RESUMO
HIV/AIDS is a pandemic that affects men, women and children, but is increasingly affecting women, especially among reproductive age. This has consequences over vertical transmission during pregnancy, delivery or breastfeeding. This analysis describes the relation between HIV/AIDS and breastfeeding, and the factors that influence the decision mothers living with HIV/AIDS make about the feeding modality they will choose. Also, causes of infant mortality in relation with this problem are described in accordance with international recommendations to prevent mother to child transmission. In this environment where globalization takes place, constant migrations have created a need for health care workers to consider social factors that influence the decision of women living with HIV/AIDS in relation with feeding options for their infants. It is not enough to know the proven risk for HIV/AIDS transmission through breastfeeding, there is a need to be conscious about the dynamic and specific factors each community has.
RESUMO
Objetivo: La hipertensión portal, en tanto que inductora de una respuesta inflamatoria intestinal, causaría a largo plazo remodelación epitelial y vascular esplácnicas. Con el objeto de verificar esta hipótesis se ha realizado éste trabajo experimental. Método: Se han estudiado como alteraciones estructurales propias de remodelación epitelial intestinal y vascular mesentérica la densidad de células caliciformes y el diámetro de las ramas de la vena mesentérica, respectivamente, en ratas con ligadura parcial de la vena porta a corto (1 mes) y largo (1 año) plazo. Resultados: La hiperplasia de células caliciforrnes en intestino delgado es máxima al año de evolución de la hipertensión portal y se asocia con dilatación de las ramas distales (3er y 4° orden) de la vena mesentérica superior. Conclusión: La remodelación esplácnica que ocurre a largo plazo en la hipertensión portal experimental sugiere la existencia de un proceso inflamatorio crónico en ésta patología
Objective: Portal hypertension as an inducer of intestinal inflammatory response would cause epithelial and splanchnic vascular remodeling in the long-termo This experimental study was carried out to verify this hypothesis. Method: Structural alterations characteristic of intestinal epithelial and mesenteric vascular remodeling, the density of goblet cells and the diameter of mesenteric vein branches were studied, respectively, in rats with partial portal vein ligation in the short (1 month) and long-term (1 year ). Results: Hyperplasia of goblet cells in the small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum) is maximum after I year of evolution ofthe portal hypertension and is associated with dilatation of the distal branches (3rd and 4th order) of the superior mesenteric vein. Conclusion: Long-term splanchnic remodeling in experimental portal hypertension suggests the existence of a chronic inflammatory process in this clinical condition