International expert consensus recommendations for the use of dermocosmetics in acne.

BACKGROUND: A wide variety of dermocosmetics (products with both active skincare and cosmetic activity) are available for the management of acne vulgaris. These products are important because they may be the first line of approach for patients desiring to self-treat and they can also have beneficial effects-reducing lesion counts and improving global acne severity. When used in conjunction with medical therapy, dermocosmetics can improve tolerability and enhance results. We reviewed available evidence and combined it with our clinical experience to help guide clinicians in selecting skincare products with acne-targeting ingredients. METHODS: An international panel of dermatologists with an interest and expertise in managing acne performed a literature review, formulated clinical questions related to the role of dermocosmetics in the acne setting, used a modified GRADE approach to evaluate available evidence and then utilized an online iterative Delphi process to create consensus recommendations. It should be noted that due to the limited number of available studies, the category of dermocosmetics was evaluated rather than specific ingredients. RESULTS: The quality of evidence was found to be low to moderate. Key recommendations were made based on available evidence for the use of dermocosmetics in acne to improve acne global assessment, reduce acne lesion counts, reduce superficial skin oiliness and serve as maintenance therapy after medical treatment, while providing a good tolerability. Recommendations were also made for using dermocosmetics as adjuncts to medical treatment. CONCLUSIONS: While there is a need for better quality evidence, dermocosmetics have demonstrated some benefit for acne both when used alone in its milder clinical presentations or in maintenance post acne medication and as adjunct to acne treatments.

Expert consensus on perioperative integrated skincare for noninvasive energy-based device aesthetic procedures in clinical practice in China.

BACKGROUND: Noninvasive energy-based device (NI-EBD) aesthetic procedures has recently gained widespread usage for treating various skin conditions, enhancing skin texture and performing rejuvenation-related procedures. However, practically all NI-EBD procedures result in variable degrees of damage to the skin barrier, inducing pathological and physiological processes such as oxidative stress and inflammation, and only a small percentage of individuals possess the innate ability to restore it. OBJECTIVE: To introduce the concept of integrated skincare and establish standardized operational procedures for perioperative integrated skincare, and furnish a theoretical basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment performed by professional medical aestheticians. METHODS: The author leveraged domestic and international guidelines, clinical practice expertise and evidence-based research, adapting them to suit the specific circumstances in China. RESULTS: The consensus were provided four parts, including concept and essence of integrated skincare, integrated skincare significance during the perioperative phase of NI-EBD procedures, active ingredients and functions of effective skincare products, standardized perioperative skincare procedure for NI-EBD procedures and precautions. For the standardized perioperative skincare procedure, four recommendations were listed according to different stages during NI-EBD procedures. CONCLUSION: These recommendations create the 'Expert Consensus on Perioperative Integrated Skincare for Noninvasive Energy-Based Device Aesthetic Procedures in Clinical Practice in China'.

Modified red light 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy versus low-dose isotretinoin therapy for moderate to severe acne vulgaris: A prospective, randomized, multicenter study.

BACKGROUND: Modified 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (M-PDT) and isotretinoin (ISO) are effective treatments for moderate to severe acne vulgaris. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and adverse effects of M-PDT and ISO for moderate to severe acne vulgaris. METHODS: A multicenter, randomized clinical trial was conducted with participants randomly assigned to the M-PDT group (up to 5 weekly sessions following manual comedone extraction) or the ISO group (oral ISO, 0.5 mg/kg/d for 6 months) and followed up to 6-months after therapy. RESULTS: A total of 152 patients were allocated. The overall effective rates in the M-PDT group were significantly higher than the ISO group at 1 month (67.74% vs 10.26%), whereas the opposite was the case 1 month after treatment (75.81% vs 97.44%). Time to achieve 50% lesion improvement in the M-PDT group was significantly less than the ISO group (1 vs 8 weeks). Overall, 70.67% of the ISO group patients experienced systemic side effects such as hepatotoxicity, whereas side effects were skin-limited in the M-PDT group. LIMITATIONS: Limitations of this study included relatively low numbers of participants and high withdrawal rate. CONCLUSION: M-PDT offers a more rapid onset of improvement, comparable overall efficacy, good tolerability, and comparable durability of response compared with ISO.

