Impulsivity, sex-related alcohol expectancies, alcohol use, and sexual risk-taking among bisexual women.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: According to the acquired preparedness model, personality traits, such as impulsivity, may influence the learning process, contributing to heightened expectations surrounding risky behaviors (i.e., alcohol use, sexual risk-taking). As bisexual women demonstrate heightened risk for hazardous alcohol- and sex-related behaviors, the present study examined a sequential pathway, whereby the relation between impulsivity and sexual risk-taking is mediated through sex-related alcohol expectancies and alcohol use. METHODS: Data were collected from 225 self-identified cisgender, bisexual women between the ages of 18 and 30 years (M = 22.77, SD = 3.45), who participated in an online survey. Participants reported on impulsivity, sex-related alcohol expectancies, alcohol use, and experiences of sexual risk-taking. RESULTS: Results revealed that sex-related alcohol expectancies and alcohol use sequentially mediated the relation between impulsivity and sexual risk-taking. Thus, greater impulsivity was related to greater sexual risk-taking through heightened sex-related alcohol expectancies and elevated alcohol use. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Findings from this study highlight mechanisms associated with risky drinking and sexual behaviors among this at-risk population. Such information could aid the development of more efficacious prevention and intervention programs aimed at reducing consequences associated with alcohol use and sexual risk-taking among bisexual women. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE: Bisexual women are at heightened risk for alcohol-related problems, including sexual risk-taking. Findings from the current study identify impulsivity and sex-related alcohol expectancies as independent and integrative predictors of such risky behaviors. Incorporation of these constructs may aid in the development of more efficacious clinical methods aimed at bettering health outcomes among bisexual women.

Hookups Among U.S. College Students: Examining the Association Between Hookup Motives and Personal Affect.

"Hooking up" is prevalent on college campuses and is related to both positive and negative outcomes for students. The current study was an exploratory examination of hookup motives, and positive and negative affect, related to the most recent hookup experience. Participants were 256 U.S. college students who reported hooking up in the last 12 months. Students completed a 30-min anonymous online survey assessing behaviors and cognitions during their most recent hookup, including alcohol use at the time of the hookup, motives for hooking up, and post-hookup affect. The model demonstrated that gender, conformity motives, and social-relationship motives significantly and positively predicted negative affect, whereas enhancement motives negatively predicted negative affect. Coping and enhancement motives significantly and positively predicted positive affect, whereas alcohol use negatively predicted positive affect. This study was a unique examination of hookup motives, with important findings that explained large portions of variance in post-hookup affect. The overall model explained approximately 23% of the variance in negative affect and 49% of the variance in positive affect. Findings highlight that, depending on the hookup motive, hooking up can be associated with positive outcomes, such as positive affect.

Genetic deletion of gpr27 alters acylcarnitine metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and glucose homeostasis in zebrafish.

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) comprise the largest group of membrane receptors in eukaryotic genomes and collectively they regulate nearly all cellular processes. Despite the widely recognized importance of this class of proteins, many GPCRs remain understudied. G protein-coupled receptor 27 (Gpr27) is an orphan GPCR that displays high conservation during vertebrate evolution. Although, GPR27 is known to be expressed in tissues that regulate metabolism including the pancreas, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue, its functions are poorly characterized. Therefore, to investigate the potential roles of Gpr27 in energy metabolism, we generated a whole body gpr27 knockout zebrafish line. Loss of gpr27 potentiated the elevation in glucose levels induced by pharmacological or nutritional perturbations. We next leveraged a mass spectrometry metabolite profiling platform to identify other potential metabolic functions of Gpr27. Notably, genetic deletion of gpr27 elevated medium-chain acylcarnitines, in particular C6-hexanoylcarnitine, C8-octanoylcarnitine, C9-nonanoylcarnitine, and C10-decanoylcarnitine, lipid species known to be associated with insulin resistance in humans. Concordantly, gpr27 deletion in zebrafish abrogated insulin-dependent Akt phosphorylation and glucose utilization. Finally, loss of gpr27 increased the expression of key enzymes in carnitine shuttle complex, in particular the homolog to the brain-specific isoform of CPT1C which functions as a hypothalamic energy senor. In summary, our findings shed light on the biochemical functions of Gpr27 by illuminating its role in lipid metabolism, insulin signaling, and glucose homeostasis.

The role of United States identity in adjustment among Veterans.

