 02 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31326988

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Retirement has been associated with improved mental health, but it is unclear how much this is due to the removal of work-related stressors. We examined rates of psychotropic medication use before and after the transition to disability retirement due to mental, musculoskeletal and other causes by pre-retirement levels of perceived work stress (effort-reward imbalance, ERI). METHODS: Register-based date and diagnosis of disability retirement of 2766 participants of the Finnish Public Sector study cohort were linked to survey data on ERI, social- and health-related covariates, and to national records on prescribed reimbursed psychotropic medication, measured as defined daily doses (DDDs). Follow-up for DDDs was 2-5 years before and after disability retirement. We assessed differences in the levels of DDDs before and after retirement among those with high vs. low level of pre-retirement ERI with repeated measures regression. RESULTS: Those with high (vs. low) levels of ERI used slightly more psychotropic medication before disability retirement due to mental disorders [rate ratio (RR) 1.14, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.94-1.37], but after retirement this difference attenuated (RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.80-1.10, P for interaction 0.02). Such a change was not observed for the other causes of disability retirement. CONCLUSIONS: The level of psychotropic medication use over the transition to disability retirement due to mental, but not musculoskeletal or other, causes was modified by pre-retirement perceived work-related stress. This suggests that among people retiring due to mental disorders those who had stressful jobs benefit from retirement more than those with low levels of work-related stress.


Assuntos
Pessoas com Deficiência , Estresse Ocupacional , Finlândia , Humanos , Psicotrópicos/uso terapêutico , Aposentadoria
6.
BMC Public Health ; 19(1): 1525, 2019 Nov 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31727156

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Prior analyses of class differences in health trajectories among employees have often omitted women and transitions to retirement. We examined social class trajectories in physical functioning among Finnish female employees from midlife to retirement age, and whether transitions to retirement modified these trajectories. METHODS: Data were derived from mail surveys at Phases 1-3 (2000-2012) among employees of the City of Helsinki, Finland, aged 40-60 at baseline (n = 8960, 80% women, response rates 69-83%). We included respondents to any of the Phases 1-3 aged 40-72 (n = 6976). We distinguished higher and lower social classes, and employment statuses, i.e. employed, mandatorily retired and disability-retired. Short Form 36 physical component summary was used to measure physical functioning. Mixed-effect growth curve models were used to assess the association of social class and employment status with functioning over age. RESULTS: For employed women, physical functioning deteriorated faster in the lower than in the higher class, with class trajectories widening in ages 40-65. After mandatory retirement, functioning deteriorated in both classes, whereas after disability retirement, functioning improved. Across employment statuses, functioning converged at older ages, and the disability-retired caught up with the better functioning of the employed and mandatorily retired. Employment status modified the trajectories, as among the continuously employed and mandatorily retired women functioning deteriorated, but among the disability-retired, trajectories improved and reached a similar level with employed and mandatorily retired women. Social class inequalities remained in all employment status groups. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, our results suggest evidence for the cumulative disadvantage model, with accumulating work exposures among lower classes potentially contributing to their trajectories of ill health.


Assuntos
Emprego , Nível de Saúde , Desempenho Físico Funcional , Classe Social , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Pessoas com Deficiência , Feminino , Finlândia , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Aposentadoria , Fatores Sexuais , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Trabalho
7.
Eur J Public Health ; 29(2): 267-272, 2019 04 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30307554

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: There are striking socioeconomic differences in life expectancy, but less is known about inequalities in healthy life expectancy and disease-free life expectancy. We estimated socioeconomic differences in health expectancies in four studies in England, Finland, France and Sweden. METHODS: We estimated socioeconomic differences in health expectancies using data drawn from repeated waves of the four cohorts for two indicators: (i) self-rated health and (ii) chronic diseases (cardiovascular, cancer, respiratory and diabetes). Socioeconomic position was measured by occupational position. Multistate life table models were used to estimate healthy and chronic disease-free life expectancy from ages 50 to 75. RESULTS: In all cohorts, we found inequalities in healthy life expectancy according to socioeconomic position. In England, both women and men in the higher positions could expect 82-83% of their life between ages 50 and 75 to be in good health compared to 68% for those in lower positions. The figures were 75% compared to 47-50% for Finland; 85-87% compared to 77-79% for France and 80-83% compared to 72-75% for Sweden. Those in higher occupational positions could expect more years in good health (2.1-6.8 years) and without chronic diseases (0.5-2.3 years) from ages 50 to 75. CONCLUSION: There are inequalities in healthy life expectancy between ages 50 and 75 according to occupational position. These results suggest that reducing socioeconomic inequalities would make an important contribution to extending healthy life expectancy and disease-free life expectancy.