Enhancement of Mass and Charge Transfer during Carbon Dioxide Photoreduction by Enhanced Surface Hydrophobicity without a Barrier Layer.

The CO2 reduction reaction (CRR) represents a promising route for the clean utilization of renewable resources. But mass-transfer limitations seriously hinder the forward step. Enhancing the surface hydrophobicity by using polymers has been proved to be one of the most efficient strategies. However, as macromolecular organics, polymers on the surface hinder the transfer of charge carriers from catalysts to reactants. Herein, we describe an in-situ surface fluorination strategy to enhance the surface hydrophobicity of TiO2 without a barrier layer of organics, thus facilitating the mass transfer of CO2 to catalysts and charge transfer. With less obstruction to charge transfer, a higher CO2, and lower H+ surface concentration, the photocatalytic CRR generation rate of methanol (CH3 OH) is greatly enhanced to up to 247.15 µmol g-1 h-1 . Furthermore, we investigated the overall defects; enhancing the surface hydrophobicity of catalysts provides a general and reliable method to improve the competitiveness of CRR.

Factors associated with treatment satisfaction in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa: results from the Global VOICE project.

BACKGROUND: Nearly half of patients with hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) report dissatisfaction with their treatment. However, factors related to treatment satisfaction have not been explored. OBJECTIVES: To measure associations between treatment satisfaction and clinical and treatment-related characteristics among patients with HS. METHODS: Treatment satisfaction was evaluated utilizing data from a cross-sectional global survey of patients with HS recruited from 27 institutions, mainly HS referral centres, in 14 different countries from October 2017 to July 2018. The primary outcome was patients' self-reported overall satisfaction with their current treatments for HS, rated on a five-point scale from 'very dissatisfied' to 'very satisfied'. RESULTS: The final analysis cohort comprised 1418 patients with HS, most of whom were European (55%, 780 of 1418) or North American (38%, 542 of 1418), and female (85%, 1210 of 1418). Overall, 45% (640 of 1418) of participants were either dissatisfied or very dissatisfied with their current medical treatment. In adjusted analysis, patients primarily treated by a dermatologist for HS had 1·99 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1·62-2·44, P < 0·001] times the odds of being satisfied with current treatment than participants not primarily treated by a dermatologist. Treatment with biologics was associated with higher satisfaction [odds ratio (OR) 2·36, 95% CI 1·74-3·19, P < 0·001] relative to treatment with nonbiologic systemic medications. Factors associated with lower treatment satisfaction included smoking (OR 0·78, 95% CI 0·62-0·99; active vs. never), depression (OR 0·69, 95% CI 0·54-0·87), increasing number of comorbidities (OR 0·88 per comorbidity, 95% CI 0·81-0·96) and increasing flare frequency. CONCLUSIONS: There are several factors that appear to positively influence satisfaction with treatment among patients with HS, including treatment by a dermatologist and treatment with a biologic medication. Factors that appear to lower treatment satisfaction include active smoking, depression, accumulation of comorbid conditions and increasing flare frequency. Awareness of these factors may support partnered decision making with the goal of improving treatment outcomes. What is already known about this topic? Nearly half of patients with hidradenitis suppurativa report dissatisfaction with their treatments. What does this study add? Satisfaction with treatment is increased by receiving care from a dermatologist and treatment with biologics. Satisfaction with treatment is decreased by tobacco smoking, accumulation of comorbid conditions including depression, and higher flare frequency. What are the clinical implications of this work? Awareness of the identified factors associated with poor treatment satisfaction may support partnered decision making and improve treatment outcomes.

Pancytopenia in a newborn due to maternal piperacillin and human leukocyte antigen antibodies.

