Investigation of histopathological effects after intra-arterial sugammadex injection in an experimental animal model.

PURPOSE: Intra-arterial injection of medications are related to mortality and morbidity. It was aimed to investigate the histopathological effects caused by two different intra-arterial doses of sugammadex, a new selective relaxant binding agent used to reverse the effects of steroidal systemic muscle relaxants used in surgeries carried out under general anesthesia. METHODS: A total of 15 rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups. The control group was given 1 mL saline bolus into the central artery of the ear. The other two groups (Group Sgdx2 and group Sgdx16) were given 2 and 16 mg/kg sugammadex, respectively, intra-arterially. RESULTS: In control group, histopathological evaluation was in normal limits. The cross-sections belonging to Group Sgdx2 did not have any significant pathological change compared with control group (p > 0.05). Edema and single-cell necrosis were significantly higher in Group Sgdx16 when compared to control group (p < 0.05). In comparison to Group Sgdx2, single-cell necrosis was significantly higher in Group Sgdx16 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Being broadly used in anesthesia, sugammadex should be administered with care because when given by intra-arterial route it may cause tissue damage and tissue loss and the patients' arteries should be carefully checked.

Clinical, histopathological, dermatoscopic and digital microscopic features of dermatofibroma: a retrospective analysis of 200 lesions.

BACKGROUND: Dermatology literature lacks a study investigating both histopathological and dermatoscopic features of dermatofibroma. OBJECTIVE: To analyse histopathological, dermatoscopic and digital microscopic features of dermatofibromas. METHODS: Two hundred dermatofibromas and 190 patients were included and retrospectively evaluated. Nine histopathological and ten dermatoscopic patterns were used to classify the lesions. We identified four different types of dermatofibroma in digital microscopy. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 42.18 ± 13.72 years. Dermatofibroma was more common in females (67%) and the male to female ratio was 1:1.97. The most common location was leg (41%). The most frequent histopathological variant was fibrocollagenous type (49%). Grenz zone was the most common histopathological finding (89%). The most frequent digital microscopic type was type 1 (63%). CONCLUSIONS: We found that palisading variant displayed only pattern 6 in dermatoscopy and cellular variant showed type 3 significantly in digital microscopy.

A new finding in a patient with Mowat Wilson syndrome: peripupillary atrophy and gingival hypertrophy.

Mowat-Wilson syndrome is a genetic disease characterized by typical facial features, Hirschsprung disease and multiple congenital abnormalities. MWS is a single gene disorder. One of the most specific clinical signs in MWS is the distinctive face. We report a two-year-old boy with multiple congenital anomalies. He had peripupillary atrophy and gingival hypertrophy different from the literature. The patient was also diagnosed with his clinical findings. These features may be important in Mowat-Wilson syndrome and clinicians should keep these findings in mind.

Cathodoluminescence properties of La2MoO6:Ln3+ (Ln: Eu, Dy, and Sm) phosphors.

La2MoO6 orange-red phosphors with high efficiency incorporated with Eu, Dy and Sm have been synthesized through a gel combustion method. The influences of rare earth doping in synthesized samples were analysed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and cathodoluminescence. Rare earth doped La2MoO6 samples show strong emission bands in the range of 400-750 nm and optimal doping concentration for all samples was 2 mol%. La2MoO6 host doped Eu ion showed intense and predominant emission peaks in 450-750 nm range. The electrical multipolar interaction contributed to the non-radiative energy transfer between Eu3+ ions in La2MoO6 host matrix. Sm doped La2MoO6 host exhibited orange-red CL emission peaks at 564, 608, 652 and 708 nm La2MoO6:Dy3+ phosphor displayed emissions at 484, 574 and 670 nm, respectively. The observed intense and sharp emission peaks indicate that La2MoO6 is promising host for lanthanides doped phosphor materials in the applications of optoelectronic.

Synthesis and photoluminescence characteristics of Dy incorporated MoO3 phosphor: Suppression concentration quenching.

A series of MoO3:Dy3+ phosphors have been synthesized via the gel-combustion method. The X-ray and photoluminescence (PL) emission spectra were employed to characterize the obtained phosphors. The prepared samples were characterized through XRD measurements and exhibited that Dy3+ ions can be successfully incorporated into the host material. The PL emission bands of Dy3+ doped MoO3 were observed at 486 nm, 574 nm and 666 nm which are assigned to the transitions of 4F9/2 â†’ 6H15/2, 4F9/2 â†’ 6H13/2 and 4F9/2 â†’ 6H11/2, respectively. Concentration quenching were largely taken into consideration as one of the crucial aspects limiting the application range of phosphors in today's modern world. An abnormal thermal quenching dependence was reported when Dy3+ ions were incorporated into MoO3 host matrix. In order to understand the origin of this beneficial behaviour, energy transfer processes occurring via radiative and nonradiative mechanisms were investigated to elucidate this suppression of the concentration quenching.

