The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Stephanandra incisa.

Stephanandra incisa is a typical discontinuous distribution species in the eastern part of the subspecies with a high economic and ecological value. In this study, we have obtained the complete chloroplast genome of S. incisa using high-throughput sequencing. The chloroplast genome length was 159,583 bp, the AT content was 63.7%, while the large single copy and a small single copy area were 88,018 bp and 18,817 bp, respectively. It contains 131 genes, including 86 protein-coding genes, 37 transfer RNA genes, and eight ribosomal RNA genes. A maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree supported the fact that S. incisa is closely related to Pyracantha fortuneana and Amelanchier sinica, which is consistent with the taxonomic view.

The complete chloroplast genome of Styrax japonicus.

Styrax japonicus is a shrub with high economic values. Here, complete chloroplast (cp) genomes were reported using high-throughput Illumina sequencing. The size of the S. japonicus chloroplast genome is 157,940 bp long, with an average AT content of 63.05%, containing a pair of inverted repeats of 24,047 bp, separated by a large single copy and a small single copy region of 87,562 bp and 22,284 bp, respectively. It contains 125 genes, including79 protein-coding genes, 37 transfer RNA genes, and eight ribosomal RNA genes. A maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree supported the fact that the chloroplast genome of S. japonicus is closely related to that of Symplocos paniculate.

[Ecophysiological responses of Camellia japonica (Naidong) to different light and water conditions]. / è€å†¬å±±èŒ¶å¯¹ä¸åŒå ‰ç §å’Œæ°´åˆ†çš„ç”Ÿç†ç”Ÿæ€å­¦å“åº”.

Camellia japonica (Naidong), a Tertiary relict species with abundant morphological characteristics and special genetic characteristics, is the northernmost distributed population of C. japonica. The seedlings of Naidong were subjected to two light regimes (65%, 15% of full sunlight, respectively) and three water supply regimes (75%, 50% and 25% of field capacity, respectively). Our objectives were to reveal the ecophysiological responses of Naidong under different drought and shade conditions and to examine the four existing hypotheses explaining the responses of Naidong seedlings to the interactions of shade and drought. The results showed that 15% of full sunlight reduced the growth of seedlings. Compared with those under 65% of full sunlight condition, the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and chlorophyll content of seedlings under 15% of full sunlight condition were decreased by 63.3%, 82.9% and 17.5%, respectively. In contrast, the specific leaf area, leaf water content and maximal quantum yield under 15% of full sunlight condition were enhanced by 60.3%, 8.3% and 6.4%, respectively. Drought limited the growth of seedlings,decreased their height and basal diameter. The net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of seedlings significantly decreased with the increases of drought stress, with their minimum values being 0.83 µmol·m-2·s-1, 0.30 µmol·m-2·s-1 and 11.56 mmol·m-2·s-1, respectively. With the increases of drought stress, the contents of peroxidase and catalase showed a general declining trend, but the contents of malondialdehyde and proline significantly increased. The treatment 15% of full sunlight alleviated the negative effects of drought on Naidong seedlings, which supported the above-ground facilitation hypothesis. Our results indicated that Naidong seedlings could respond and acclimate to environmental changes through various mechanisms, and the seedlings might normally grow under broad ranges of light and water stresses. In addition, providing ideal light and water conditions for the Naidong seedlings could facilitate its application in gardening.

Topical use of topical fibrin sealant can reduce the need for transfusion, total blood loss and the volume of drainage in total knee and hip arthroplasty: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 1489 patients.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of fibrin sealant for the reduction of postoperative blood loss and transfusion requirements in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA). METHODS: Electronic databases including PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL (Cochrane Controlled Trials Register), Web of Science and Google Scholar were searched from database inception to February 2016. All randomized controlled trials evaluating the efficacy and safety of topical administration of fibrin glue during primary THA or TKA were included in our meta-analysis. Transfusion requirements, total blood loss, length of hospital stay and the occurrence of infection were calculated using Stata 12.0 software. RESULTS: A total of nineteen clinical trials with 1489 patients (405 hips and 1084 knees) were finally included for meta-analysis. The results indicated that the topical administration of fibrin sealant can decrease the need for transfusion (RR = 0.33, 95%CI 0.28-0.40, P < 0.001), total blood loss (MD = -138.25, 95% CI -203.49 to -75.00), blood loss in drainage (MD -321.44, 95% CI -351.96 to -290.92, P < 0.001) and hospital stay length (MD -0.98, 95% CI -1.35 to -0.62, P < 0.001) without increasing the occurrence of infection (RR = 0.87, 95% CI 0.33 to 2.27, P = 0.775). CONCLUSION: The topical use of fibrin sealant can effectively reduce the need for transfusion, total blood loss and the volume of drainage without increasing the rate of infection.

