Fully Ab Initio Approach to Inelastic Atom-Surface Scattering.

We introduce a fully ab initio theory for inelastic scattering of any atom from any surface exciting single phonons, and apply the theory to helium scattering from Nb(100). The key aspect making our approach general is a direct first-principles evaluation of the scattering atom-electron vertex. By correcting misleading results from current state-of-the-art theories, this fully ab initio approach will be critical in guiding and interpreting experiments that adopt next-generation, nondestructive atomic beam scattering.

Impulsivity, sex-related alcohol expectancies, alcohol use, and sexual risk-taking among bisexual women.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: According to the acquired preparedness model, personality traits, such as impulsivity, may influence the learning process, contributing to heightened expectations surrounding risky behaviors (i.e., alcohol use, sexual risk-taking). As bisexual women demonstrate heightened risk for hazardous alcohol- and sex-related behaviors, the present study examined a sequential pathway, whereby the relation between impulsivity and sexual risk-taking is mediated through sex-related alcohol expectancies and alcohol use. METHODS: Data were collected from 225 self-identified cisgender, bisexual women between the ages of 18 and 30 years (M = 22.77, SD = 3.45), who participated in an online survey. Participants reported on impulsivity, sex-related alcohol expectancies, alcohol use, and experiences of sexual risk-taking. RESULTS: Results revealed that sex-related alcohol expectancies and alcohol use sequentially mediated the relation between impulsivity and sexual risk-taking. Thus, greater impulsivity was related to greater sexual risk-taking through heightened sex-related alcohol expectancies and elevated alcohol use. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Findings from this study highlight mechanisms associated with risky drinking and sexual behaviors among this at-risk population. Such information could aid the development of more efficacious prevention and intervention programs aimed at reducing consequences associated with alcohol use and sexual risk-taking among bisexual women. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE: Bisexual women are at heightened risk for alcohol-related problems, including sexual risk-taking. Findings from the current study identify impulsivity and sex-related alcohol expectancies as independent and integrative predictors of such risky behaviors. Incorporation of these constructs may aid in the development of more efficacious clinical methods aimed at bettering health outcomes among bisexual women.

Normative Perceptions of Sexual Behavior and Alcohol Use among Bisexual Women.

Background: As compared to heterosexual and lesbian women, bisexual women report higher rates of alcohol, other substance use, and risky sexual behavior, and they experience more negative outcomes from these behaviors. Descriptive norms (i.e., perceptions of others' behavior) are an important predictor of risky behaviors, but scant research has examined whether bisexual women's perceptions of other bisexual women's alcohol use and sexual behavior are associated with their own alcohol or drug use during sex. Objectives: Consequently, the present study examined (1) whether perceived sex norms were related to engagement in sex and (2) the relative influence of drinking and sex norms on engaging in sex while drinking among bisexual women. Method: Data were collected from 225 self-identified bisexual women who completed an online survey about their typical weekly alcohol use, engagement in alcohol or drug use during sex in the past 30 days, and normative perceptions of drinking and sexual behavior. Results: Regression models demonstrated both sexual norms and drinking frequency norms were positively associated with alcohol or drug use during sex. In addition, only perceived norms of other bisexual women, compared to perceived norms of lesbian and heterosexual women, predicted engagement in sex. Conclusions: Bisexual women may be susceptible to normative perceptions, given their connectedness to a marginalized social group. Thus, alcohol prevention and intervention efforts aimed at reducing risky consequences among bisexual women should specifically consider drinking and sexual norms of other bisexual women.

Hookups Among U.S. College Students: Examining the Association Between Hookup Motives and Personal Affect.

"Hooking up" is prevalent on college campuses and is related to both positive and negative outcomes for students. The current study was an exploratory examination of hookup motives, and positive and negative affect, related to the most recent hookup experience. Participants were 256 U.S. college students who reported hooking up in the last 12 months. Students completed a 30-min anonymous online survey assessing behaviors and cognitions during their most recent hookup, including alcohol use at the time of the hookup, motives for hooking up, and post-hookup affect. The model demonstrated that gender, conformity motives, and social-relationship motives significantly and positively predicted negative affect, whereas enhancement motives negatively predicted negative affect. Coping and enhancement motives significantly and positively predicted positive affect, whereas alcohol use negatively predicted positive affect. This study was a unique examination of hookup motives, with important findings that explained large portions of variance in post-hookup affect. The overall model explained approximately 23% of the variance in negative affect and 49% of the variance in positive affect. Findings highlight that, depending on the hookup motive, hooking up can be associated with positive outcomes, such as positive affect.