BACKGROUND: Piperacillin antibody-induced immune hemolytic anemia is not rare in adults, and there have been reports of anti-HLA antibody-induced newborn platelet transfusion refractoriness. However, there has been no report of piperacillin-accompanied anti-HLA antibody-induced newborn pancytopenia. CASE REPORT: We herein present the case of a newborn with pancytopenia from a mother who carried anti-HLA-B55, anti-HLA-DR11, and piperacillin antibodies. The newborn HLA genotypes were HLA*B55:02 and HLA*DRB1*11:01. IgG antibodies can be transferred to the newborn via the placenta and induce the destruction of the platelet and white blood cells, which carry the corresponding antigens. Piperacillin antibodies coupling with newborn red blood cells (RBCs) led to the destruction of the RBCs and hemolytic anemia. RESULTS: The direct anti-globulin test was positive for RBCs in the newborn, and piperacillin antibodies were positive in both the newborn and his mother. Anti-HLA antibodies were positive in the maternal serum, whereas homologous antigens were positive in the newborn. The direct anti-globulin test of platelet was weekly positive in the newborn. CONCLUSION: Piperacillin and anti-HLA antibodies can pass through the placenta, induce incompatible blood cell destruction, and cause a series of clinical syndromes in newborns.

Lactate Induces Production of the tRNAHis Half to Promote B-lymphoblastic Cell Proliferation.

High plasma lactate is emerging as a critical regulator in development and progression of many human malignancies. Small RNAs derived from cleavage of mature tRNAs have been implicated in many cellular stresses, but the detailed mechanisms that respond to lactic acid (LA; acidic lactate) are not well defined. Here, using an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-immortalized B lymphoblastic cell line (LCL) as a model, we report that LA induces cleavage of mature tRNA at the anticodon loop, particularly production of three 5'-tRNA halves (5'-HisGUG, 5'-ValAAC, and 5'-GlyGCC), along with increased expression of RNA polymerase III and angiogenin (ANG). Of these, only the 5'-HisGUG half binds to the chromatin regulator argonaute-2 (AGO2) instead of the AGO1 protein for stability. Notably, the levels of ANG and 5'-HisGUG half expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from B cell lymphoma patients are tightly correlated with lactate dehydrogenase (LDH; a lactate indicator) in plasma. Silencing production of the 5'-HisGUG half by small interfering RNA or inhibition of ANG significantly reduces colony formation and growth of LA-induced tumor cells in vitro and in vivo using a murine xenograft model. Overall, our findings identify a novel molecular therapeutic target for the diagnosis and treatment of B cell lymphoma.

Sex hormones and acne: State of the art.

Acne is an androgen-dependent inflammatory disease of sebaceous follicles. Herein, we reviewed and discussed the underlying pathways of androgen biosynthesis and metabolism, non-genomic regulation of androgen receptor expression and function, posttranslational regulation of androgen excess in acne and acne-associated syndromes, such as polycystic ovary syndrome, and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. We provide insights into the involvement of sex hormones, particularly androgens, in skin homeostasis and acne pathogenesis, including comedogenesis, lipogenesis, microbiota, and inflammation. Advanced understanding of the action mechanisms of classical acne treatment and new development of antiandrogens, both topical and systemic, are also highlighted.

miR-628-5p promotes growth and migration of osteosarcoma by targeting IFI44L.

This study investigated the role of miR-628-5p and interferon-induced protein 44-like (IFI44L) in osteosarcoma (OS) and determined whether miR-628-5p modulated OS growth by regulating IFI44L. Based on the data downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, we revealed that the expression of IFI44L was downregulated in OS and low expression of IFI44L was correlated with better prognosis of patients with OS. Biological prediction of its upstream regulatory miRNAs on the miRWalk website found that miR-628-5p is a possible upstream regulatory miRNA of IFI44L. Luciferase activity assay demonstrated that miR-628-5p could bind to the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of IFI44L, which proved the above prediction. The expression of miR-628-5p is upregulated in OS and high expression of miR-628-5p is correlated with poor prognosis of patients with OS. The results of RT-qPCR showed that the expression of miR-628-5p in MG-63, U2OS, Saos-2, and SW1353 cells was significantly higher than that in the hFOB1.19 cells. Downregulation of miR-628-5p by miR-628-5p inhibitor significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of MG-63 cells. By rescue assay, we found that knockdown of IFI44L rescued the proliferation and motility of miR-628-5p depleted MG-63 cells. Collectively, our present data illustrated that miR-628-5p promoted the growth and motility of OS at least partly by targeting IFI44L. Moreover, miR-628-5p and IFI44L might be proposed as promising biomarkers in OS diagnosis and treatment.

What causes hidradenitis suppurativa ?-15 years after.

