Direct photofabrication of focal-length-controlled microlens array using photoinduced migration mechanisms of photosensitive sol-gel hybrid materials.

Photosensitive sol-gel hybrid (SGH) materials exhibited the peculiar photoinduced migration behavior of unreacted molecules from unexposed areas to exposed areas by selective UV exposure. Using the photoinduced migration mechanism of the photosensitive SGH materials, the microlens array (MLA) with a smooth surface was directly photofabricated, and the focal length was controlled by changing the photoinduced migration parameters. The higher photoactive monomer content and the thicker film creating a higher curvature produced a smaller focal length of the MLA. Thus, a simple fabrication and easy control of the focal length can be applicable to a fabrication of an efficient MLA.

Single Nodular Pulmonary Amyloidosis: Case Report.

Amyloidosis is defined as the presence of extra-cellular deposits of an insoluble fibrillar protein, amyloid. The pulmonary involvement of amyloidosis is usually classified as tracheobronchial, parenchymal nodular, or diffuse alveolar septal. A single nodular lesion can mimic various conditions, including malignancy, pulmonary tuberculosis, and fungal infection. To date, only one case of nodular pulmonary amyloidosis has been reported in Korea, a case involving multiple nodular lesions. Here, we report and discuss the case of a patient having single nodular amyloidosis.

A case of lung carcinoma with rhabdoid phenotype mimicking an aspergilloma in patient with recurrent hemoptysis.

Malignant rhabdoid tumor was first discovered in the kidney, and rhabdoid tumor of the lung was first reported in 1995. These were included as the variants of large-cell carcinoma, according to the 1999 World Health Organization classification of lung tumors. The rhabdoid tumor of the lung exhibits aggressive biological behavior and has a poor prognosis, and only a few reports of this tumor exist. We report a case of lung carcinoma with a rhabdoid phenotype, initially misdiagnosed as an aspergilloma, in a 48-year-old man who presented with recurrent hemoptysis. The chest computed tomography scans showed a huge consolidative lesion with an air crescent sign in the left upper lung and no contrast-enhancing lesion. An aspergilloma was diagnosed by the radiologist. However, after surgical excision and pathological examination, rhabdoid carcinoma was diagnosed. A surgical resection helps to make it possible to pathologically distinguish a malignancy from an aspergilloma.

A Case of Endobronchial Aspergilloma Associated with Foreign Body in Immunocompetent Patient without Underlying Lung Disease.

Aspergillus causes a variety of clinical syndromes in the lung including tracheobronchial aspergillosis, invasive aspergillosis, chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, and aspergilloma. Aspergilloma usually results from ingrowths of colonized Aspergillus in damaged bronchial tree, pulmonary cyst or cavities of patients with underlying lung diseases. There are a few reports on endobronchial aspergilloma without underlying pulmonary lesion. We have experienced a case of endobronchial aspergilloma associated with foreign body developed in an immunocompetent patient without underlying lung diseases. A 59-year-old man is being hospitalized with recurring hemoptysis for 5 months. X-ray and computed tomography scans of chest showed a nodular opacity in superior segment of left lower lobe. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy revealed an irregular, mass-like, brownish material which totally obstructed the sub-segmental bronchus and a foreign body in superior segmental bronchus of the lower left lobe. Histopathologic examinations of biopsy specimen revealed fungal hyphae, characteristic of Aspergillus species.