A combined helium atom scattering and density-functional theory study of the Nb(100) surface oxide reconstruction: Phonon band structures and vibrational dynamics.

Helium atom scattering and density-functional theory (DFT) are used to characterize the phonon band structure of the (3 × 1)-O surface reconstruction of Nb(100). Innovative DFT calculations comparing surface phonons of bare Nb(100) to those of the oxide surface show increased resonances for the oxide, especially at higher energies. Calculated dispersion curves align well with experimental results and yield atomic displacements to characterize polarizations. Inelastic helium time-of-flight measurements show phonons with mixed longitudinal and shear-vertical displacements along both the ⟨1̄00⟩, Γ̄X̄ and ⟨11̄0⟩, Γ̄M̄ symmetry axes over the entire first surface Brillouin zone. Force constants calculated for bulk Nb, Nb(100), and the (3 × 1)-O Nb(100) reconstruction indicate much stronger responses from the oxide surface, particularly for the top few layers of niobium and oxygen atoms. Many of the strengthened bonds at the surface create the characteristic ladder structure, which passivates and stabilizes the surface. These results represent, to our knowledge, the first phonon dispersion data for the oxide surface and the first ab initio calculation of the oxide's surface phonons. This study supplies critical information for the further development of advanced materials for superconducting radiofrequency cavities.

Genetic deletion of gpr27 alters acylcarnitine metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and glucose homeostasis in zebrafish.

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) comprise the largest group of membrane receptors in eukaryotic genomes and collectively they regulate nearly all cellular processes. Despite the widely recognized importance of this class of proteins, many GPCRs remain understudied. G protein-coupled receptor 27 (Gpr27) is an orphan GPCR that displays high conservation during vertebrate evolution. Although, GPR27 is known to be expressed in tissues that regulate metabolism including the pancreas, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue, its functions are poorly characterized. Therefore, to investigate the potential roles of Gpr27 in energy metabolism, we generated a whole body gpr27 knockout zebrafish line. Loss of gpr27 potentiated the elevation in glucose levels induced by pharmacological or nutritional perturbations. We next leveraged a mass spectrometry metabolite profiling platform to identify other potential metabolic functions of Gpr27. Notably, genetic deletion of gpr27 elevated medium-chain acylcarnitines, in particular C6-hexanoylcarnitine, C8-octanoylcarnitine, C9-nonanoylcarnitine, and C10-decanoylcarnitine, lipid species known to be associated with insulin resistance in humans. Concordantly, gpr27 deletion in zebrafish abrogated insulin-dependent Akt phosphorylation and glucose utilization. Finally, loss of gpr27 increased the expression of key enzymes in carnitine shuttle complex, in particular the homolog to the brain-specific isoform of CPT1C which functions as a hypothalamic energy senor. In summary, our findings shed light on the biochemical functions of Gpr27 by illuminating its role in lipid metabolism, insulin signaling, and glucose homeostasis.

A brief history of spaceflight from 1961 to 2020: An analysis of missions and astronaut demographics.

Human spaceflight and the characteristics of people who become astronauts have changed over time. Here we present an analysis of n=1,265 manned spaceflights by n=562 astronauts from 1961-2020 to investigate historical trends over time and between space agencies in terms of astronaut demographics and spaceflight duration. Generalized linear models and generalized linear mixed models were implemented with adjustments for all available demographic data as covariates. Women continue to be underrepresented as astronauts, and were younger, had fewer children, and were less likely to have a military background than their male counterparts. Astronaut age has increased over time, although this increase was significant only for first-time spaceflights. The proportion of astronauts from civilian backgrounds has generally increased over time, although there is evidence this trend may be reversing. Spaceflight duration has increased over time, and has been longest for ROSCOSMOS cosmonauts and shortest for Chinese taikonauts. There were also differences between space agencies in terms of astronaut demographics, particularly between NASA and ROSCOSMOS, with first-time NASA astronauts more likely to be women, civilian and older than first-time ROSCOSMOS cosmonauts. As humankind embarks on exploration-class missions back to the lunar surface and then onward to Mars, and with new nations and commercial entities entering the international space community, the nature of spaceflight, and the diversity of the astronauts, will continue to evolve.