The 14 authors of the first review article on hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) pathogenesis published 2008 in EXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY cumulating from the 1st International Hidradenitis Suppurativa Research Symposium held March 30-April 2, 2006 in Dessau, Germany with 33 participants were prophetic when they wrote "Hopefully, this heralds a welcome new tradition: to get to the molecular heart of HS pathogenesis, which can only be achieved by a renaissance of solid basic HS research, as the key to developing more effective HS therapy." (Kurzen et al. What causes hidradenitis suppurativa? Exp Dermatol 2008;17:455). Fifteen years later, there is no doubt that the desired renaissance of solid basic HS research is progressing with rapid steps and that HS has developed deep roots among inflammatory diseases in Dermatology and beyond, recognized as "the only inflammatory skin disease than can be healed". This anniversary article of 43 research-performing authors from all around the globe in the official journal of the European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. (EHSF e.V.) and the Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation, Inc (HSF USA) summarizes the evidence of the intense HS clinical and experimental research during the last 15 years in all aspects of the disease and provides information of the developments to come in the near future.

Current treatment approaches for COVID-19 and the clinical value of transfusion-related technologies.

COVID-19 is caused by SARS-CoV-2 which is a new enveloped virus that belongs to the Beta coronavirus genus. As a major health crisis, SARS-CoV-2 has infected over a million people around the world. There is currently no specific treatment available for patients with COVID-19 infection. Numerous potential therapies, including supportive intervention, immunomodulatory agents, antiviral therapy, and convalescent plasma transfusion, have been used in clinical practice. Herein, we summarize the current potential therapeutic approaches for diseases related to COVID-19 infection and discusses the clinical value of blood transfusion-related technologies used in COVID-19 treatment.

Signal-Enhanced Detection of Multiplexed Cardiac Biomarkers by a Paper-Based Fluorogenic Immunodevice Integrated with Zinc Oxide Nanowires.

Using a single test to comprehensively evaluate multiple cardiac biomarkers for early diagnosis and prevention of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has faced enormous challenges. Here, we have developed paper-based fluorogenic immunodevices for multiplexed detection of three cardiac biomarkers, namely, human heart-type fatty acid binding protein (FABP), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), and myoglobin, simultaneously. The detection is based on a strategy using zinc oxide nanowires (ZnO NWs) to enhance fluorescence signals (∼5-fold compared to that on pure paper). The immunodevices showed high sensitivity and selectivity for FABP, cTnI, and myoglobin with detection limits of 1.36 ng/mL, 1.00 ng/mL, and 2.38 ng/mL, respectively. Additionally, the paper-based immunoassay was rapid (∼5 min to complete the test) and portable (using a homemade chamber with a smartphone and an ultraviolet lamp). The developed devices integrated with ZnO NWs enable quantitative, sensitive, and simultaneous detection of multiple cardiac biomarkers in point-of-care settings, which provides a useful approach for monitoring AMI diseases and may be extended to other medical diagnostics and environmental assessments.

Mutant p53 increases exosome-mediated transfer of miR-21-3p and miR-769-3p to promote pulmonary metastasis.

OBJECTIVE: Tumor metastasis is a complex, multistep process that depends on tumor cells and their communication with the tumor microenvironment. A p53 gain-of-function mutant has been shown to enhance the tumorigenesis, invasion, and metastasis abilities of tumor cells. This study aimed to investigate the roles of p53 R273H mutation in the tumor microenvironment. METHODS: The in vitro and in vivo effects of the p53 R273H mutant on the invasion and metastasis of HCT116 cells were investigated. Exosomes from wild-type and HCT116-TP53(R273H) cells were cocultured with mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). The roles of differentially expressed exosomal microRNAs identified by microarray analysis were investigated. The functions of the p53 R273H mutant in tumor cells were also investigated via gene expression microarray and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analyses. RESULTS: Introducing p53 R273H mutant into HCT116 cells significantly potentiated pulmonary metastasis in vivo. In the presence of exosomes derived from HCT116-TP53(R273H) cells, the exosomes were taken up by MEFs and became activated. Microarray analysis showed that the p53 R273H mutation increased the exosomal levels of miR-21-3p and miR-769-3p. Intriguingly, in clinical samples, miR-21-3p and miR-769-3p levels were significantly higher in patients with a p53 mutation than in those without this mutation. Furthermore, both miR-21-3p and miR-769-3p activated fibroblasts and exerted a synergistic effect via their target genes on the transforming growth factor-ß (TGF-ß)/Smad signaling pathway. The activated fibroblasts excreted cytokine TGF-ß and may have reciprocally induced cancer cells to undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Indeed, HCT116-TP53(R273H) cells showed increased expression of ZEB1 and SNAI2 and decreased transcription of several cell adhesion molecules. CONCLUSIONS: The mutant p53-exosomal miR-21-3p/miR-769-3p-fibroblast-cytokine circuit appears to be responsible for communication between tumor and stromal cells, with exosomal miRNAs acting as a bridge. miR-21-3p and miR-769-3p are potential predictive markers of pulmonary metastasis and candidate targets for therapeutic interventions.

