RESUMO
BACKGROUND: CRS/HIPEC patients face unique quality of life (QoL) challenges due to advanced disease (peritoneal carcinomatosis), the extent of procedure, and risk for long-term complications. Standard QoL questionnaires are generic, focusing on tumor type and standard treatments, and likely do not capture this select population's full experience, suggesting the need for tailored instruments. We aimed to characterize the QoL challenges faced by CRS/HIPEC cancer survivors and determine whether these were captured by a standard QoL questionnaire. PATIENTS AND METHODS: An anonymous, semi-structured individual interview was conducted with CRS/HIPEC patients addressing their experience at diagnosis, challenges related to CRS/HIPEC, and access to CRS/HIPEC information. Verbatim transcripts were interpreted using thematic analysis. Code and theme identification was inductive. Questions addressing common themes that were not encompassed by a standard QoL questionnaire were developed. RESULTS: We interviewed eight patients. Median age was 55 (range 30-71) years and 75% (n = 6) were women. Primary tumor sites included appendix (n = 4), ovarian (n = 3), and peritoneal mesothelioma (n = 1). Median time from CRS/HIPEC was 40.1 (range 3.1-216.3) months. Overall, 133 codes were identified and categorized into 9 themes. The most recurring were physical symptoms after CRS/HIPEC (specifically gastrointestinal symptoms), adjusting to survivorship, mental health, expectations from CRS/HIPEC, and access to care. A total of 22 questions that did not overlap with a standardized QoL questionnaire were developed. CONCLUSIONS: There is an unmet need to understand the unique QoL challenges CRS/HIPEC patients encounter. Patient-centered QoL questionnaires based on CRS/HIPEC patient experiences can capture these unique challenges and help guide future studies and care.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The presence of lymph node (LN) metastasis is a known negative prognostic factor in appendix cancer (AC) patients. However, currently the minimum number of LNs required to adequately determine LN negativity is extrapolated from colorectal studies and data specific to AC is lacking. We aimed to define the lowest number of LNs required to adequately stage AC and assess its impact on oncologic outcomes. METHODS: Patients with stage II-III AC from the National Cancer Database (NCDB 2004-2019) undergoing surgical resection with complete information about LN examination were included. Multivariable logistic regression assessed the odds of LN positive (LNP) disease for different numbers of LNs examined. Multivariable Cox regressions were performed by LN status subgroups, adjusted by prognostic factors, including grade, histologic subtype, surgical approach, and documented adjuvant systemic chemotherapy. RESULTS: Overall, 3,602 patients were included, from which 1,026 (28.5%) were LNP. Harvesting ten LNs was the minimum number required without decreased odds of LNP compared with the reference category (≥ 20 LNs). Total LNs examined were < 10 in 466 (12.9%) patients. Median follow-up from diagnosis was 75.4 months. Failing to evaluate at least ten LNs was an independent negative prognostic factor for overall survival (adjusted hazard ratio 1.39, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: In appendix adenocarcinoma, examining a minimum of ten LNs was necessary to minimize the risk of missing LNP disease and was associated with improved overall survival rates. To mitigate the risk of misclassification, an adequate number of regional LNs must be assessed to determine LN status.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma , Neoplasias do Apêndice , Apêndice , Humanos , Excisão de Linfonodo , Apêndice/patologia , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Linfonodos/patologia , Adenocarcinoma/cirurgia , Prognóstico , Neoplasias do Apêndice/patologia , Metástase Linfática/patologia , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Surgeons may hesitate to perform nephrectomy (NE) during cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS/HIPEC) due to a potential increase in morbidity. However, no data are available regarding the impact of NE on outcomes, so the authors decided to assess its safety during CRS/HIPEC. METHODS: A single-center propensity score-matched study was conducted using a prospective database (1994-2021). The study included patients who underwent NE during CRS/HIPEC with completeness of cytoreduction (CC) of 0, 1, or 2. Control subjects (no-NE) were selected in a 1:3 ratio using propensity score-matching weighted by age, histology, peritoneal cancer index (PCI), CC-0 or CC-1 rate, and length of surgery. RESULTS: Among 828 patients, 13 NE and 39 no-NE control subjects were identified. The indications for NE included tumor involvement of the ureter, hilum, and/or kidney with preserved (n = 8), decreased (n = 2), or absent (n = 3) function. NE patients received more intraoperative intravenous (IV) fluids (16,000 vs 11,500 mL; p = 0.045) and had a greater urine output (3200 vs 1913 mL; p = 0.008). NE patients received mitomycin C (40 mg for 90 min) or melphalan (50 mg/m2 for 90 min) without reduction of dose or time. Major morbidity (p = 0.435) and mortality (p = 1.000) were comparable between the two groups. No postoperative acute kidney injury was seen in either group. Adjuvant chemotherapy was administered to 46.2% of the NE and 35.9% of the no-NE patients (p = 0.553), with similar starting times (p = 0.903) between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Nephrectomy performed during CRS/HIPEC does not seem to increase postoperative morbidity or to delay adjuvant chemotherapy, and NE can be performed if required for complete cytoreduction. The NE patients in our cohort did not have a reduction of mitomycin C or melphalan dose or perfusion time.
