Surgical treatment of a giant right coronary aneurysm.

This case report is a step-by-step description of the surgical treatment of a giant right coronary aneurysm with a maximum diameter of 80 mm in a 57-year-old male.

Type A Aortic Dissection in a 24-Year-Old Patient With Kabuki Syndrome.

Our case report documents the first type A aortic dissection in a patient with Kabuki syndrome (KS) and emphasize the need for intensive cardiovascular risk monitoring in patients with KS. It stresses the importance of further research to establish a correlation and awareness for patients with KS.

Surgical bypass to the left subclavian artery: an extra-anatomical transpleural approach.

A distal anastomosis in zone 3 is technically demanding during the frozen elephant trunk procedure. Proximalization of the distal anastomosis to zone 2 with subsequent revascularization of the left subclavian artery is an attractive alternative. This video tutorial describes the technique of an extra-anatomical bypass from the aortic prosthesis to the infraclavicular left subclavian (axillary) artery in arch replacement with the distal aortic graft anastomosis in zone 2.

Mitral Valve Repair Versus Replacement in The Elderly.

The disadvantages of mitral valve replacement with a bioprosthesis in the long-term may not play an important role if the shorter life expectancy of older patients is taken into account. This study aims to evaluate whether mitral valve replacement in the elderly is associated with similar outcome compared to repair in the short- and long-term. All patients aged 70 years and older undergoing minimally invasive mitral valve surgery were studied retrospectively. Primary outcome was 30-day complication rate, secondary outcome was long-term survival and freedom from re-operation. 223 Patients underwent surgery (124 replacement and 99 repair) with a mean age of 76.4 ± 4.2 years. 30-Day complication rate (replacement 73.4% versus repair 67.7%; p=.433), 30-day mortality (replacement 4.0% versus repair 1.0%; p=.332) and 30-day stroke rate (replacement 0.0% versus repair 1.0%; p=.910) were similar in both groups. Multivariable cox regression revealed higher age, diabetes and left ventricular dysfunction as predictors for reduced long-term survival, while a valve replacement was no predictor for reduced survival. Sub analysis of patients with degenerative disease showed no difference in long-term survival after propensity weighting (HR 1.4; 95%CI 0.84 - 2.50; p=.282). The current study reveals that mitral valve repair and replacement in the elderly can be achieved with good short- and long-term results. Long-term survival was dependent on patient related risk factors and not on the type of operation (replacement versus repair).

Clinically Significant Incidental Findings on CT Imaging During TAVI Work-up: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: The transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) population is mostly elderly and frail. Clinically significant incidental findings (SIFs) are commonly encountered in the work-up of TAVI patients. This is a systematic review of current literature on the occurrence of SIFs on computed tomography (CT) imaging preceding TAVI and their association with mortality, delayed planning, and procedure cancellation. METHODS: A systematic search on Medline, Embase, and Cochrane resulted in 19 retrospective studies (published from 2010-2020) reporting SIFs in the work-up for TAVI. A total of 6358 individuals from 19 studies were analyzed, with mean age of 80 years and sex equally divided. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed, with weighting based on study size. RESULTS: Pooled prevalence of patients with SIF was 22.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 17.8-26.6) and most findings (48.3%) were found in the lungs. Pooled prevalence of new malignancies was 3.4% (95% CI, 2.5-4.4). Higher mortality in patients with SIF was only found in studies with a follow-up period >4 years (hazard ratio, 1.5-1.7). TAVI was more frequently cancelled in patients with SIF vs those with no SIF (ranges, 10.1%-47.1% vs 5.2%-37.0%, respectively). SIF did not delay time to TAVI (ranges, 6-91 days in SIF patients vs 4-81 days in non-SIF patients). CONCLUSION: SIFs are common in patients screened for TAVI. SIF is associated with a higher risk of TAVI cancellation and with increased mortality risk over the long term, which should be taken into consideration in decision making. These findings may help inform patients and aid patient selection.

Reoperative Mitral Valve Surgery Through Port Access.