Is Human Sebum the Source of Skin Follicular Ultraviolet-Induced Red Fluorescence? A Cellular to Histological Study.

BACKGROUND: The ultraviolet-induced red fluorescence (UVRF) from human skin follicles was suggested to be a result of Propionibacterium acnes and was used for the monitoring of acne. More recent studies suggested that the UVRF may be more related to sebum rather than to microorganisms. OBJECTIVE: To clarify whether human sebum or follicular microorganisms are the source of UVRF. METHODS: We examined the fluorescence of human-derived SZ95 sebocytes, human sebaceous glands, sebum extracted from the sebaceous glands, and bacteria isolated from human hair follicles under ultraviolet light. RESULTS: SZ95 sebocytes, human sebaceous glands, and sebum do not emit UVRF. Two types of UVRF peaking at about 635 nm and at about 620 nm were detected in P. acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis, respectively. This is the first report that S. epidermidis emits UVRF when it is anaerobically cultured and then exposed to air. CONCLUSION: Human follicular UVRF is emitted by resident bacteria, not by sebum. Therefore, UVRF may be used to monitor certain species of skin microorganisms.

Evaluation of the New Automatic Mycob.T Stainer and Scanner for Detecting Acid-fast Bacilli in China.

OBJECTIVE: To validate the performance of Mycob. T Stainer and Scanner (MTSS) for detecting acid-fast bacilli (AFB). METHODS: A total of 3,816 sputum samples from 1,515 tuberculosis (TB) suspects were tested at the Anhui Provincial Chest Hospital and the Linyi People's Hospital from April-August, 2016. Each specimen was placed on two smear slides. One slide was stained by the ziehl-neelsen (ZN) method to be read by conventional microscopy (CM). The other slide was stained and scanned by MTSS. All specimens were decontaminated with 4% NaOH, and then inoculated into solid culture. The performance of MTSS was assessed. RESULTS: MTSS produced higher average positivity rate (27.96%) as compared with the CM (26.83%). The overall sensitivity and specificity of MTSS were 78.9% and 93.9%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of CM was 77.4% and 95.0%, respectively. CONCLUSION: MTSS exhibited a favorable performance in the detection of AFB. It may be an alternative to CM for screening TB.

Overexpression of YOD1 Promotes the Migration of Human Oral Keratinocytes by Enhancing TGF-ß3 Signaling.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of YOD1 overexpression on the proliferation and migration of human oral keratinocytes (HOKs), and to clarify whether the mechanisms involve transforming growth factor-ß (TGF-ß) signaling. METHODS: HOKs were transfected with the plasmid pEGFP-N3-YOD1 containing YOD1. The mRNA levels of YOD1 and TGF-ß were determined by qPCR. The protein expressions of YOD1, TGF-ß, Smad2/3, Smad4, and phospho-Smad2/3 were determined by western blotting. Cell proliferation and migration were evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and wound healing assay, respectively. RESULTS: The mRNA and protein levels of YOD1 were higher in HOKs transfected with YOD1. YOD1 overexpression significantly enhanced the migration of HOKs. The mRNA and protein levels of TGF-ß3 were increased by YOD1 overexpression. HOKs transfected with YOD1 exhibited increased phospho-Smad2/3 levels. CONCLUSION: YOD1 overexpression enhances cell migration by promoting TGF-ß3 signaling which may play an important role in lip and palate formation. YOD1 mutation may contribute to aberrant TGF-ß3 signaling associated with decreased cell migration resulting in NSCLP.

