Summary and analysis of Russian and international requirements for the safe management of very low level radioactive waste and production waste containing very low active radionuclides.

This article gives an overview of Russian legislation and international recommendations on the safe management regulation of the accumulated very low level radioactive waste (RW), provides the comparison of Russian and international criteria for RW attribution to this or that class and also the existing radiation safety requirements. This article also deals with the difficulties in management of production waste containing radionuclides. Criteria and standards were selected from international (ICRP and IAEA publications) and Russian (Federal Law on Management of Radioactive Waste, Government Decree on Radioactive Waste Classification, The Basic Sanitary Rules of Radiation Safety) documents for comparative analysis. International and Russian criteria for the radioactive materials attribution to RW and production waste containing radionuclides were compared during the analysis. A number of radionuclides for which it is necessary to establish such criteria have been identified. It was found that Russian classification of radioactive materials is generally consistent with IAEA classification. Practices of managing production waste containing radionuclides (protection from contact with the environment, the placement in the long-term storage facilities or disposal) depend on the period of potential hazard of radionuclides. The management of production waste containing radionuclides requires a separate system which should be developed in accordance with the RW management system.

[Prevention of eventration in diffuse suppurative processes in small pelvis].

The study was devoted to the problem of postoperative eventrations in gynaecological practice. Coaptation removable sutures were applied in order to prevent similar complications. Operations were performed in the cases of desolate condition of purulent disease of the uterus and uterine appendages with diffuse suppurative peritonitis. An advanced operative technique of suturing through all layers of abdominal wall demonstrated its high efficacy. No one patient (from 39) had the eventration or wound abscess.

[Supervision over selection and exploitation of individual protective skin devices on objects and territories serviced by Federal Medical Biologic Agency].

The article covers main principles underlying sanitary epidemiologic supervision over selection and exploitation of individual protective skin devices on objects of Federal Agency on Nuclear Energy. The authors consider radiation hazards influencing humans; provide specific medical and technical requirements to individual protective skin devices, which are monitored during preventive and current sanitary epide miologic supervision and determining peculiarities of use of individual protective skin devices by personnel working in radiation-hazardous conditions.

[Nutrition and levels of risk factors for ischemic heart disease in 30- to 59-year-old men of Novosibirsk and resident newcomers of Chukotka]. / Pitanie i urovni faktorov riska ishemicheskoi bolezni serdtsa u muzhchin 30--59 let Novosibirska i priezhikh zhitelei Chukotki.

Data on actual diets and major coronary risk factors are presented for residents of a district in Novosibirsk and nonaboriginal residents of Chukotka. Epidemiologic (quantitative assessment of dietary habits, questioning to detect angina of effort), biochemical (assays of plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein cholesterol) and physiologic (arterial BP, height and weight measurements) methods were used. Differences are demonstrated between the diets common for Novosibirsk and nonaboriginal Chukotka residents, which show correlation to differences in the incidence of major coronary risk factors.

[Nutrition characteristics and the incidence of dyslipoproteinemia and ischemic heart disease among the population of the Buryat ASSR]. / Osobennosti pitaniia, rasprostranennos't dislipoproteidemii i ishemicheskoi bolezni serdtsa u zhitelei Buriatskoi ASSR.

The paper presents the data on dietary habits, blood lipid composition, and prevalence of coronary heart disease in native and non-native populations from Buryatia. They were obtained by using epidemiological (assessment of amounts of the food ingredients consumed) and biochemical (measurement of blood levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and high density lipoprotein cholesterol) methods. Differences were demonstrated in dietary habits between the native and non-native populations from Buryatia. The differences were shown to be associated with the prevalence of dyslipoproteinemias and coronary heart disease in these population groups.

[Nutrition and risk factors of ischemic heart disease in men of the Chukot Autonomous Region]. / Pitanie i faktory riska ishemicheskoi bolezni serdtsa u muzhchin Chukotskogo avtonomnogo okruga.

The relationship between the nutritional status and the major risk factors of CHD has been studied in the indigenous and nonindigenous inhabitants of the Chukot Autonomous Region. The nutrition of the indigenous tundra inhabitants who show a significantly lower risk factors as compared with nonindigenous citizens living there for over ten years is characterized by a significantly higher proportion of protein of animal origin, a lower calorie intake in general and that of fat, in particular, a lower consumption of starch-containing products and a high consumption of refined sugar. A larger proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids in food is markedly associated with reduced levels of cholesterol, beta-lipoprotein cholesterol and the diastolic blood pressure in Chukchi inhabitants living on the seacoast as against Chukchi living on the mainland. The detected differences in the level of risk factors are correlated with differences in the nature of nutrition.

[Characteristics of the nutrition and blood lipids of the native residents of Chukot Peninsula and the Buryat ASSR]. / Osobennosti pitaniia i lipidy krovi u korennykh zhitelei Chukotki u Buriatii.

Simultaneous epidemiologic investigations of representative samplings of the male population, aged from 30 to 59 years, were carried out in Chukot Peninsula and the Buryat ASSR in 1981-1982 and 1985-1986 years. The programme of the study included standard questioning to reveal angina of effort according to the WHO Cardiologic Questionnaire, ECG recording at rest, arterial pressure measuring (twice), anthropometry, biochemical blood assay (the content of total cholesterol, triglycerides and high density lipoprotein cholesterol). Actual nutrition was studied by the method of "daily reproduction" in 104 residents of Markovskaya tundra (85.3%), in 165 residents of Chukot Peninsula (73.4%) and in 476 residents of the Buryat ASSR (95.2% of the planned number). Differences have been revealed in the characteristics of nutrition and blood lipid content between the native residents of Chukot Peninsula and the Buryat ASSR. Certain relationship has been determined between dyslipoproteinemia incidence and differences in the nutrition of the compared population groups.