Minimally invasive mitral valve surgery (MIMVS) has become the standard approach for mitral valve pathology in many centres. The anterolateral mini thoracotomy access is beneficial in reoperative surgery by avoiding repeat sternotomy associated risks. The aim of this study is to analyse the safety of this technique. All patients undergoing reoperative MIMVS between 2008 and 2019 were studied retrospectively. Primary endpoint was 30-day major complications and mortality; secondary outcome was long term survival, reoperation rate and rate of more than moderate recurrent regurgitation. 146 Patients underwent reoperative MIMVS with a mean age of 68 ± 8 years. The composite outcome of 30-day major complication and mortality was 29.5%. 30-Day mortality was 6.2% and stroke rate 3.4%. Survival for the whole cohort was 89.7 ± 2.5% at 1-year, 71.6 ± 4.3% at 5 year and 50.9 ± 5.9% at 8-year follow up. Cox regression analysis revealed reduced left ventricular function (HR 2.8; 95%CI 1.5 - 5.0), GFR < 60 (HR 2.1; 95%CI 1.2 - 3.7) and active endocarditis (HR 6.4; 95%CI 2.7 - 15.4) as variables associated with reduced long-term survival. The cumulative incidence of re-operation after mitral valve replacement was 11.3 ± 3.2% at 5-year and for repair 16.2 ± 7.5% at 5-year. The cumulative incidence of more than moderate recurrent regurgitation after mitral valve repair was 25.4 ± 9.0% at 3-year. Minimally invasive access in reoperative mitral valve surgery in the current study showed similar 30-day mortality and stroke rate compared to repeat sternotomy results reported in literature.

Perigraft hygroma mimicking recurrent angiosarcoma of the right atrium.

Primary cardiac angiosarcoma is extremely rare, has a poor prognosis and has no specific clinical manifestation. A 31-year-old pregnant woman presented to the emergency department with signs of pericardial tamponade. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) showed a mass within her right atrium. Extensive surgical resection was performed with subsequent pericardial patch reconstruction of the right atrium. Histological examination showed the presence of an angiosarcoma. A reoperation was performed 18 months after the initial operation, because of concerns of radicality. Three years later she was re-admitted with a superior caval vein syndrome. A stent was placed to relieve symptoms. Because of the suspicion of a recurrent tumor, a second reoperation followed. During this operation, a perigraft hygroma was found pressing against the previously reconstructed superior caval vein. Histological examination after both reoperations showed no signs of a recurrent angiosarcoma. Until today, 8 years after her first surgery, the patient is still alive without any signs of recurrent tumor.

Decision Making during the Learning Curve of Minimally Invasive Mitral Valve Surgery: A Focused Review for the Starting Minimally Invasive Surgeon.

Minimally invasive mitral valve surgery is evolving rapidly since the early 1990's and is now increasingly adopted as the standard approach for mitral valve surgery. It has a long and challenging learning curve and there are many considerations regarding technique, planning and patient selection when starting a minimally invasive program. In the current review, we provide an overview of all considerations and the decision-making process during the learning curve.

Minimally invasive mitral valve surgery: a systematic safety analysis.

OBJECTIVE: Minimally invasive surgery is increasingly adopted as an alternative to conventional sternotomy for mitral valve pathology in many centres worldwide. A systematic safety analysis based on a comprehensive list of pre-specified 30-day complications defined by the Mitral Valve Academic Consortium (MVARC) criteria is lacking. The aim of the current study was to systematically analyse the safety of minimally invasive mitral valve surgery in our centre based on the MVARC definitions. METHODS: All consecutive patients undergoing minimally invasive mitral valve surgery through right mini-thoracotomy in our institution within 10 years were studied retrospectively. The primary outcome was a composite of 30-day major complications based on MVARC definitions. RESULTS: 745 patients underwent minimally invasive mitral valve surgery (507 repair, 238 replacement), with a mean age of 62.9±12.3 years. The repair was successful in 95.8%. Overall 30-day mortality was 1.2% and stroke rate 0.3%. Freedom from any 30-day major complications was 87.2%, and independent predictors were left ventricular ejection fraction <50% (OR 1.78; 95% CI 1.02 to 3.02) and estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (OR 1.98; 95% CI 1.17 to 3.26). CONCLUSIONS: Minimally invasive mitral valve surgery is a safe technique and is associated with low 30-day mortality and stroke rate.