Association Between CRISPLD2 Polymorphisms and the Risk of Nonsyndromic Clefts of the Lip and/or Palate: A Meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: Nonsyndromic clefts of the lip and/or palate (NSCL/P) are one of the most common polygenic diseases. Recently, many studies focused on the association between CRISPLD2 polymorphisms and NSCL/P risk. However, some studies have shown opposite results. In this study, meta-analysis was used to confirm whether CRISPLD2 polymorphism was associated with NSCL/P, and the possible mechanism between CRISPLD2 and NSCL/P was explored. METHODS: Relevant studies were conducted on PubMed, Ovid, EBSCO, CINAHL, FMRS, Web of Science, CNKI, and Wanfang databases from their inception up to June 31, 2016. Review Manager 5.0.24 was used to analyze whether CRISPLD2 polymorphism was involved in NSCL/P by pooling odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Potential publication bias was evaluated by visual inspection of the funnel plot. RESULTS: CRISPLD2 rs4783099 was associated with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) statistically (OR = 3.18, P < .01). Compared to genotype TT, genotypes CC and CT were correlated significantly (OR = 2.04, P = .04) with CL/P. No evidence showed an association between genetic variation at the CRISPLD2 locus and cleft palate only (CP). CONCLUSION: The polymorphism of CRISPLD2 rs4783099 is correlated with an increased risk of CL/P.

A Series of Lanthanide-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks: Synthesis, Structures, and Multicolor Tuning of Single Component.

The single component (SC) white-light emitting (WLE) metal-organic frameworks based on europium (Eu-MOFs), which could be applied in lighting and display, have drawn great attention but have rarely been exploited. In this work, we dedicated to design and synthesize SC-WLE Eu-MOFs via a dichromatic strategy on the balance of simultaneous ligand-based and Eu-based emissions. The Eu-MOF {[Eu4(obb)6(H2O)9]·(H2O)}∞ (IAM16-3) generated via the self-assembly of the flexible ligand 4,4'-oxybisbenzoic acid (H2obb) and europium ions displays fascinating excitation-wavelength-dependent photoluminescence (EWDP) property. Upon different excitation wavelengths, tunable WLE through manipulating the intensity ratio of characteristic emissions of Eu3+ ions and ligand-based emissions was performed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example for Eu-MOFs to yield SC-WLE stemming from EWDP property. Three isomorphic lanthanide-based MOFs (LnMOFs), that is, {[Ln4(obb)6(H2O)9]·(H2O)}∞ (Eu3+: IAM16-3; Tb3+: IAM16-4; Dy3+: IAM16-5) based on the flexible bridging linker, that is, 4,4'-oxybisbenzoic acid (H2obb), were obtained. The Eu-MOF, showing with EWDP property, is the first example of SC WLE Eu-MOFs via a dichromatic strategy on the balance of the simultaneous ligand-based and Eu(III)-based emissions at different excitation wavelengths.

Cypermethrin inhibits interleukin-6-induced androgen receptor transactivation through signal transducer and activator of transcription 3.

The insecticide cypermethrin has been considered as an endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) with anti-androgenic activity by interfering with interleukin-6 (IL-6) - induced ligand-independent AR signaling. The purpose of this study was to clarify whether the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was involved in the antagonism effect of cypermethrin. In this study, the Western blot was to test the level of STAT3 phosphorylation and the mammalian two-hybrid assay was developed to assess the AR-STAT3 interaction. The date showed that IL-6 increased the phosphorylation level of STAT3 and enhanced the AR-STAT3 interaction. Cypermethrin did not affect the phosphorylation level of STAT3 induced by IL-6, while suppressed the AR-STAT3 interaction induced by IL-6 significantly at the concentration of 10-5 M (p < 0.05). The study indicates cypermethrin inhibits IL-6-induced AR signaling by suppressing the interaction between the AR and STAT3. We provide a novel mechanism of cypermethrin-mediated antagonism on IL-6-induced AR activation associated with STAT3.