Assuntos
Hipertermia Induzida , Neoplasias Peritoneais , Humanos , Quimioterapia Intraperitoneal Hipertérmica , Mitomicina , Terapia Combinada , Melfalan , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias Peritoneais/terapia , Pontuação de Propensão , Estudos Retrospectivos , Nefrectomia/efeitos adversos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos de Citorredução/efeitos adversos , Taxa de SobrevidaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: It is thought that low-grade (LG) appendiceal cancer (AC) demonstrates predominantly intraperitoneal recurrence (IPR) after cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS/HIPEC), whereas high-grade (HG) tumors progress both intra- and extraperitoneally (EPR). However, evidence supporting this conception is lacking; therefore, we assessed recurrence in various AC histologies. METHODS: A retrospective, cohort study was conducted by using a single-center database (1998-2022). Recurrence patterns (IPR, EPR, combined) were identified for LG, HG, high-grade with signet ring cells (SRC), and goblet cell carcinoma (GCC). RESULTS: We included 432 complete (CC-0/1) CRS/HIPECs: 200 LG, 114 HG, 72 SRC, and 46 GCC. Median follow-up was 78 (95% confidence interval [CI] 70-86) months. Overall, 34% (n = 148) of patients recurred. IPR was the most common (LG 16%, HG 27%, SRC 36%, GCC 26%) with median time to recurrence (MTR) of 21 (IQR: 12-40) months. EPR (liver, lung, pleura, lymph nodes, or bones) occurred in LG 3%, HG 9%, SRC 22%, and GCC 7%. MTR was 11 (IQR: 4-16) months. Combined pattern occurred in LG 0%, HG 8%, SRC 7%, and GCC 0%. MTR was 13 (IQR: 7-18) months. Iterative surgery was performed in 53% IPR, 18% EPR, and 51% combined. Median post-recurrence survival was longer after IPR compared with EPR and combined recurrence: 36 (95% CI 25-47) versus 13 (95% CI 7-19) and 18 (95% CI 6-30) months (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: After complete CRS/HIPEC, IPR was the predominant pattern in all AC histologies and occurred later. Post-recurrence survival after IPR was longer. Knowing AC recurrence patterns can help to understand its biology and plan follow-up and post-relapse management.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The best management of patients who have unresectable mucinous appendiceal cancer (MAC) with peritoneal spread after a failed attempt at cytoreductive surgery (CRS) with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is unclear. This study aimed to assess outcomes after systemic chemotherapy (SCT) for patients with unresectable peritoneal metastases from high-grade MAC. METHODS: A single-center retrospective cohort study was conducted using a prospective CRS/HIPEC database. The study included high-grade MAC patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis who were deemed surgical candidates, but had an aborted CRS/HIPEC or only palliative HIPEC due to unresectable disease. Overall survival (OS) was compared. RESULTS: Of 72 identified patients, 20 received SCT and 52 did not (NoCT). The groups were balanced by age (p = 0.299), sex (p = 0.930), histopathologic subtype (p = 0.096), preoperative chemotherapy (p = 0.981), and postoperative major complication rates (p = 0.338). Both groups had extensive disease (median peritoneal cancer index at exploration, 39 vs 39). The median number of cycles was 12 (interquartile range [IQR], 6-15), and the median time between the procedure and SCT was 7 weeks (IQR, 5-10 weeks). The median follow-up period was 65 months. The median OS was significantly higher for the SCT group (26 months; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 10.8-41.5 months) than for the NoCT group (12 months; 95 % CI, 9.6-14.4 months) (p < 0.001), with hazard ratio (HR) of 0.22 (95 % CI, 0.08-0.66; p = 0.007) after adjustment for other factors. CONCLUSION: Systemic chemotherapy is associated with improved OS for high-grade MAC patients with unresectable peritoneal metastases who are deemed surgical candidates but underwent an unsuccessful CRS/HIPEC attempt. Further prospective studies with a larger sample are required to identify patient subgroups who benefit the most from SCT.