Given over 2.77 million US service members have been deployed in the past 20 years and the intense process of reintegration to civilian life, understanding factors that contribute to Veterans' mental health and substance use is critical. This study sought to understand the effects of US identity exploration, US identity commitment, US identity affirmation, and US identity centrality on substance use and symptoms of depression and anxiety. The sample consisted of 195 US military Veterans (n = 184, 53.3% women; 73.3% White; Mage = 35.12 years, SD = 9.60 years). Bivariate correlations indicated US identity affirmation was negatively associated with substance use and symptoms of depression and anxiety whereas US identity centrality was positively correlated with alcohol use. Utilizing structural equation model, US identity affirmation and US identity centrality were, respectively, negatively and positively associated with alcohol use, substance use, and symptoms of depression and anxiety. Partially consistent with our hypothesis, US identity exploration was positively associated with symptoms of anxiety. In contrast to our hypothesis, US identity commitment was not significantly associated with any outcome. Results are discussed in terms of important directions for identity research in the transition to civilian life.

Moral Injury, Substance Use, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Among Military Personnel: An Examination of Trait Mindfulness as a Moderator.

Mindfulness-based approaches have been suggested as possible methods to treat moral injury in military personnel. However, empirical research has yet to evaluate if mindfulness acts as a protective factor for the possible negative effects of moral injury, such as alcohol use, drug use, or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. In this study, we investigated if five facets of mindfulness (i.e., observing, nonjudging, nonreactivity, awareness, and describing) moderated associations between moral injury and the outcomes of PTSD symptoms, alcohol misuse, and drug abuse symptoms in a sample of military personnel. Participants were 244 military personnel (the majority were former military members) who had been deployed at least once during the Iraq War, War in Afghanistan, other wars, or humanitarian missions. The study results indicated that nonjudging, ß = -.22, and awareness, ß = -.25, had significant attenuating effects on the association between moral injury and drug abuse symptoms. However, observing, ß = .17; nonreactivity, ß = .23; and describing, ß = .15, had significant synergistic effects (i.e., they strengthened the association between moral injury and drug abuse symptoms). There were no significant moderation effects on the associations between moral injury and PTSD symptoms or between moral injury and alcohol misuse. Our results provide initial evidence that not all facets of mindfulness may protect against the challenges of coping with moral injury. Directions for future research and implications for practice are discussed.

Spanish Abstracts by Asociación Chilena de Estrés Traumático (ACET) Daño moral, uso de sustancias y síntomas de TEPT entre el personal militar: un examen de la atención consciente de los rasgos como moderador MINDFULNESS Y DAÑO MORAL EN VETERANOS Se han sugerido enfoques basados ​​en la atención plena (o mindfulness en inglés) como posibles métodos para tratar el daño moral en el personal militar. Sin embargo, la investigación empírica aún debe evaluar si la atención plena actúa como un factor protector para los posibles efectos negativos del daño moral, como el consumo de alcohol, el uso de drogas o los síntomas del trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT). En este estudio, investigamos si cinco facetas de la atención plena (es decir, observar, no juzgar, no reaccionar, conciencia y describir) moderaron las asociaciones entre daño moral y los resultados de los síntomas del TEPT, el uso indebido del alcohol y los síntomas del abuso de drogas en una muestra de personal militar. Los participantes eran 244 militares (la mayoría de ellos ex militares) que habían sido desplegados al menos una vez durante la Guerra de Irak, la Guerra en Afganistán, otras guerras o misiones humanitarias. Los resultados del estudio indicaron que el no juzgar, ß = −.22, y la conciencia ß = −.25, tuvieron efectos atenuantes significativos en la asociación entre daño moral y síntomas de abuso de drogas. Sin embargo, observar, ß = .17; no reactividad, ß = .23; y describir, ß = .15, tuvo efectos sinérgicos significativos (es decir, fortalecieron la asociación entre daño moral y los síntomas de abuso de drogas). No hubo efectos significativos de moderación en las asociaciones entre el daño moral y los síntomas del TEPT o entre el daño moral y el abuso del alcohol. Nuestros resultados proporcionan evidencia inicial de que no todas las facetas de la atención plena pueden proteger contra los desafíos de enfrentar el daño moral. Se discuten lineamientos para futuras investigaciones y las implicaciones para la práctica.

Associations Among Exposure to Potentially Morally Injurious Experiences, Spiritual Injury, and Alcohol Use Among Combat Veterans.