Assuntos
Disparidades nos Níveis de Saúde , Envelhecimento Saudável , Expectativa de Vida , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Idoso , Doença Crônica/epidemiologia , Estudos de Coortes , Europa (Continente) , Feminino , Humanos , Tábuas de Vida , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Autorrelato
8.
Int Arch Occup Environ Health ; 88(7): 849-59, 2015 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25527963

RESUMO

PURPOSE: Self-rated health (SRH) is a well-established measure within social epidemiology. However, most studies on SRH tend to be amongst the general population, where SRH has been found to be lower in women than in men. Few studies have specifically investigated patterns of SRH just within an employed population. The purpose of this study was to (1) investigate whether there are gender differences in reporting suboptimal SRH in an employed Swedish population and (2) study whether these differences could be explained by socio-economic, work-, health- and/or lifestyle-related factors. METHODS: This study is cross-sectional analysis of data from the 2008 wave of Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health, a nationally representative cohort of the Swedish working population. This study includes the responses of 9,756 employed individuals. Logistic regression analyses were performed. RESULTS: After adjusting for age, income and working hours (full vs. part time), men had significantly higher odds of suboptimal SRH than women OR 1.38 (95 % CI 1.22-1.55). With stepwise inclusion of health factors such as long-standing disease, sleep quality and fatigue, the OR for men increased to 1.65 (95 % CI 1.44-1.89). Gender differences in reporting suboptimal SRH were attenuated to 1.29 (95 % CI 1.11-1.51) with the inclusion of lifestyle factors. However, they remained significant after inclusion of all explanatory variables. CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to findings in general population studies, our results show that men in employment have higher odds of suboptimal SRH than their female counterparts. As SRH is an important indicator of health with a strong association with mortality, an excess risk of suboptimal SRH amongst employed men shows that more attention should be paid to men's health in the workplace.


Assuntos
Autoavaliação Diagnóstica , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos/estatística & dados numéricos , Doenças Profissionais/psicologia , Saúde Ocupacional/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos Transversais , Fadiga/epidemiologia , Fadiga/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Estilo de Vida , Modelos Logísticos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças Profissionais/epidemiologia , Distribuição por Sexo , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/epidemiologia , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/psicologia , Suécia/epidemiologia , Adulto Jovem
9.
Aging Ment Health ; 19(7): 610-21, 2015 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25175073

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: As African populations begin to age developing accurate measures of quality of life (QoL) in later life for use on the continent is becoming imperative. This study evaluates the measurement and predictors of QoL amongst older Ethiopians. METHOD: The data come from a multi-stage cluster sample of 214 people aged 55 and over living in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. QoL was measured using the CASP-12(v2). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to test the properties of the scale. The relationships between social support, religiosity/spirituality and socio-demographic factors on QoL were tested with linear regression analyses. RESULTS: The CASP subscales exhibited good internal reliability and the CFA provides reasonable support for an 11-item 4-factor model (CFI, 0.954; RMSEA 0.075). Multivariate regression analyses suggest that both religiousness/spirituality and social support have positive relationships with QoL. CONCLUSION: Older people in Africa can often be socially isolated, marginalised and in extreme poverty. Yet few studies have looked at QoL more generally and there is no accepted gold standard measurement of QoL. Yet such a development would allow researchers to directly compare QoL and the determinants of QoL amongst older Africans and those elsewhere. The results show that a modified 11-item CASP is a meaningful measure of QoL for use with older Ethiopians. Both religiousness/spirituality and social support are positively associated with QoL and might be important buffers against deprivation.