The role of United States identity in adjustment among Veterans.

Given over 2.77 million US service members have been deployed in the past 20 years and the intense process of reintegration to civilian life, understanding factors that contribute to Veterans' mental health and substance use is critical. This study sought to understand the effects of US identity exploration, US identity commitment, US identity affirmation, and US identity centrality on substance use and symptoms of depression and anxiety. The sample consisted of 195 US military Veterans (n = 184, 53.3% women; 73.3% White; Mage = 35.12 years, SD = 9.60 years). Bivariate correlations indicated US identity affirmation was negatively associated with substance use and symptoms of depression and anxiety whereas US identity centrality was positively correlated with alcohol use. Utilizing structural equation model, US identity affirmation and US identity centrality were, respectively, negatively and positively associated with alcohol use, substance use, and symptoms of depression and anxiety. Partially consistent with our hypothesis, US identity exploration was positively associated with symptoms of anxiety. In contrast to our hypothesis, US identity commitment was not significantly associated with any outcome. Results are discussed in terms of important directions for identity research in the transition to civilian life.

Moral Injury, Substance Use, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Among Military Personnel: An Examination of Trait Mindfulness as a Moderator.

Mindfulness-based approaches have been suggested as possible methods to treat moral injury in military personnel. However, empirical research has yet to evaluate if mindfulness acts as a protective factor for the possible negative effects of moral injury, such as alcohol use, drug use, or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. In this study, we investigated if five facets of mindfulness (i.e., observing, nonjudging, nonreactivity, awareness, and describing) moderated associations between moral injury and the outcomes of PTSD symptoms, alcohol misuse, and drug abuse symptoms in a sample of military personnel. Participants were 244 military personnel (the majority were former military members) who had been deployed at least once during the Iraq War, War in Afghanistan, other wars, or humanitarian missions. The study results indicated that nonjudging, ß = -.22, and awareness, ß = -.25, had significant attenuating effects on the association between moral injury and drug abuse symptoms. However, observing, ß = .17; nonreactivity, ß = .23; and describing, ß = .15, had significant synergistic effects (i.e., they strengthened the association between moral injury and drug abuse symptoms). There were no significant moderation effects on the associations between moral injury and PTSD symptoms or between moral injury and alcohol misuse. Our results provide initial evidence that not all facets of mindfulness may protect against the challenges of coping with moral injury. Directions for future research and implications for practice are discussed.

Spanish Abstracts by Asociación Chilena de Estrés Traumático (ACET) Daño moral, uso de sustancias y síntomas de TEPT entre el personal militar: un examen de la atención consciente de los rasgos como moderador MINDFULNESS Y DAÑO MORAL EN VETERANOS Se han sugerido enfoques basados ​​en la atención plena (o mindfulness en inglés) como posibles métodos para tratar el daño moral en el personal militar. Sin embargo, la investigación empírica aún debe evaluar si la atención plena actúa como un factor protector para los posibles efectos negativos del daño moral, como el consumo de alcohol, el uso de drogas o los síntomas del trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT). En este estudio, investigamos si cinco facetas de la atención plena (es decir, observar, no juzgar, no reaccionar, conciencia y describir) moderaron las asociaciones entre daño moral y los resultados de los síntomas del TEPT, el uso indebido del alcohol y los síntomas del abuso de drogas en una muestra de personal militar. Los participantes eran 244 militares (la mayoría de ellos ex militares) que habían sido desplegados al menos una vez durante la Guerra de Irak, la Guerra en Afganistán, otras guerras o misiones humanitarias. Los resultados del estudio indicaron que el no juzgar, ß = −.22, y la conciencia ß = −.25, tuvieron efectos atenuantes significativos en la asociación entre daño moral y síntomas de abuso de drogas. Sin embargo, observar, ß = .17; no reactividad, ß = .23; y describir, ß = .15, tuvo efectos sinérgicos significativos (es decir, fortalecieron la asociación entre daño moral y los síntomas de abuso de drogas). No hubo efectos significativos de moderación en las asociaciones entre el daño moral y los síntomas del TEPT o entre el daño moral y el abuso del alcohol. Nuestros resultados proporcionan evidencia inicial de que no todas las facetas de la atención plena pueden proteger contra los desafíos de enfrentar el daño moral. Se discuten lineamientos para futuras investigaciones y las implicaciones para la práctica.