Potentially morally injurious experiences (PMIEs) are events that may violate deeply held values or belief systems. Combat engagement places service members at a heightened risk for PMIE exposure. Exposure to PMIEs may elicit internal conflict between moral beliefs and experiences and, if unresolved, conflict may manifest as feelings of guilt, shame, and spiritual or existential crisis. Further, distress caused by these experiences may promote harmful behaviors (e.g., excessive alcohol use), which may serve as attempts to cope with PMIEs veterans have witnessed or participated in. The present study examined a sequential mediation model in which combat exposure was associated with alcohol use (i.e., alcohol consumption, dependence symptoms, and alcohol-related problems) via PMIE exposure and spiritual injury (e.g., alienation from and/or anger towards respective higher power) in a community sample of 380 recent-era combat veterans. Multiple-group sequential mediation was then used to examine whether the model fit similarly across men and women. Exposure to PMIEs and spiritual injury sequentially mediated the association between combat and alcohol; higher levels of PMIE exposure and spiritual injury were associated with increased alcohol use, R2 = .17, f2 = 0.07. The multiple-group model showed that these associations significantly varied between genders such that the mediation was only significant among men. The results indicated that PMIEs and spiritual injury were associated with increased alcohol use, but these associations differed as a function of gender. Future research is needed to refine our understanding of moral and spiritual injury and explore possible risk and protective factors.

Spanish Abstracts by Asociación Chilena de Estrés Traumático (ACET) Las Asociaciones entre la Exposición a Experiencias Potencialmente Dañinas Moralmente, Daño Espiritual, y el Uso de Alcohol Entre Combatientes Veteranos EXPOSICION, DAÑO ESPIRITUAL, Y USO DE ALCOHOL Las experiencias potencialmente dañinas moralmente (PMIEs en su sigla en inglés) son eventos que pueden transgredir los valores profundamente arraigados o los sistemas de creencias. La participación en combates posiciona a los miembros en servicio en un más alto riesgo de exposición a las PMIEs. La exposición a las PMIEs puede provocar conflictos internos entre las creencias morales y las experiencias y, si no son resueltos, el conflicto puede manifestarse como sentimientos de culpa, vergüenza, y crisis espirituales o existenciales. Además, el malestar causado por estas experiencias puede promover conductas dañinas (por ej., uso excesivo de alcohol), las cuales pueden servir como intentos para lidiar con las PMIEs que los veteranos han observado o en las que ellos han participado. En el presente estudio, en una muestra comunitaria de 380 combatientes veteranos de la era reciente, se examinó un modelo de mediación secuencial en el cual la exposición al combate fue asociada con el uso de alcohol (por ej., consumo de alcohol, síntomas de dependencia, y problemas asociados al alcohol) por medio de la exposición a las PMIEs y el daño espiritual (por ej., alienación y enojo contra una deidad). Una mediación secuencial de grupos múltiples fue luego usada para examinar si el modelo se ajustaba similarmente entre hombres y mujeres. La exposición a las PMIEs y el daño espiritual mediaron secuencialmente la asociación entre el combate y el alcohol; niveles más altos de exposición a las PMIEs y el daño espiritual se asociaron con mayor uso de alcohol, R2 = .17, f2 = 0.07. El modelo de grupos múltiples mostró que estas asociaciones variaron significativamente entre los géneros, de manera tal que la mediación fue solamente significativa entre los hombres. Los resultados indican que las PMIEs y el daño espiritual se encuentran asociados con un mayor uso de alcohol, pero estas asociaciones son diferentes dependiendo del género. Las futuras investigaciones son necesarias para mejorar nuestro entendimiento del daño moral y espiritual y explorar posibles factores de riesgo y protectores.

Work stressors, depressive symptoms and sleep quality among US Navy members: a parallel process latent growth modelling approach across deployment.

The present study examined whether work stressors contribute to sleep problems and depressive symptoms over the course of deployment (i.e. pre-deployment, post-deployment and 6-month reintegration) among US Navy members. Specifically, we examined whether depressive symptoms or sleep quality mediate the relationships between work stressors and these outcomes. Participants were 101 US Navy members who experienced an 8-month deployment after Operational Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom. Using piecewise latent growth models, we found that increased work stressors were linked to increased depressive symptoms and decreased sleep quality across all three deployment stages. Further, increases in work stressors from pre- to post-deployment contributed to poorer sleep quality post-deployment via increasing depressive symptoms. Moreover, sleep quality mediated the association between increases in work stressors and increases in depressive symptoms from pre- to post-deployment. These effects were maintained from post-deployment through the 6-month reintegration. Although preliminary, our results suggest that changes in work stressors may have small, but significant implications for both depressive symptoms and quality of sleep over time, and a bi-directional relationship persists between sleep quality and depression across deployment. Strategies that target both stress and sleep could address both precipitating and perpetuating factors that affect sleep and depressive symptoms.