Preparation and cathodoluminescence characteristics of rare earth activated BaAl2O4 phosphors.

Undoped and Pr, Sm and Tb activated BaAl2O4 phosphors have been synthesized by solid state reaction method and combustion method. The structure and morphological observation of the phosphor samples were monitored by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) coupled to an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS). The all diffraction peaks are well assigned to standard data card (PDF♯17-306). Emission properties of the samples were explored using light emission induced by an electron beam (i.e cathodoluminescence, CL) at room temperature (RT). Undoped BaAl2O4 sample exhibits a broad defect emission from 300 to 500 nm from the aluminate defect centres. CL spectra recorded at room temperature display that the as-prepared BaAl2O4:Ln (Ln=Pr, Sm and Tb) phosphors exhibit different luminescence colors coming from different rare earth activator ions. The transition 4G5/2 → 6H7/2 located at 606 and 610 nm for Sm3+ can occur as hypersensitive transition having the selection rule ΔJ = ±â€¯1. For the Tb3+ doped samples, they exhibit D45 green line emissions. The proposed luminescent mechanisms of all doped rare earth ions are also discussed.

Single dose intratympanic mesna application inhibits propylene glycol induced cholesteatoma formation.

OBJECTIVE: Mesna (i.e. sodium 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate; C2H5NaO3S2) has been used in otological surgery such as cholesteatoma dissection and tympanic membrane lateralisation in atelectatic ears. However, this study aimed to investigate its effect on cholesteatoma formation. METHODS: A total of 20 Wistar rats were divided into two groups of 10 animals. The right and left ears of control animals were treated with saline (saline control group; n = 10 ears) and propylene glycol plus saline (propylene glycol control group; n = 10 ears), respectively. In the mesna group, both ears were treated with propylene glycol plus mesna (n = 20 ears). On days 1, 8 and 15, the saline control group had intratympanic injections of 0.2 ml saline and the propylene glycol control and mesna groups had intratympanic injections of 0.2 ml 100 per cent propylene glycol. On day 22, the propylene glycol control group had a single intratympanic injection of 0.2 ml saline and the mesna group had a single intratympanic injection of 10 per cent mesna. Animals were killed 12 weeks after the last injection and the temporal bones were sent for histopathological evaluation. RESULTS: The cholesteatoma formation rate was 88 per cent in the propylene glycol control group, but was significantly lower in the mesna group (p = 0.01). There were no significant differences in granulation tissue formation (p = 0.498), cyst formation in the bulla (p = 0.381), fibrosis (p = 0.072) and epithelial hyperplasia (p = 0.081) among experimental groups. CONCLUSION: Intratympanic propylene glycol administration is an effective method of promoting experimental cholesteatoma formation. Administration of a single dose of intratympanic mesna inhibited cholesteatoma formation in an animal model.

The role of calcination temperature on structural and luminescence behaviour of novel apatite-based Ca2Y 8(SiO4)6O2: Ce3+,Tb3+ phosphors.

A series of novel apatite-based Ca2Y8(SiO4)6O2 phosphors doped with Ce3+ and Tb3+ were synthesized by a solid-state reaction method at different calcination temperatures and times. The comparative results of thermal analysis (TG-DTA), FTIR, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) reveal that the firing temperature for Ca 2Y 8 (SiO4)6O2:Ce3+, Tb3+ was optimized to be 1200°C. The systematic studies on the influences of thermal treatment conditions on photoluminescence (PL) and cathodoluminescence (CL) properties were also reported. The excitation spectra of Ca2Y8(SiO4)6O2:Ce3+, Tb3+exhibited one strong excitation band at 325nm. The PL and CL results indicated that the violet-blue emission intensities about 400nm from the Ce3+ and efficient green emission at 544nm from Tb3+ were highly dependent on the calcination conditions.

Luminescence studies of zinc borates activated with different concentrations of Ce and La under x-ray and electron excitation.