Assuntos
Neoplasias do Apêndice , Hipertermia Induzida , Neoplasias Peritoneais , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias do Apêndice/patologia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos de Citorredução , Humanos , Quimioterapia Intraperitoneal Hipertérmica , Neoplasias Peritoneais/secundário , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Recurrence after cytoreductive surgery (CRS) with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) for appendiceal tumors (AT) with mucinous carcinomatosis peritonei (MCP) is common. The evidence favoring iterative procedures (iCRS/HIPEC) is limited, and its benefit is not clear for all patients. METHODS: Retrospective (1998-2020) cohorts of AT patients with MCP recurrence after the first CRS/HIPEC were analyzed. Outcomes were compared within tumor grades between iCRS/HIPEC patients and matched control patients without iCRS/HIPEC using propensity score matching (1:1). Post-recurrence survival (PRS) was measured from the date of recurrence after the first CRS/HIPEC to death or last contact. RESULTS: Overall, 55 iCRS/HIPEC patients were identified: 36 low-grade (LGMCP) patients, 13 high-grade (HGMCP) patients, and 6 HGMCP patients with signet-ring features (HGMCP-S). Nine patients had a third CRS/HIPEC. The median peritoneal cancer index (PCI) scores were 33, 19 and 10, with CC-0/1 achieved for 94.4%, 78.2% and 88.9% of the patients after the first, second, and third CRS/HIPEC, respectively. No 90-day postoperative mortality occurred. The median progression-free survival from the first CRS/HIPEC was 19.7 months for the iCRS/HIPEC patients versus 14.2 months for the matched control patients (p = 0.43). The median PRS was 80.2 months for iCRS/HIPEC versus 36.2 for the control patients (p < 0.001). For the iCRS/HIPEC versus the matched control patients, the median PRS by tumor grade was 174.1 versus 51.9 (p < 0.001) for the LGMCP, 42.0 versus 12.4 (p = 0.02) for the HGMCP, and 15.4 versus 8.1 months (p = 0.61) for the HGMCP-S patients, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Selected low- and high-grade appendiceal cancer patients with MCP recurrence able to undergo iterative CRS/HIPEC procedures showed favorable outcomes and such patients should be considered for surgery when feasible. This survival benefit with iCRS/HIPEC is not evidenced in recurrent MCP with signet ring cell morphology.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma Mucinoso , Adenocarcinoma , Neoplasias do Apêndice , Apêndice , Hipertermia Induzida , Neoplasias Peritoneais , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Adenocarcinoma Mucinoso/patologia , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias do Apêndice/patologia , Apêndice/patologia , Terapia Combinada , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos de Citorredução , Humanos , Quimioterapia Intraperitoneal Hipertérmica , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/patologia , Neoplasias Peritoneais/patologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Taxa de SobrevidaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Peritoneal surface malignancies (PSM) can disseminate into the pleural cavity, increasing morbidity and mortality. While cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemoperfusion (CRS/HIPEC) improves outcomes for PSM with intra-abdominal spread, the optimal approach for patients with pleural dissemination from PSM remains unclear. It seems reasonable to apply peritoneal carcinomatosis management principles to patients with pleural lesions using CRS and hyperthermic intrathoracic chemotherapy (HITHOC). METHODS: We conducted a descriptive study to evaluate outcomes of PSM patients who underwent CRS/HITHOC for pleural dissemination using a high-volume PSM center's prospective database from October 1994-June 2020. CRS/HITHOC was performed via either diaphragmatic window during CRS/HIPEC (CRS/HIPEC+HITHOC) or thoracotomy as a separate procedure (CRS/HITHOC). RESULTS: Of 852 completed CRS/HIPECs, 18 HITHOCs in 15 patients were identified: 10 CRS/HIPEC+HITHOCs, and 8 CRS/HITHOCs. CRS/HIPEC+HITHOC primary tumors included: 4 appendix, 4 ovary, 1 colon, and 1 unknown. All (n = 8) CRS/HITHOC patients had recurrent appendiceal neoplasms. Complete cytoreduction was achieved in 90% of CRS/HIPEC+HITHOCs and 75% of CRS/HITHOCs. Major complications occurred in 20% of CRS/HIPEC+HITHOCs and 13% of CRS/HITHOCs with no 30-day mortality in either group. After median follow-up of 22 months, overall survival at 1, 3, and 5 years was 93.3%, 67.9%, and 67.9%, while 1-, 3-, and 5-year progression-free survival was 70.9%, 20.3%, and 20.3%. Intrapleural recurrence occurred in 1 CRS/HIPEC+HITHOC and 2 CRS/HITHOC patients. CONCLUSIONS: CRS/HITHOC performed via diaphragm or thoracotomy at high-volume centers is a safe option for PSM with pleural dissemination. Further comparative studies with longer follow-up are needed to evaluate survival by tumor type.