Sexual Coercion, Drinking to Cope Motives, and Alcohol-Related Consequences among Self-Identified Bisexual Women.

BACKGROUND: Given higher sexual victimization and greater alcohol use among bisexual women, a critical public health challenge is to understand within-group variation that may heighten or explain these associations in bisexual women. OBJECTIVES: The present study tested a moderated-mediation model in which sexual coercion was hypothesized to be associated with alcohol-related consequences via drinking to cope motives in self-identified bisexual women who reported at least occasional binge drinking. Negative affect was hypothesized to moderate the sexual coercion-drinking to cope motives association. METHODS: Participants were a community sample of 107 self-identified bisexual women (age M = 20.97, SD = 2.11) who completed an online survey and reported at least one binge drinking episode as well as engaging in sexual activity in the past 30 days. RESULTS: Of these participants, 57 (53.3%) reported one or more experiences of sexual coercion in the past 30 days. Sexual coercion was associated with negative alcohol-related consequences via drinking to cope motives. Negative affect moderated the association between sexual coercion and drinking to cope motives such that the association was stronger among women with greater negative affect. Conclusions/Importance: Methods of addressing vulnerability to sexual coercion and educating young bisexual women about the association between sexual coercion and potentially problematic affective coping through alcohol use are needed.

Mental Health Symptoms and Parenting Among Father-Only and Dual Substance Use Disorder Couples.

In the present study, we examined associations between fathers' and mothers' mental health symptoms as related to their own and their partner's parenting in couples in which fathers (n = 38 families) or both partners (n = 30 families) had substance use disorder (SUD). Each partner reported on symptoms of depression, anxiety, and hostility; children reported on each parent's parenting behaviors, including acceptance, psychological control, and knowledge of children. Actor-partner interdependence models indicated that when substance-abusing fathers have more symptoms of anxiety and depression, non-substance-abusing mothers report greater knowledge of children, whereas non-substance-abusing mothers' mental health symptoms were related to less paternal knowledge of children. In dual SUD couples, mothers' depressive symptoms were associated with more paternal knowledge of children. These preliminary findings offer select support for family systems theory.

Testing a Model of Binegativity, Drinking-to-Cope Motives, Alcohol Use, and Sexual Coercion Among Self-Identified Bisexual Women.

In the present study, we tested a sequential mediation model whereby binegativity was associated with sexual coercion through drinking to cope motives and alcohol use. Data were examined from 224 self-identified bisexual women (M age = 22.79; SD = 3.44) who took part in an online survey. Participants reported binegativity, alcohol use, drinking to cope motivations, and sexual coercion experiences for the previous 30 days. A total of 48.0% of the sample (n = 108) experienced sexual coercion in the past 30 days. Sequential mediation indicated more experiences of binegativity were associated with greater drinking to cope motives, which in turn, related to greater alcohol frequency and greater likelihood of sexual coercion. Alcohol quantity was not a significant mediator. Results suggest the importance of studying the impact of binegativity on bisexual women, as well as developing prevention programs that consider how this form of discrimination may contribute to drinking to cope motives, more frequent alcohol use, and increased risk for sexual coercion.

Social Support and Relationship Satisfaction as Moderators of the Stress-Mood-Alcohol Link Association in US Navy Members.

The present study examined associations between stress and problematic alcohol use among US Navy members anticipating deployment, whether depressive symptoms mediated the stress-alcohol link, and whether social support and relationship satisfaction moderated associations between stress, depressive symptoms, and problematic alcohol use. Participants were 108 US Navy members assigned to an Arleigh Burke-class destroyer anticipating an 8-month deployment after Operational Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom. Stress was indirectly related to problematic alcohol use such that higher levels of stress were associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms, which were further associated with higher levels of alcohol use. The indirect effect of stress to problematic alcohol use via depressive symptoms was tested at different levels of social support and relationship satisfaction. At higher levels of social support and relationship satisfaction, the association between stress and problematic alcohol use via depressive symptoms decreased. Results help identify targets for alcohol prevention efforts among current military members.