Assuntos
Psicometria/instrumentação , Qualidade de Vida/psicologia , Apoio Social , Espiritualidade , Inquéritos e Questionários/normas , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Etiópia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pobreza/estatística & dados numéricos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Isolamento Social , População Urbana/estatística & dados numéricos
10.
Aging Ment Health ; 19(5): 381-9, 2015.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24946236

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Involuntary employment exit in later life has been shown to be a risk factor for poor physical and mental health. This study aims to examine the relationship between involuntary employment exit in later life and subsequent risk of reporting major depression or being prescribed anti-depressant medication (ADM). METHOD: Data were drawn from four waves of the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health (SLOSH). This is a nationally representative longitudinal cohort survey of persons employed in Sweden in 2003 and 2005. The sample was restricted to respondents who had exited the labour market aged 50+ years between 2006 and 2012 (N = 1433). Major depression was measured using the Symptom Checklist Core Depression Scale (SCL-CD6). Prescription ADM redeemed from a pharmacy was based on the National Prescribed Drug Register. RESULTS: After controlling for socio-demographic variables, health, health behaviours, and baseline depression, involuntary employment exit was associated with an increased risk of reporting major depression (OR 3.16; CI 1.32-7.61) and becoming newly prescribed ADM (HR 2.08; CI 1.03-4.21) compared to voluntary employment exit. CONCLUSION: Involuntary employment exit represents a risk for subsequent depression in later life. Mental health and social services ought to consider identifying these individuals for possible intervention programs to reduce the burden of depression in later life.


Assuntos
Transtorno Depressivo Maior/etiologia , Acontecimentos que Mudam a Vida , Aposentadoria/psicologia , Antidepressivos/uso terapêutico , Estudos Transversais , Depressão/tratamento farmacológico , Depressão/epidemiologia , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/tratamento farmacológico , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/epidemiologia , Prescrições de Medicamentos , Feminino , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Suécia/epidemiologia
11.
BMC Geriatr ; 14: 111, 2014 Oct 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25319086

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Age-related differences in diabetes outcomes are important both for clinical and policy considerations. To clarify the basis of such differences, we investigated patterns of associations for age in relation to hospitalization and glycemic control and examined the role of other factors. METHODS: 4471 patients with diabetes aged 40-79 years were drawn from a retrospectively retrieved National Health Insurance Cohort. Using logistic regression, risk factors measured over the two years (2007-2008) were examined for their associations with hospitalization and poor glycemic control during the last year (2009) of follow-up. RESULTS: Compared to the middle-aged patients, older patients were more likely to have been hospitalized (Adjusted odds ratio (OR(adjusted)) = 1.97(95% CI = 1.28, 3.04) for the oldest group (ages 70-79) vs youngest group (ages 40-49)) but less likely to have poor glycemic control (OR(adjusted) = 0.45 (95% CI = 0.37, 0.56) for the oldest group vs youngest group). Older patients were also less likely to be obese but had more complications, longer duration of diabetes, lower continuity of care, and higher blood pressure and total cholesterol level. The pattern of associations for hospitalization and glycemic control was not uniform across the risk factors, sharing only a few common factors such as the duration of diabetes and blood pressure. In general, poor glycemic control was affected predominantly by metabolic management, while hospitalization was strongly related to functional status (i.e., number of complications) and care quality measures (i.e., continuity of care). CONCLUSION: Hospitalization was higher among the older diabetic patients, despite better glycemic control. Factors were differently associated with the two diabetes-related outcomes, providing more comprehensive risk profiles for hospitalization. The co-existence of improved glycemic control and increased hospitalization among older diabetic patients suggests an extension of a geriatric evaluation to wider functional and comorbidity status.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/terapia , Gerenciamento Clínico , Atenção Primária à Saúde/métodos , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Glicemia/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiologia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Hospitalização/tendências , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Morbidade/tendências , República da Coreia/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco
12.
Glob Public Health ; 18(1): 2274438, 2023 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37902071

RESUMO

Mobility, access to transport and healthcare play a crucial part in healthy ageing. However, these often posechallenges for older adults in the global South. This study applies the three concepts of 'motility' (access, competence and appropriation), to explore transport inequalities and barriers to access healthcare services for older adults in Bengaluru, India. The paper draws on interviews with sixty adults, aged 50 years and over, residing in urban Bengaluru. A semi-structured in-depth interview guide was employed to explore the transport inequalities. Applying thematic analysis, we present the mobility and transport barriers to access healthcare. Restricted access to healthcare services due to unavailable and unaffordable transportation resulted in missed appointments, delayed care and deterioration of health conditions. To cope with the barriers, older adults often visited less specialised clinics for regular check-ups and those with financial constraints resorted to self-medication. These actions further deteriorated health and led to adverse health outcomes. Our findings suggest that integrated health and transport policies must be designed to ensure equitable access to transportation services. Enabling older adults to have more independent lives and improve access to preventive healthcare is essential for better health outcomes.