Associations Among Exposure to Potentially Morally Injurious Experiences, Spiritual Injury, and Alcohol Use Among Combat Veterans.

Potentially morally injurious experiences (PMIEs) are events that may violate deeply held values or belief systems. Combat engagement places service members at a heightened risk for PMIE exposure. Exposure to PMIEs may elicit internal conflict between moral beliefs and experiences and, if unresolved, conflict may manifest as feelings of guilt, shame, and spiritual or existential crisis. Further, distress caused by these experiences may promote harmful behaviors (e.g., excessive alcohol use), which may serve as attempts to cope with PMIEs veterans have witnessed or participated in. The present study examined a sequential mediation model in which combat exposure was associated with alcohol use (i.e., alcohol consumption, dependence symptoms, and alcohol-related problems) via PMIE exposure and spiritual injury (e.g., alienation from and/or anger towards respective higher power) in a community sample of 380 recent-era combat veterans. Multiple-group sequential mediation was then used to examine whether the model fit similarly across men and women. Exposure to PMIEs and spiritual injury sequentially mediated the association between combat and alcohol; higher levels of PMIE exposure and spiritual injury were associated with increased alcohol use, R2 = .17, f2 = 0.07. The multiple-group model showed that these associations significantly varied between genders such that the mediation was only significant among men. The results indicated that PMIEs and spiritual injury were associated with increased alcohol use, but these associations differed as a function of gender. Future research is needed to refine our understanding of moral and spiritual injury and explore possible risk and protective factors.

Spanish Abstracts by Asociación Chilena de Estrés Traumático (ACET) Las Asociaciones entre la Exposición a Experiencias Potencialmente Dañinas Moralmente, Daño Espiritual, y el Uso de Alcohol Entre Combatientes Veteranos EXPOSICION, DAÑO ESPIRITUAL, Y USO DE ALCOHOL Las experiencias potencialmente dañinas moralmente (PMIEs en su sigla en inglés) son eventos que pueden transgredir los valores profundamente arraigados o los sistemas de creencias. La participación en combates posiciona a los miembros en servicio en un más alto riesgo de exposición a las PMIEs. La exposición a las PMIEs puede provocar conflictos internos entre las creencias morales y las experiencias y, si no son resueltos, el conflicto puede manifestarse como sentimientos de culpa, vergüenza, y crisis espirituales o existenciales. Además, el malestar causado por estas experiencias puede promover conductas dañinas (por ej., uso excesivo de alcohol), las cuales pueden servir como intentos para lidiar con las PMIEs que los veteranos han observado o en las que ellos han participado. En el presente estudio, en una muestra comunitaria de 380 combatientes veteranos de la era reciente, se examinó un modelo de mediación secuencial en el cual la exposición al combate fue asociada con el uso de alcohol (por ej., consumo de alcohol, síntomas de dependencia, y problemas asociados al alcohol) por medio de la exposición a las PMIEs y el daño espiritual (por ej., alienación y enojo contra una deidad). Una mediación secuencial de grupos múltiples fue luego usada para examinar si el modelo se ajustaba similarmente entre hombres y mujeres. La exposición a las PMIEs y el daño espiritual mediaron secuencialmente la asociación entre el combate y el alcohol; niveles más altos de exposición a las PMIEs y el daño espiritual se asociaron con mayor uso de alcohol, R2 = .17, f2 = 0.07. El modelo de grupos múltiples mostró que estas asociaciones variaron significativamente entre los géneros, de manera tal que la mediación fue solamente significativa entre los hombres. Los resultados indican que las PMIEs y el daño espiritual se encuentran asociados con un mayor uso de alcohol, pero estas asociaciones son diferentes dependiendo del género. Las futuras investigaciones son necesarias para mejorar nuestro entendimiento del daño moral y espiritual y explorar posibles factores de riesgo y protectores.