Reducing cyberbullying: A theory of reasoned action-based video prevention program for college students.

Few studies have evaluated the effectiveness of cyberbullying prevention/intervention programs. The goals of the present study were to develop a Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA)-based video program to increase cyberbullying knowledge (1) and empathy toward cyberbullying victims (2), reduce favorable attitudes toward cyberbullying (3), decrease positive injunctive (4) and descriptive norms about cyberbullying (5), and reduce cyberbullying intentions (6) and cyberbullying behavior (7). One hundred sixty-seven college students were randomly assigned to an online video cyberbullying prevention program or an assessment-only control group. Immediately following the program, attitudes and injunctive norms for all four types of cyberbullying behavior (i.e., unwanted contact, malice, deception, and public humiliation), descriptive norms for malice and public humiliation, empathy toward victims of malice and deception, and cyberbullying knowledge significantly improved in the experimental group. At one-month follow-up, malice and public humiliation behavior, favorable attitudes toward unwanted contact, deception, and public humiliation, and injunctive norms for public humiliation were significantly lower in the experimental than the control group. Cyberbullying knowledge was significantly higher in the experimental than the control group. These findings demonstrate a brief cyberbullying video is capable of improving, at one-month follow-up, cyberbullying knowledge, cyberbullying perpetration behavior, and TRA constructs known to predict cyberbullying perpetration. Considering the low cost and ease with which a video-based prevention/intervention program can be delivered, this type of approach should be considered to reduce cyberbullying.

College Student Dating Partner Drinking Profiles: Differences in Relationship Functioning and Relationship-Specific Alcohol Expectancies.

BACKGROUND: Although the majority of research on partner drinking styles has examined married couples, dating partners may influence one another's problem behaviors including alcohol use. OBJECTIVES: This study identified patterns of at-risk alcohol use in college women and their dating partners using a person-centered statistical approach (i.e., latent profile analysis). METHODS: Participants were 286 college student women in dating relationships. They completed questionnaires regarding their own and their partners' drinking, alcohol use severity, intimate partner violence (IPV), relationship satisfaction, and relationship-specific alcohol expectancies. Data were collected in 2012 through 2013. RESULTS: Results revealed three distinct, latent classes based on both partners' alcohol outcomes. The "Low-Risk" group (58%) consisted of non-heavy drinking partners. In the "High-Risk - Higher Men" class (27%), men drank more than women; however, both men and women were high-risk drinkers. The "High-Risk - Higher Women" group (15%) consisted of high-risk drinking partners but women consumed more alcohol than men. Both high-risk couple groups were more dissatisfied in their relationships and experienced more IPV, but held stronger beliefs about how alcohol influenced their relationship. CONCLUSIONS/IMPORTANCE: Findings indicate that there are several distinct classes of dating couples that differ in relationship problems and beliefs about alcohol's impact on their relationship. Riskier couples differ in behaviors and alcohol-related beliefs from low-risk couples. These findings may inform the development of more efficacious alcohol interventions tailored toward high-risk drinking dating couples.

Acceptability of aggression among children who reside with substance-abusing parents: The influence of behavioral dysregulation, exposure to neighborhood violence, and interparental violence.

The present study examined how interparental violence, neighborhood violence, behavioral regulation during parental conflict, and age predicted beliefs about the acceptability of aggression and the acceptance of retaliation against an aggressive peer among youths. Participants were 110 families (mothers, fathers, and children) in which one or both parents met criteria for substance use disorder. Results of a bootstrapped path model revealed higher exposure to neighborhood violence predicted greater acceptability of general aggression, whereas higher father-to-mother violence perpetration predicted lower acceptability of general aggression. Higher exposure to neighborhood violence, behavioral dysregulation during parental conflict, and older child age predicted greater approval of retaliation toward an aggressive peer. Findings are interpreted as related to the cognitive-contextual framework.

Predictors of perpetration of men's same-sex partner violence.

This study examined alcohol consumption, internalized homophobia, and outness as related to men's (N = 107) reports of the perpetration of violence against a same-sex partner. Higher typical weekly alcohol consumption, higher levels of internalized homophobia, and less outness (e.g., lower levels of disclosure of one's sexual orientation) predicted the perpetration of partner violence. In contrast to what we expected, the interaction between higher alcohol consumption and higher levels of outness about one's sexual orientation (i.e., being open to friends, family members, work colleagues) increased the likelihood of participants' reports of perpetrating physical violence. These results suggest the importance of both alcohol consumption and sexual minority stressors and their interactions in understanding men's perpetration of same-sex partner violence.

