[On the methods for the probing of the maxillary sinus].

This publication is designed to familiarize practicing physicians and otorhinolaryngologists with the technique for the probing of the maxillary sinus. The authors propose to use a 9 cm long S-shaped cannula of original construction for the probing and rinsing the maxillary sinus. The technique of this procedure and anatomical landmarks that facilitate probing are illustrated in the figures. The probing of the maxillary sinus is performed as the main method for the treatment of acute sinusitis and exacerbation of chronic sinusitis. The application of forced drainage of natural pathways (FDNP) prior to surgery makes it possible to reduce to a minimum the potential extent of intervention.

Comparison of actionable events detected in cancer genomes by whole-genome sequencing, in silico whole-exome and mutation panels.

BACKGROUND: Next-generation sequencing is used in cancer research to identify somatic and germline mutations, which can predict sensitivity or resistance to therapies, and may be a useful tool to reveal drug repurposing opportunities between tumour types. Multigene panels are used in clinical practice for detecting targetable mutations. However, the value of clinical whole-exome sequencing (WES) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) for cancer care is less defined, specifically as the majority of variants found using these technologies are of uncertain significance. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We used the Cancer Genome Interpreter and WGS in 726 tumours spanning 10 cancer types to identify drug repurposing opportunities. We compare the ability of WGS to detect actionable variants, tumour mutation burden (TMB) and microsatellite instability (MSI) by using in silico down-sampled data to mimic WES, a comprehensive sequencing panel and a hotspot mutation panel. RESULTS: We reveal drug repurposing opportunities as numerous biomarkers are shared across many solid tumour types. Comprehensive panels identify the majority of approved actionable mutations, with WGS detecting more candidate actionable mutations for biomarkers currently in clinical trials. Moreover, estimated values for TMB and MSI vary when calculated from WGS, WES and panel data, and are dependent on whether all mutations or only non-synonymous mutations were used. Our results suggest that TMB and MSI thresholds should not only be tumour-dependent, but also be sequencing platform-dependent. CONCLUSIONS: There is a large opportunity to repurpose cancer drugs, and these data suggest that comprehensive sequencing is an invaluable source of information to guide clinical decisions by facilitating precision medicine and may provide a wealth of information for future studies. Furthermore, the sequencing and analysis approach used to estimate TMB may have clinical implications if a hard threshold is used to indicate which patients may respond to immunotherapy.

[Modern technologies in pediatric diagnostics and intensive care].

New technologies of diagnostics of post-operative period complications in newborns (measure of procalcitonin level, serum wedge-shaped dehydration method), as well as introduction of discrete plasmopheresis and fiber-optic bronchoscopy via the laringeal mask, present necessery additions to traditinally used methods of treatment in a children's intensive care unit, improving the results of its work.

[Peptide mapping of membrane-bound monooxygenases]. / Peptidnoe kartirovanie membranosviazannykh monooksigenaz.

A method is developed for studies of differences in peptide structure of native membrane-bound monooxygenases using limited proteolysis of liver microsomal hemoproteins. Analysis of peptide maps was carried out in constitutive and induced by 3 methylcholanthrene and 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin enzyme forms, responsible for metabolic and biological activation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.