Examining the Directionality Between Identity Development and Depressive Symptoms Among Recently Immigrated Hispanic Adolescents.

Although personal identity development has been conceptualized as a source of psychological stability and protective against depressive symptoms among Hispanic immigrants, there remains ambiguity regarding the directional relationship between identity development and depression. To address this limitation, the current study sought to establish directionality between identity development and depressive symptoms. The sample consisted of 302 recent (<5 years) immigrant Hispanic adolescents (53.3% boys; Mage = 14.51 years at baseline; SD = 0.88 years) from Miami and Los Angeles who participated in a longitudinal study. The findings suggested a bidirectional relationship between identity and depressive symptoms such that identity coherence negatively predicted depressive symptoms, yet depressive symptoms also negatively predicted coherence and positively predicted subsequent identity confusion. Findings not only provide further evidence for the protective role of identity development during times of acute cultural transitions, but also emphasize the need for research to examine how depressive symptoms, and psychopathology more broadly, may interfere with establishing a sense of self.

Work stressors, depressive symptoms and sleep quality among US Navy members: a parallel process latent growth modelling approach across deployment.

The present study examined whether work stressors contribute to sleep problems and depressive symptoms over the course of deployment (i.e. pre-deployment, post-deployment and 6-month reintegration) among US Navy members. Specifically, we examined whether depressive symptoms or sleep quality mediate the relationships between work stressors and these outcomes. Participants were 101 US Navy members who experienced an 8-month deployment after Operational Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom. Using piecewise latent growth models, we found that increased work stressors were linked to increased depressive symptoms and decreased sleep quality across all three deployment stages. Further, increases in work stressors from pre- to post-deployment contributed to poorer sleep quality post-deployment via increasing depressive symptoms. Moreover, sleep quality mediated the association between increases in work stressors and increases in depressive symptoms from pre- to post-deployment. These effects were maintained from post-deployment through the 6-month reintegration. Although preliminary, our results suggest that changes in work stressors may have small, but significant implications for both depressive symptoms and quality of sleep over time, and a bi-directional relationship persists between sleep quality and depression across deployment. Strategies that target both stress and sleep could address both precipitating and perpetuating factors that affect sleep and depressive symptoms.

Sexual Coercion, Drinking to Cope Motives, and Alcohol-Related Consequences among Self-Identified Bisexual Women.

BACKGROUND: Given higher sexual victimization and greater alcohol use among bisexual women, a critical public health challenge is to understand within-group variation that may heighten or explain these associations in bisexual women. OBJECTIVES: The present study tested a moderated-mediation model in which sexual coercion was hypothesized to be associated with alcohol-related consequences via drinking to cope motives in self-identified bisexual women who reported at least occasional binge drinking. Negative affect was hypothesized to moderate the sexual coercion-drinking to cope motives association. METHODS: Participants were a community sample of 107 self-identified bisexual women (age M = 20.97, SD = 2.11) who completed an online survey and reported at least one binge drinking episode as well as engaging in sexual activity in the past 30 days. RESULTS: Of these participants, 57 (53.3%) reported one or more experiences of sexual coercion in the past 30 days. Sexual coercion was associated with negative alcohol-related consequences via drinking to cope motives. Negative affect moderated the association between sexual coercion and drinking to cope motives such that the association was stronger among women with greater negative affect. Conclusions/Importance: Methods of addressing vulnerability to sexual coercion and educating young bisexual women about the association between sexual coercion and potentially problematic affective coping through alcohol use are needed.

Mental Health Symptoms and Parenting Among Father-Only and Dual Substance Use Disorder Couples.