Several ZnB2O4 powder samples having dopants concentrations of 0.1, 0.01, 0.04wt% Ce and La were prepared using the nitric acid method via the starting oxides. Several complementary methods such as powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal analyses environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), Radioluminescence (RL) and Cathodoluminescence (CL) techniques were used. Unique luminescence properties of Ce doped ZnB2O4 powder samples are reported for the first time. A new luminescence bands appearing in red part of the spectrum and having all the characteristics of Ce3+ were obtained from RL results. Changing the Ce and La concentration of 0.01-0.1wt% leads to an increase in RL and CL intensities of Ce3+ and La3+ ions and also CL emission spectra of ZnB2O4 show gradual shift towards longer wavelength. When we compare the luminescence intensity of the samples it is seen that Ce doped ZnB2O4 has the highest intense whereas La doped ZnB2O4 has the lowest one. However, emission spectra of both Ce and La doped samples kept unchanged.

Visible to infrared low temperature photoluminescence of rare earth doped bismuth germanate crystals.

In this paper, the influence of a series of rare earth (Eu, Tm, Nd) and Cr ion doping on the optical properties of BGO was investigated by means of photoluminescence (PL) from visible to IR region in the 10-300K temperature range using different types of detectors, namely, photomultiplier tube (PMT), InGaAs (IGA), and Si. Several samples were investigated having dopants concentrations of 0.3wt%Nd, 0.4wt%Tm, 0.06wt% Cr and 3ppm Eu. The PL spectra of the samples showed different luminescence behaviour which is assigned to the 4f intra shell transition from rare earth ions. The temperature dependence of the PL from rare earth doped BGO crystals is also examined.

Thermoluminescence studies of Nd doped Bi4Ge3O12 crystals irradiated by UV and beta sources.

Thermoluminescence (TL) glow curves of pure and rare earth doped bismuth germanate (BGO) were investigated under UV and beta radiation. The glow curves of pure BGO crystal present different patterns for both kinds of radiation. The TL glow curves of BGO crystals doped with Nd ions are similar to that of pure BGO under UV radiation. The kinetic parameters, kinetic order (b), activation energy (E) and frequency factor (s) of the TL glow curves of pure BGO crystal have been determined by peak shape method. Activation energies of 3 peaks obtained by PS were found to be 1.81, 1.15 and 1.78, respectively.

Optical spectroscopy of the Ce-doped multicomponent garnets.

Here, we report our results referring to the preparation of Ce doped Y2.22MgGa2Al2SiO12, Y1.93MgAl4SiO12 and Y2.22Gd0.75Ga2Al3O12 using solid state reaction at high temperature. Several complementary methods (i.e. powder x-ray diffraction (XRPD), energy dispersive analysis of X-rays (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)) were studied to examine the effects of the synthesis procedure on the morphology and structure. XRD analyses revealed that all compounds include yttrium aluminate phase with garnet structure. Cathodoluminescence (CL), radioluminescence (RL) and photoluminescence (PL) measurements were carried out for clarification of relationship between host lattice defects and the spectral luminescence emissions. Luminescence emission of phosphors is peaked at 530nm assigned to 5d-4f transitions of the dopant Ce(3+) ions with a broad emission band in 400-700nm range. Under electron irradiation, the emission spectrum of Ce doped (YGd)3Ga2Al3O12 is well defined and has a characteristic fairly narrow and sharp emission band peaking at 312nm and 624nm corresponding to transition of (6)P7/2 →(8)S7/2 and (6)GJ→(6)PJ (Gd(3+)), respectively. We suggest some of phosphors might be excellent phototherapy phosphor materials under electron excitation.

Idiopathic scrotal calcinosis: the incorrect terminology of scrotal calcinosis.

AIM: Scrotal calcinosis is a rare and benign condition characterized by multiple calcific deposits occurring in scrotum and formed as nodules and lumps within scrotal skin with any systemic metabolic disorder. The so-called idiopathic scrotal calcinosis does not appear to be idiopathic, but rather a process of dystrophic calcification of epidermal cysts. Histological examination shows calcium deposites with in the dermis that may be surrounded with histiocytes and an inflammatory giant cell reaction. The aim of this paper was to detect dystrophic calcification of epidermal cysts and to take attention to the incorrect terminology of "idiopathic calsification". METHODS: This is a two-centered study of scrotal calcinosis with 17 cases, on which clinical and histopathological examinations were conducted. RESULTS: The patients we examined all had scrotal epidermoid cysts in varying stages of inflammation coexisted with scrotal calcinosis. Some cyts (52.9%) had intact epithelial walls, others (35.2%) showed rupture of their epithelial walls associated with the presence of keratin fibers and calcium granules in the surrounding dermis and all had naked calcium deposits lying in the dermis. CONCLUSION: The spectrum of the changes that we experienced in the histology, coupled with the normal values in the biochemical profile, shore up the theory of dystrophic calcification of epithelial cysts. During the time first these cysts become inflamed than rupture in the and calcium depocytes replase with the cysts.