Assuntos
Hipertermia Induzida , Neoplasias Peritoneais , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Quimioterapia do Câncer por Perfusão Regional , Terapia Combinada , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos de Citorredução , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/terapia , Neoplasias Peritoneais/tratamento farmacológico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Taxa de SobrevidaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS/HIPEC) is predominantly performed and studied in academic centers. While developing CRS/HIPEC programs in nonacademic hospitals can increase accessibility, its safety and oncological efficacy remains unclear. We evaluated CRS/HIPEC outcomes in a nonacademic setting. METHODS: A single-center descriptive study was conducted using a prospective database. Data of all CRS/HIPEC attempts in peritoneal surface malignancies (PSM) patients from October 1994 to November 2019 were extracted. Surgical and survival outcomes were measured. Center experience was assessed by quartiles of cases. RESULTS: Overall, 856 patients underwent 948 CRS/HIPEC attempts: 788 (83%) completed CRS/HIPECs, 144 (15%) aborted HIPECs, and 16 (2%) complete cytoreductions (CC-0/1) without chemoperfusion. For completed CRS/HIPECs, median peritoneal cancer index was 24 (interquartile range: 10-33) and CC-0/1 rate was 88%. Major complications occurred in 23.5% with 30- and 100-day mortality of 1.0% and 2.3%, respectively. Median overall survival was 68 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 50-86). Median progression-free survival was 37 months (95%CI: 28-46). Incomplete cytoreduction and major complication rates decreased over time, while mortality remained low and constant. CONCLUSIONS: CRS/HIPEC at a nonacademic center with advanced surgical and auxiliary services is a safe option to treat PSM with favorable surgical and oncological outcomes.
Assuntos
Quimioterapia Adjuvante/mortalidade , Quimioterapia do Câncer por Perfusão Regional/mortalidade , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos de Citorredução/mortalidade , Hipertermia Induzida/mortalidade , Quimioterapia Intraperitoneal Hipertérmica/mortalidade , Neoplasias Peritoneais/mortalidade , Idoso , Terapia Combinada , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Peritoneais/patologia , Neoplasias Peritoneais/terapia , Prognóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Taxa de SobrevidaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: During cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS/HIPEC), surgeons are reluctant to perform unprotected pelvic anastomosis despite lack of supporting data. We analyzed pelvic anastomosis outcomes and factors that influence ostomy creation in CRS/HIPEC patients. METHODS: A single-center, descriptive study of patients with rectal resection during CRS/HIPEC was conducted using a prospective database. Surgical variables were reviewed. Multinomial logistic regression of outcomes (end or protective ostomy) was performed with pre- and intraoperative factors as predictors. RESULTS: Overall, 274 of 789 CRS/HIPEC patients underwent rectal resection, including 243 (89%) with pelvic anastomosis [232 (85%) without ostomy, 11 (4%) with protective ileostomy] and 31 (11%) with no anastomosis [16 (6%) with end colostomy, 15 (5%) with end ileostomy]. The median age was 57 and 29% (79) were male. Of 243 pelvic anastomosis patients, 3 (1.2%) had rectal anastomotic leaks, including 1 with a protective ileostomy. Other anastomotic leaks occurred in 3.6%. Overall, 13% had Clavien-Dindo complications ≥ IIIB and the readmission rate was 30%. Mortality at 30 days and 100 days was 0.4% and 2.2%, respectively. Male gender and primary rectal cancer were associated with protective ileostomy [odds ratio (OR) = 7.01, 95% CI: 1.6-31.5, p = 0.011, and OR = 16.4, 95% CI: 3-88.4, p = 0.001, respectively). Male gender and prior pelvic surgery were associated with end colostomy (OR = 13.9, 95% CI: 3.7-53, p < 0.0001, and OR = 17.2, 95% CI: 3.8-78.6, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Pelvic bowel reconstruction without protective or end ostomy during CRS/HIPEC is safe. Protective ileostomy is associated with male gender and primary rectal cancer. End colostomy is associated with male gender and prior pelvic surgery.