Assuntos
Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , Serviços de Saúde , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Instalações de Saúde , Disparidades em Assistência à Saúde , Índia
13.
J Intellect Disabil ; 16(2): 135-44, 2012 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22544482

RESUMO

Here we consider the consumer society as it currently exists in the UK and examine its relationship and relevance to the population of individuals with intellectual disability. We do this through a reading of the associated literature on theories of shopping and consumption which we then contrast with research evidence as it applies to the lives of people with intellectual disability. By brining together these two perspectives we hope to shine some light on ideas around identity and choice. We then transfer these arguments to the health and social care sector. Here we ask whether an economic model which has been exposed as divisive and exclusionary should be used in the administration of social secutity benefits of the kind accesed by people with a range of disabilities. We conclude that the unchallenged advance of marketisation within health and social care may benefit those who are financially able but for those who are economically disadvantaged the choices offered are illusory at best.


Assuntos
Economia , Pessoas com Deficiência Mental/psicologia , Identificação Social , Comportamento de Escolha , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , Humanos , Marketing de Serviços de Saúde , Modelos Econômicos , Marketing Social , Previdência Social , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Reino Unido
14.
Gerontologist ; 62(4): 493-503, 2022 04 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34282443

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Buses are the most common form of public transport for older adults in developing countries. With over 37% of total trips, buses are the principal mode of transport in Dhaka. The majority of older adults are dependent on buses because of their affordability relative to other modes such as auto-rickshaws, rideshares, and taxis. This study aims to investigate key barriers in accessing buses in Dhaka and the consequences of these barriers to the everyday mobility of older adults. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Thirty participants aged 60 and older were recruited from 2 socioeconomically different neighborhoods in Dhaka. We employed a thematic analysis of visual surveys and in-depth interviews to understand older adults' spatial and cultural context and their experiences using buses in their everyday lives. RESULTS: Boarding and deboarding buses were common barriers for older adults due to overcrowding and traffic congestion. In addition, older adults faced challenges such as ageism, gender discrimination, and undesirable behavior by transport personnel and co-passengers. These barriers affected their independent mobility and influenced their access to work and social life, contributing to their social exclusion. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS: This study illustrates the challenges faced by older adults when accessing public transport and the need to improve access to work, health care, and social life. Inclusive transport policies are essential in low- and middle-income countries to improve the well-being of older adults.


Assuntos
Veículos Automotores , Meios de Transporte , Idoso , Bangladesh , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Características de Residência , Isolamento Social
15.
J Diabetes Metab Disord ; 21(1): 263-273, 2022 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35673447

RESUMO

Purpose: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and associated diseases grows as the population ages. This study aimed to investigate sex differences in the prevalence of MetS and its components among people aged 50 years and older in Iran. Methods: Data were drawn from the Neyshabur Longitudinal Study on Ageing (NeLSA), which is an ageing component of the Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in IraAn (PERSIAN). The NCEP ATP III and IDF criteria were used to identify the prevalence of MetS among 3383 men and 3873 women aged 50 years and older. Sociodemographic information, lifestyle and clinical factors were collected via an interview-based questionnaire. Weight and height, waist circumferences and blood pressure were measured. Laboratory measures such as fasting blood sugar, triglycerides and high-density cholesterol were also assessed. Results: The overall prevalence of the MetS according to the NCEP ATP III and IDF definitions were 45% and 47%, respectively. The prevalence of the MetS in men and women was 37% and 63% according to the NCEP ATP III definition, 33% and 67% by the IDF definition, respectively. The prevalence of MetS components was significantly higher in women than in men. Conclusion: In the current study, the prevalence of MetS and its components was significantly higher among women than men. We also observed good concordance between IDF and NCEP ATP III criteria.

16.
iScience ; 24(11): 103344, 2021 Nov 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34825134

RESUMO

Medical procedures can disperse infectious agents and spread disease. Particularly, dental procedures may pose a high risk of disease transmission as they use high-powered instruments operating within the oral cavity that may contain infectious microbiota or viruses. Here we assess the ability of powered dental devices in removing the biofluid films and identified mechanical, hydrodynamic, and aerodynamic forces as the main underlying mechanisms of removal and dispersal processes. Our results indicate that potentially infectious agents can be removed and dispersed immediately after dental instrument engagement with the adherent biofluid film, while the degree of their dispersal is rapidly depleted owing to the removal of the source and dilution by the coolant water. We found that droplets created by high-speed drill interactions typically travel ballistically, while aerosol-laden air tends to flow as a current over surfaces. Our mechanistic investigation offers plausible routes for reducing the spread of infection during invasive medical procedures.