Catholuminescence properties of rare earth doped CaSnO3 phosphor.

The present study describes cathodoluminescence (CL) properties of CaSnO3 phosphors doped with Eu(3+), Tb(3+) and Dy(3+) synthesized by a solid-state method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirm that CaSnO3 sintered at 1200°C exhibits orthorhombic structure. The evidence and rationale for two strong broad emission bands appeared at 360 and 780nm for undoped CaSnO3 are presented. The CL measurements exhibit that the 4f-4f emissions from (5)D4→(7)F6 (490nm), (5)D4 →(7)F5 (544nm), (5)D4 →(7)F4 (586nm) and (5)D4 →(7)F3 (622nm), assigned to possible transitions of Tb(3+) ions are seen. The strongest one, observed at 544nm, due to its probability of both magnetic and electric transitions make the sample emission green. Emissions at 480, 574, 662 and 755nm were detected for the CaSnO3:Dy(3+) and attributed to the transitions from the (4)F9/2 to various energy levels (6)H15/2, (6)H13/2, (6)H11/2 and (6)H9/2+(6)F11/2 of Dy(3+), respectively. CL spectra of Eu doped CaSnO3 reveal that there is a strong emission peak appeared at 615nm due to the electric dipole transition (5)D0→(7)F2 (red). Finally, our results show that the rare earth doped CaSnO3 have remarkable potential for applications as optical materials since it exhibits efficient and sharp emission due to rare earth ions.

Characterisation and luminescence studies of Tm and Na doped magnesium borate phosphors.

In this study, structural and luminescence properties of magnesium borate of the form MgB4O7 doped with Tm and Na were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and cathodoluminescence (CL). The morphologies of the synthetised compounds exhibit clustered granules and road-like materials. As doping trivalent ions into a host with divalent cations requires charge compensation, this effect is discussed. The CL spectra of undoped MgB4O7 shows a broad band emission centred around 350 nm which is postulated to be produced by self-trapped excitons and some other defects. From the CL emission spectrum, main emission bands centred at 360, 455, 475 nm due to the respective transitions of (1)D2→(3)H6,(1)D2→(3)F4 and (1)G4→(3)H6 suggest the presence of Tm(3+) ion in MgB4O7 lattice site. CL mechanism was proposed to explain the observed phenomena which are valuable in possibility of the developing new luminescent materials for different applications. In addition, the experimental Raman spectrum of doped and undoped MgB4O7 were reported and discussed.

Second primary cancer due to radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

Cancer patients are treated successfully with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or a combination of both. However, many agents used in cancer chemotherapy as well as ionizing radiation are known carcinogens. The long survival of cancer patients treated successfully for their primary cancer made possible the observations of late effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy and, in particular, the occurrence of second primary cancers. In this report we review the cases of five patients with second primary malignancies and wish to emphasize the importance of a thorough follow-up of patients treated successfully for and possibly cured of a primary cancer.

Diagnosing oesophagitis in children: how discriminative is histology?

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: We set out to evaluate the discriminatory value of currently available histologic criteria in the differential diagnosis of reflux oesophagitis and eosinophilic oesophagitis in children. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We evaluated the oesophageal biopsies of 145 children and selected 28 demonstrative cases of clinically confirmed eosinophilic oesophagitis (n = 7), and reflux oesophagitis (n = 11) with a control group with normal histology (n = 10). Histological assessment was performed for the presence of papillary elongation, dilatation of intercellular spaces, basal cell hyperplasia and the number of intraepithelial eosinophils, lymphocytes and neutrophils. RESULTS: Among 28 children, there were 3 boys and 4 girls in eosinophilic oesophagitis group, 8 boys and 3 girls in reflux group, and 5 boys and 5 girls in normal group. The mean age was 10,4 years. Basal cell hyperplasia was observed in 12 cases while papillary elongation was found in 25, and dilated intercellular spaces were present in 20 cases. Lymphocyte and neutrophil counts were significantly higher in reflux group when compared to eosinophilic oesophagitis and normal group. Eosinophil counts were significantly higher in eosinophilic group. CONCLUSIONS: Results of the present study suggest that, basal cell hyperplasia, papillary elongation, and dilated intercellular spaces all seem to be markers of oesophagitis regardless of the underlying pathology and etiology, thereby, highlighting their rather nonspecific nature in the differential diagnosis of various types of oesophagitis. The additional information on inflammatory cell counts may help to distinguish reflux oesophagitis from other causes of oesophagitis including EoO.