In the present study, we examined associations between fathers' and mothers' mental health symptoms as related to their own and their partner's parenting in couples in which fathers (n = 38 families) or both partners (n = 30 families) had substance use disorder (SUD). Each partner reported on symptoms of depression, anxiety, and hostility; children reported on each parent's parenting behaviors, including acceptance, psychological control, and knowledge of children. Actor-partner interdependence models indicated that when substance-abusing fathers have more symptoms of anxiety and depression, non-substance-abusing mothers report greater knowledge of children, whereas non-substance-abusing mothers' mental health symptoms were related to less paternal knowledge of children. In dual SUD couples, mothers' depressive symptoms were associated with more paternal knowledge of children. These preliminary findings offer select support for family systems theory.

Testing a Model of Binegativity, Drinking-to-Cope Motives, Alcohol Use, and Sexual Coercion Among Self-Identified Bisexual Women.

In the present study, we tested a sequential mediation model whereby binegativity was associated with sexual coercion through drinking to cope motives and alcohol use. Data were examined from 224 self-identified bisexual women (M age = 22.79; SD = 3.44) who took part in an online survey. Participants reported binegativity, alcohol use, drinking to cope motivations, and sexual coercion experiences for the previous 30 days. A total of 48.0% of the sample (n = 108) experienced sexual coercion in the past 30 days. Sequential mediation indicated more experiences of binegativity were associated with greater drinking to cope motives, which in turn, related to greater alcohol frequency and greater likelihood of sexual coercion. Alcohol quantity was not a significant mediator. Results suggest the importance of studying the impact of binegativity on bisexual women, as well as developing prevention programs that consider how this form of discrimination may contribute to drinking to cope motives, more frequent alcohol use, and increased risk for sexual coercion.

Self-Reported Pain in Male and Female Iraq/Afghanistan-Era Veterans: Associations with Psychiatric Symptoms and Functioning.

OBJECTIVE: To examine pain symptoms and co-occurring psychiatric and functional indices in male and female Iraq/Afghanistan-era veterans. DESIGN: Self-reported data collection and interviews of Iraq/Afghanistan-era veterans who participated in a multisite study of postdeployment mental health. SETTING: Veterans were enrolled at one of four participating VA sites. SUBJECTS: Two thousand five hundred eighty-seven male and 662 female Iraq/Afghanistan-era veterans. METHODS: Nonparametric Wilcoxon rank tests examined differences in pain scores between male and female veterans. Chi-square tests assessed differences between male and female veterans in the proportion of respondents endorsing moderate to high levels of pain vs no pain. Multilevel regression analyses evaluated the effect of pain on a variety of psychiatric and functional measures. RESULTS: Compared with males, female veterans reported significantly higher mean levels of headache ( P < 0.0001), muscle soreness ( P < 0.008), and total pain ( P < 0.0001), and were more likely to report the highest levels of headache ( P < 0.0001) and muscle soreness ( P < 0.0039). The presence of pain symptoms in Iraq/Afghanistan-era veterans was positively associated with psychiatric comorbidity and negatively associated with psychosocial functioning. There were no observed gender differences in psychiatric and functional indices when levels of pain were equated. CONCLUSIONS: Although female Iraq/Afghanistan-era veterans reported higher levels of pain than male veterans overall, male and female veterans experienced similar levels of psychiatric and functional problems at equivalent levels of reported pain. These findings suggest that pain-associated psychological and functional impacts are comparable and consequential for both male and female veterans.

Social Support and Relationship Satisfaction as Moderators of the Stress-Mood-Alcohol Link Association in US Navy Members.

The present study examined associations between stress and problematic alcohol use among US Navy members anticipating deployment, whether depressive symptoms mediated the stress-alcohol link, and whether social support and relationship satisfaction moderated associations between stress, depressive symptoms, and problematic alcohol use. Participants were 108 US Navy members assigned to an Arleigh Burke-class destroyer anticipating an 8-month deployment after Operational Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom. Stress was indirectly related to problematic alcohol use such that higher levels of stress were associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms, which were further associated with higher levels of alcohol use. The indirect effect of stress to problematic alcohol use via depressive symptoms was tested at different levels of social support and relationship satisfaction. At higher levels of social support and relationship satisfaction, the association between stress and problematic alcohol use via depressive symptoms decreased. Results help identify targets for alcohol prevention efforts among current military members.