Assuntos
Quimioterapia Intraperitoneal Hipertérmica , Anastomose Cirúrgica/efeitos adversos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos de Citorredução/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Ileostomia/efeitos adversos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Peritoneais/terapia , Prognóstico , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (LAMN) are tumors that frequently present with peritoneal spread of either acellular mucin (AM) or cellular mucin (CM). We aim to determine how mucin types and distribution affect survival. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using a prospective database. Newly diagnosed LAMN patients with AM versus CM treated with cytoreductive surgery/hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS/HIPEC) were compared. Postoperative pathology reports were reviewed to assess each involved abdominal zone. Survival was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Of 121 identified patients, 50 (41%) had peritoneal lesions with AM and 71 (59%) with CM. Peritoneal cancer index was lower in AM versus CM (mean: 19 ± 13 vs 28 ± 10, p = 0.004), but complete cytoreduction (CC) rates were similar (98% vs 96%, p = 0.642). The 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) was higher in AM versus CM (96% vs 69.8%, p = 0.002). CM patients had zones with both types of lesions: with and without cells. The CM subgroup analysis showed significant differences in 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) among patients with 1-3, 4-7, and 8-10 zones with cells (95.2%, 68.4%, and 35.7%, respectively, p < 0.001), but PFS was not affected by the number of zones with any lesion type. There was no difference in overall survival (OS) between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Despite comparable CC rates after CRS/HIPEC, CM patients have shorter PFS than AM patients. In CM patients, more zones with cells, but not the total number of involved zones, negatively impact PFS. Mucin type does not impact OS. It is important to assess and report mucin cellularity in LAMN specimens.
Assuntos
Neoplasias do Apêndice , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias do Apêndice/terapia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos de Citorredução , Humanos , Quimioterapia Intraperitoneal Hipertérmica , Mucinas , Neoplasias Peritoneais/terapia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Taxa de SobrevidaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Appendiceal goblet cell adenocarcinoma (GCA) is often misclassified and mistreated due to mixed histologic features. In general, cytoreductive surgery plus hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS/HIPEC) is standard of care for peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) from mucinous appendiceal tumors; however, in PC from GCA, data are limited and the role of CRS/HIPEC is controversial. We report outcomes in PC from appendiceal GCA treated with CRS/HIPEC. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective institutional database of 391 CRS/HIPEC patients with appendiceal carcinomatosis from 1998 to 2018 was reviewed. Twenty-seven patients with GCA were identified. Perioperative variables were described. Survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: GCA occurred in 7% (27/391) of appendiceal CRS/HIPEC patients. Seven (26%) cases were aborted. Two patients underwent a second CRS/HIPEC for peritoneal recurrence. Median age at diagnosis was 53 years (range 39-72 years), and 12 (60%) were female. All underwent previous surgery. Seven (35%) had prior chemotherapy and received a median of 5 cycles (range 3-8). Median PCI was 6 (range 1-39). Complete cytoreduction was achieved in 95% (19/20). Grade III complications occurred in three (15%) patients, and no perioperative deaths occurred. Median follow-up was 97 months. Overall survival at 1, 3 and 5 years was 100%, 74% and 67%, respectively. Progression-free survival at 1, 3, and 5 years was 94%, 67% and 59%, respectively. CONCLUSION: CRS/HIPEC should be considered as the main treatment option for patients with PC from appendiceal GCA. When performed at a CRS/HIPEC specialty center, 5-year OS of 67% can be achieved.