Distal and Proximal Minority Stressors on Patterns of Tobacco and Cannabis Use Among Young Bisexual Women.

BACKGROUND: Bisexual women have high rates of tobacco and cannabis use, but few studies have examined co-use behavior in this population. Although the role of distal minority stressors (eg, discrimination) on substance use has been examined, fewer studies have examined proximal minority stressors (eg, negative sexual identity self-schemas). The current study was a secondary data analysis that examined patterns of tobacco and cannabis use, and the role of distal (instability of bisexuality, sexual irresponsibility of bisexual people, and hostility toward bisexual people) and proximal (illegitimacy of bisexuality, anticipated binegativity, internalized binegativity, and identity affirmation) bisexual-specific minority stressors among bisexual women. METHODS: Participants were 224 young (aged 18-30 years old) self-identified bisexual women who reported on their past 30-day tobacco and cannabis use and completed measures of distal and proximal bisexual-specific minority stressors. Participants were categorized into one of 4 patterns: no use, tobacco use only, cannabis use only, and tobacco and cannabis co-use. RESULTS: The most common pattern of past 30-day use was tobacco and cannabis co-use (39.1%). Results from a multinomial logistic regression revealed that bisexual women who reported higher illegitimacy of bisexuality, a proximal minority stressor, were significantly more likely to engage in tobacco and cannabis co-use, relative to no use. DISCUSSION: Bisexual women have particularly high rates of substance use, with tobacco and cannabis co-use as the most common pattern. Incorporating the role of proximal minority stressors, and specifically, beliefs about the legitimacy of bisexuality, may be an important target of substance use interventions for bisexual women.

Sleep disturbances and psychological well-being among military medical doctors of the Swiss Armed Forces: study protocol, rationale and development of a cross-sectional and longitudinal interventional study.

Background: Compared to civilians and non-medical personnel, military medical doctors are at increased risk for sleep disturbances and impaired psychological well-being. Despite their responsibility and workload, no research has examined sleep disturbances and psychological well-being among the medical doctors (MDs) of the Swiss Armed Forces (SAF). Thus, the aims of the proposed study are (1) to conduct a cross-sectional study (labeled 'Survey-Study 1') of sleep disturbances and psychological well-being among MDs of the SAF; (2) to identify MDs who report sleep disturbances (insomnia severity index >8), along with low psychological well-being such as symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress, but also emotion regulation, concentration, social life, strengths and difficulties, and mental toughness both in the private/professional and military context and (3) to offer those MDs with sleep disturbances an evidence-based and standardized online interventional group program of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (eCBTi) over a time lapse of 6 weeks (labeled 'Intervention-Study 2'). Method: All MDs serving in the SAF (N = 480) will be contacted via the SAF-secured communication system to participate in a cross-sectional survey of sleep disturbances and psychological well-being ('Survey-Study 1'). Those who consent will be provided a link to a secure online survey that assesses sleep disturbances and psychological well-being (depression, anxiety, stress, coping), including current working conditions, job-related quality of life, mental toughness, social context, family/couple functioning, substance use, and physical activity patterns. Baseline data will be screened to identify those MDs who report sleep disturbances (insomnia severity index >8); they will be re-contacted, consented, and randomly assigned either to the eCBTi or the active control condition (ACC) ('Intervention-Study 2'). Individuals in the intervention condition will participate in an online standardized and evidence-based group intervention program of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (eCBTi; once the week for six consecutive weeks; 60-70 min duration/session). Participants in the ACC will participate in an online group counseling (once the week for six consecutive weeks; 60-70 min duration/session), though, the ACC is not intended as a bona fide psychotherapeutic intervention. At the beginning of the intervention (baseline), at week 3, and at week 6 (post-intervention) participants complete a series of self-rating questionnaires as for the Survey-Study 1, though with additional questionnaires covering sleep-related cognitions, experiential avoidance, and dimensions of self-awareness. Expected outcomes: Survey-Study 1: We expect to describe the prevalence rates of, and the associations between sleep disturbances (insomnia (sleep quality); sleep onset latency (SOL); awakenings after sleep onset (WASO)) and psychological well-being among MDs of the SAF; we further expect to identify specific dimensions of psychological well-being, which might be rather associated or non-associated with sleep disturbances.Intervention-Study 2: We expect several significant condition-by-time-interactions. Such that participants in the eCBTi will report significantly greater improvement in sleep disturbances, symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress reduction both at work and at home (family related stress), and an improvement in the overall quality of life as compared to the ACC over the period of the study. Conclusion: The study offers the opportunity to understand the prevalence of sleep disturbances, including factors of psychological well-being among MDs of the SAF. Further, based on the results of the Intervention-Study 2, and if supported, eCBTi may be a promising method to address sleep disturbances and psychological well-being among the specific context of MDs in the SAF.