Reducing cyberbullying: A theory of reasoned action-based video prevention program for college students.

Few studies have evaluated the effectiveness of cyberbullying prevention/intervention programs. The goals of the present study were to develop a Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA)-based video program to increase cyberbullying knowledge (1) and empathy toward cyberbullying victims (2), reduce favorable attitudes toward cyberbullying (3), decrease positive injunctive (4) and descriptive norms about cyberbullying (5), and reduce cyberbullying intentions (6) and cyberbullying behavior (7). One hundred sixty-seven college students were randomly assigned to an online video cyberbullying prevention program or an assessment-only control group. Immediately following the program, attitudes and injunctive norms for all four types of cyberbullying behavior (i.e., unwanted contact, malice, deception, and public humiliation), descriptive norms for malice and public humiliation, empathy toward victims of malice and deception, and cyberbullying knowledge significantly improved in the experimental group. At one-month follow-up, malice and public humiliation behavior, favorable attitudes toward unwanted contact, deception, and public humiliation, and injunctive norms for public humiliation were significantly lower in the experimental than the control group. Cyberbullying knowledge was significantly higher in the experimental than the control group. These findings demonstrate a brief cyberbullying video is capable of improving, at one-month follow-up, cyberbullying knowledge, cyberbullying perpetration behavior, and TRA constructs known to predict cyberbullying perpetration. Considering the low cost and ease with which a video-based prevention/intervention program can be delivered, this type of approach should be considered to reduce cyberbullying.

College Student Dating Partner Drinking Profiles: Differences in Relationship Functioning and Relationship-Specific Alcohol Expectancies.

BACKGROUND: Although the majority of research on partner drinking styles has examined married couples, dating partners may influence one another's problem behaviors including alcohol use. OBJECTIVES: This study identified patterns of at-risk alcohol use in college women and their dating partners using a person-centered statistical approach (i.e., latent profile analysis). METHODS: Participants were 286 college student women in dating relationships. They completed questionnaires regarding their own and their partners' drinking, alcohol use severity, intimate partner violence (IPV), relationship satisfaction, and relationship-specific alcohol expectancies. Data were collected in 2012 through 2013. RESULTS: Results revealed three distinct, latent classes based on both partners' alcohol outcomes. The "Low-Risk" group (58%) consisted of non-heavy drinking partners. In the "High-Risk - Higher Men" class (27%), men drank more than women; however, both men and women were high-risk drinkers. The "High-Risk - Higher Women" group (15%) consisted of high-risk drinking partners but women consumed more alcohol than men. Both high-risk couple groups were more dissatisfied in their relationships and experienced more IPV, but held stronger beliefs about how alcohol influenced their relationship. CONCLUSIONS/IMPORTANCE: Findings indicate that there are several distinct classes of dating couples that differ in relationship problems and beliefs about alcohol's impact on their relationship. Riskier couples differ in behaviors and alcohol-related beliefs from low-risk couples. These findings may inform the development of more efficacious alcohol interventions tailored toward high-risk drinking dating couples.

Acceptability of aggression among children who reside with substance-abusing parents: The influence of behavioral dysregulation, exposure to neighborhood violence, and interparental violence.

The present study examined how interparental violence, neighborhood violence, behavioral regulation during parental conflict, and age predicted beliefs about the acceptability of aggression and the acceptance of retaliation against an aggressive peer among youths. Participants were 110 families (mothers, fathers, and children) in which one or both parents met criteria for substance use disorder. Results of a bootstrapped path model revealed higher exposure to neighborhood violence predicted greater acceptability of general aggression, whereas higher father-to-mother violence perpetration predicted lower acceptability of general aggression. Higher exposure to neighborhood violence, behavioral dysregulation during parental conflict, and older child age predicted greater approval of retaliation toward an aggressive peer. Findings are interpreted as related to the cognitive-contextual framework.