17.
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci ; 75(5): 906-913, 2020 04 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31940032

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: We examined socioeconomic inequalities in disability-free life expectancy in older men and women from England and the United States and explored whether people in England can expect to live longer and healthier lives than those in the United States. METHODS: We used harmonized data from the Gateway to Global Aging Data on 14,803 individuals aged 50+ from the U.S. Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and 10,754 from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). Disability was measured in terms of impaired activities and instrumental activities of daily living. We used discrete-time multistate life table models to estimate total life expectancy and life expectancy free of disability. RESULTS: Socioeconomic inequalities in disability-free life expectancy were of a similar magnitude (in absolute terms) in England and the United States. The socioeconomic disadvantage in disability-free life expectancy was largest for wealth, in both countries: people in the poorest group could expect to live seven to nine fewer years without disability than those in the richest group at the age of 50. CONCLUSIONS: Inequalities in healthy life expectancy exist in both countries and are of similar magnitude. In both countries, efforts in reducing health inequalities should target people from disadvantaged socioeconomic groups.


Assuntos
Disparidades nos Níveis de Saúde , Expectativa de Vida , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos Transversais , Pessoas com Deficiência , Inglaterra , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estados Unidos
18.
Int Arch Occup Environ Health ; 82(8): 951-60, 2009 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19238422

RESUMO

PURPOSE: To investigate prospective associations between working conditions and depressive symptoms in Swedish men and women. METHODS: The study was based on SLOSH (N = 5,985), a follow-up of a representative sample of gainfully employed Swedes 16-64 years of age from the Swedish Work Environment Survey 2003. Work demands, decision authority, support and conflicts at work were measured in 2003. Depressive symptoms were recorded in 2006 by a short version of the depression subscale of the Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90). Linear regression analyses were performed. RESULTS: After adjusting for an indicator of previous depressive symptoms and covariates, conflicts with fellow workers in men were associated with depressive symptoms, whereas demands (men), support from fellow workers (women), and decision authority predicted lower scores. CONCLUSION: The study supports the theory that decision authority, support and conflicts at work are predictive of depressive symptoms in the general Swedish working population.


Assuntos
Conflito Psicológico , Depressão/psicologia , Emprego/psicologia , Saúde Ocupacional , Carga de Trabalho/psicologia , Local de Trabalho/psicologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Tomada de Decisões , Depressão/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Lineares , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Exposição Ocupacional/efeitos adversos , Estudos Prospectivos , Psicologia Industrial , Suécia/epidemiologia , Adulto Jovem
19.
J Aging Health ; 31(10): 1770-1789, 2019 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30145918

RESUMO

Objectives: The study compared the proportion of older adults identified as drinking hazardously based on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C) with the older adult-specific Comorbidity Alcohol Risk Evaluation Tool (CARET) and investigated whether sociodemographics, comorbidities, health, medication use, and alcohol-related risk behaviors explained discrepancies between the screens in classification of hazardousness. Method: The AUDIT-C and the CARET were administered to 3,673 adults aged 55 to 89 years. Classification agreement between the screens was evaluated using Cohen's kappa. Hazardous drinking groups were compared using logistic regression. Results: Analysis indicated moderate agreement between the screens. Drinkers classified as "hazardous on the CARET only" consumed less alcohol, but were more likely to drink-drive. Introducing a drink-driving criterion into the calculation of hazardousness on the AUDIT-C substantially decreased the classification discrepancy between the measures. Discussion: Standard screening can be improved by investigating comorbidities, medication use, and alcohol-related risk behaviors in those initially identified as nonhazardous drinkers.


Assuntos
Alcoolismo/epidemiologia , Programas de Rastreamento/métodos , Medição de Risco/métodos , Assunção de Riscos , Idoso , Alcoolismo/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nova Zelândia/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Inquéritos e Questionários
20.
Gerontologist ; 58(5): 805-812, 2018 09 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31287535

RESUMO

The current landscape of retirement is changing dramatically as population aging becomes increasingly visible. This review of pressing retirement issues advocates research on (a) changing meanings of retirement, (b) impact of technology, (c) the role of housing in retirement, (d) human resource strategies, (e) adjustment to changing retirement policies, (f) the pension industry, and (g) the role of ethnic diversity in retirement.


Assuntos
Envelhecimento/psicologia , Emprego , Pensões , Aposentadoria , Características Culturais , Etnicidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos
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