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/terapia , Neoplasias do Apêndice/terapia , Tumor Carcinoide/terapia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos de Citorredução , Hipertermia Induzida , Neoplasias Peritoneais/terapia , Adenocarcinoma/mortalidade , Adenocarcinoma/secundário , Adulto , Idoso , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias do Apêndice/mortalidade , Neoplasias do Apêndice/patologia , Tumor Carcinoide/mortalidade , Tumor Carcinoide/secundário , Quimioterapia Adjuvante , Terapia Combinada , Feminino , Seguimentos , Células Caliciformes/patologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia , Neoplasias Peritoneais/mortalidade , Neoplasias Peritoneais/secundário , Estudos Retrospectivos , Taxa de Sobrevida , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Survival in peritoneal dissemination from appendiceal cancer after complete cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS/HIPEC) varies within each histopathologic subtype. Analyzing patients with unique responses may uncover the mechanisms behind their extreme outcomes. We proposed a method to identify retrospectively and to characterize patients who responded exceptionally well or very poorly within each histopathologic subtype. METHODS: Retrospective review of patients with low-grade mucinous carcinoma peritonei (LGMCP), high-grade MCP (HGMCP), and HGMCP with signet ring cells (HGMCP-S) with complete CRS/HIPEC (CC-0/1) was performed. Patients were divided by recurrence status. Median follow-up was calculated for each. Exceptional responders (ExR) were defined as alive without recurrence after median follow-up of the nonrecurrent group. Poor responders (PoR) were defined as disease recurrence before median follow-up of the recurrent group. Perioperative characteristics were analyzed. RESULTS: LGMCP, HGMCP, and HGMCP-S had 48 (41%), 19 (23%), and 7 (14%) ExR and 11 (10%), 20 (24%), and 20 (39%) PoR, respectively. All ExR had lower median PCI (26 vs. 36 [p = 0.004]; 13 vs. 33.5 [p < 0.001]; 3 vs. 29.5 [p = 0.001]). Fewer LGMCP and HGMCP ExR had abnormal tumor markers (36% vs. 90% [p = 0.003]; 22% vs. 74% [p = 0.003]). More HGMCP and HGMCP-S ExR had CC-0 (vs. CC-1) cytoreductions (84% vs. 50%, p = 0.041; 100% vs. 40%, p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: Stratifying patients by recurrence status and follow-up time successfully selects ExR and PoR within each histopathologic subtype. Perioperative characteristics of ExR versus PoR differ across histopathologic subtypes, except for disease burden. Genetic analysis may further elucidate differences and aid in the development of novel targeted therapies.
Assuntos
Neoplasias do Apêndice/mortalidade , Quimioterapia do Câncer por Perfusão Regional/mortalidade , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos de Citorredução/mortalidade , Hipertermia Induzida/mortalidade , Seleção de Pacientes , Neoplasias Peritoneais/mortalidade , Adenocarcinoma Mucinoso/mortalidade , Adenocarcinoma Mucinoso/patologia , Adenocarcinoma Mucinoso/terapia , Neoplasias do Apêndice/patologia , Neoplasias do Apêndice/terapia , Carcinoma de Células em Anel de Sinete/mortalidade , Carcinoma de Células em Anel de Sinete/patologia , Carcinoma de Células em Anel de Sinete/terapia , Quimioterapia Adjuvante , Terapia Combinada , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Peritoneais/secundário , Neoplasias Peritoneais/terapia , Prognóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Taxa de SobrevidaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS/HIPEC) is standard treatment for peritoneal dissemination from appendiceal cancer (AC); however, its role in high-grade histopathologic subtypes (high-grade mucinous carcinoma peritonei [HGMCP] and HGMCP with signet ring cells [HGMCP-S]) is controversial due to their aggressive behavior. This study analyzed clinical outcomes of high-grade AC after CRS/HIPEC. METHODS: A prospective database of CRS/HIPEC procedures for HGMCP performed from 1998-2017 was reviewed. Perioperative variables and survival were analyzed. RESULTS: Eighty-six HGMCP and 65 HGMCP-S were identified. HGMCP had more positive tumor markers (TM) (CEA/CA-125/CA-19-9) than HGMCP-S (63% vs 40%, p = 0.005). HGMCP had higher Peritoneal Cancer Index (32 vs 26, p = 0.097) and was less likely to have positive lymph nodes (LN) than HGMCP-S (28% vs 69%, p = < 0.001). Complete cytoreduction was achieved in 84% and 83%, respectively. PFS at 3- and 5-years was 59% and 48% for HGMCP vs 31% and 14% for HGMCP-S. Median PFS was 4.3 and 1.6 years, respectively (p < 0.001). OS at 3- and 5-years was 84% and 64% in HGMCP vs 38% and 25% in HGMCP-S. Median OS was 7.5 and 2.2 years, respectively (p < 0.001). LN negative HGMCP-S had longer median PFS and OS than LN positive HGMCP-S (PFS: 3.4 vs 1.5 years, p = 0.03; OS: 5.6 vs 2.1 months, p = 0.021). CONCLUSIONS: The aggressive histology of HGMCP-S is associated with poor OS, has fewer abnormal TM, and is more likely to have positive LN. However, CRS/HIPEC can achieve a 5-year survival of 25%, which may improve to 51% with negative LN.