Is combined topical with intravenous tranexamic acid superior than topical, intravenous tranexamic acid alone and control groups for blood loss controlling after total knee arthroplasty: A meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of combined topical with intravenous tranexamic acid (TXA) versus topical, intravenous TXA alone or control for reducing blood loss after a total knee arthroplasty (TKA). METHODS: In May 2016, a systematic computer-based search was conducted in the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Chinese Wanfang database. This systematic review and meta-analysis were performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement criteria. Only patients prepared for primary TKA that administration combined topical with intravenous TXA with topical TXA, intravenous (IV) TXA, or control group for reducing blood loss were included. Eligible criteria were published RCTs about combined topical with intravenous TXA with topical alone or intravenous alone. The primary endpoint was the total blood loss and need for transfusion. The complications of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) were also compiled to assess the safety of combined topical TXA with intravenous TXA. Relative risks (RRs) with 95% CIs were estimated for dichotomous outcomes, and mean differences (MDs) with 95% CIs for continuous outcomes. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to appraise a risk of bias. Stata 12.0 software was used for meta-analysis. RESULTS: Fifteen studies involving 1495 patients met the inclusion criteria. The pooled meta-analysis indicated that combined topical TXA with intravenous TXA can reduce the total blood loss compared with placebo with a mean of 458.66 mL and the difference is statistically significant (MD = -458.66, 95% CI: -655.40 to 261.91, P < 0.001). Compared with intravenous TXA, combined administrated TXA can decrease the total blood loss, and the difference is statistically significant (MD = -554.03, 95% CI: -1066.21 to -41.85, P = 0.034). Compared with the topical administration TXA, the pooled meta-analysis indicated that combined TXA can decrease the amount of total blood loss with mean 107.65 mL with statistically significant(MD = -107.65, 95% CI: -525.55 to -239.9141.85, P = 0.001). The pooled results indicated that combined topical with intravenous TXA can decrease the need for transfusion (RR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.23-0.50, P < 0.001). There is no significant difference between combined topical with intravenous TXA with topical or intravenous TXA (P > 0.05) in terms of need for transfusion and the occurrence of DVT. CONCLUSION: Compared with topical, intravenous TXA alone or control group, combined topical with TXA, can decrease the total blood loss and subsequent need for transfusion without increasing the occurrence of DVT. The dose and timing to administration TXA is different, and more randomized controlled trials are warranted to clarify the optimal dosing and time to administration TXA.

[Adaptability of Camellia sasanqua leaf morphology during natural changes in temperature.] / èŒ¶æ¢ å¶ç‰‡ç»“æž„å¯¹è‡ªç„¶å˜æ¸©çš„é€‚åº”.

In this study, the adaptability of leaf shape, structure and stomata characteristics of Camellia sasanqua to temperature variation in natural process was investigated by field morphological observation, conventional paraffin section and scanning electron microscopy methods. The results showed that, as the temperature decreased, the leaf color changed from green to dark green, toge-ther with white and purple spots on the leaves. The relative conductivity and the percentage of wi-thered leaves increased initially and then decreased during this period. The highest percentages of relative conductivity and withered leaves in March 2015 were 56.0% and 25.4%, respectively. Different leaf tissue structure indexes, including middle vein thickness, leaf thickness, upper and lower epidermis thickness, upper and lower cuticle thickness, palisade tissue thickness, spongy tissue thickness, ratio of palisade tissue to spongy tissue, cell tense ratio and vein protuberant degree were also determined during the natural temperature change from September 2014 to April 2015. Gradually, these parameters increased initially and then decreased with the decrease of temperature except spongy ratio, which showed the opposite trend. These indicators above changed significantly in different months. Stomata length and width were not significantly changed in October 2014, December 2014 and March 2015, while the percentage of completely closed stomata was higher in March 2015, compared with other months. Taken together, we proposed that the improved adaptability of cold tolerance of C. sasanqua relies on the changes of leaf structure and stomatal closure.