Dimensions of binegativity differentially predict drinking to cope motivations and alcohol use severity among bisexual women.

Research indicates that bisexual women experience greater stigmatization and discrimination compared to lesbian women. Such oppression is described as binegativity and is associated with alcohol use among bisexual women. Specifically, previous research has suggested that bisexual women may drink to cope in an effort to self-medicate from experiences of binegativity. Although substantial research has been conducted with regard to drinking behaviors among at-risk groups, research has yet to identify which specific types of binegativity may be most predictive of drinking outcomes among bisexual women. Consequently, the present study sought to examine the predictive utility of three dimensions of binegativity: (a) sexual orientation instability (e.g., the perception of bisexuality as an illegitimate sexual orientation), (b) sexual irresponsibility (e.g., the stereotype that bisexual persons are oversexualized or sexually promiscuous), and (c) interpersonal hostility (e.g., the alienation and uncomfortability with bisexual identification), on drinking to cope motivations and alcohol use severity. Participants were 225 self-identified bisexual women between the ages of 18 and 30 years (Mean = 22.77, SD = 3.45) who participated in a larger study about health behaviors among bisexual women. Multiple regressions revealed that, compared to other binegativity dimensions, sexual irresponsibility was the strongest predictor of typical alcohol use, drinking to cope motivations, and alcohol use severity. Thus, bisexual women who are stereotyped to be sexually promiscuous are at particular risk for problematic alcohol use. Prevention and intervention efforts should target stress associated with experiences of oversexualized stigmatizations, in an effort to reduce alcohol-related risk among bisexual women. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Maternal and paternal alcohol misuse and alcohol-related outcomes among college students.

Using a large college student sample (N = 1,095), the present study examined whether the relationship between parental alcohol abuse and offspring alcohol use varied as a function of parent and offspring gender, and whether the relationship to the non-substance-abusing mother or father buffered against the risk associated with being an adult child of an alcoholic (ACOA). Among women, maternal ACOAs (i.e., the mother only was suspected of alcohol misuse) had the greatest risk of problematic alcohol consumption, whereas among men, both parent ACOAs (i.e., both parents were suspected of alcohol misuse) had the greatest risk of problematic alcohol consumption. No support was found for the buffering hypothesis. We discuss implications of our findings and future directions.

The role of alcohol demand on daily microaggressions and alcohol use among emerging adult bisexual+ women.

Objective: Bisexual women drink more and have more alcohol consequences than heterosexual and lesbian women. This higher risk may in part be attributable to sexual orientation microaggressions. Drinking to cope motivations and alcohol demand may influence the association between microaggressions and alcohol use. The present study used a daily diary design to examine the association between microaggressions and same-day alcohol use (yes/no, quantity) and consequences, and if drinking to cope and alcohol demand moderate this association among bisexual+ (i.e., bi+) women. Method: Participants were 103 emerging adult bi+ women who completed a baseline assessment, including an alcohol purchase task to measure alcohol demand. Subsequently, participants reported their experiences of microaggressions, alcohol use, and alcohol consequences for 28 days. Multilevel model analyses were conducted. Results: Microaggressions were associated with a higher likelihood to drink and greater same-day alcohol use and consequences. The association between microaggressions and alcohol quantity was stronger for those who had a lower price associated with the highest expenditure (lower P max). For those who would stop drinking at lower price values (lower breakpoint), reported spending less overall on alcohol (lower O max), and had lower P max values, microaggressions were associated with more consequences. For those with higher breakpoint, O max, and P max microaggressions were not associated with consequences. Conclusions: Microaggressions may have a deleterious impact on alcohol use and consequences for bi+ women, particularly for those with lower alcohol demand. Clinicians should encourage bi+ clients to consider how microaggressions influence their drinking and support clients to engage in positive coping skills. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).