A novel intraoperative acetabular reaming center locating method in total hip arthroplasty for Crowe type IV developmental dysplasia of the hip: a retrospective cohort study.

PURPOSE: Although the principles of hip reconstruction are consistent, due to lack of reliable anatomical landmarks, how to decide the acetabular cup reaming centre intraoperatively in Crowe IV patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) remains unclear. This study aims to address this question. METHODS: Fifty-eight Crowe IV patients were enrolled from 2017 to 2019. By examining our previous clinical data, we analyzed the anatomical morphology of Crowe IV acetabulum and proposed a method of locating intraoperative reaming centering for implantation of a standard-sized acetabular cup, which is the upper two thirds of the posterior border of the true acetabulum. All patients included in this study were reamed according to this method. The average postoperative follow-up was 4.1 years (3-5 years). The position of the centre of rotation (COR), cup coverage (CC), and optimal range of joint motion (ROM) were examined by 3D computer simulation measurement. Postoperative complications and hip Harris score were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: The morphology of the type IV DDH true acetabulum was mostly triangular. The intraoperative reaming centre were centered on the upper two thirds of the posterior border of the true acetabulum. The postoperative 3D CC was 80.20% ± 7.63% (64.68-90.24%, 44-48-mm cup size). The patients' mean Harris score improved from 39.7 ± 20.4 preoperatively to 91.5 ± 8.12 at the last follow-up. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated that satisfactory CC and clinical results could be achieved by implanting a standard-sized cup with the reaming centre on the upper two thirds of the posterior border of the true acetabulum.

Shape-memory sawtooth-arm embracing clamp used in complex femoral revision hip arthroplasty for stem stability: average 9-year follow-up study.

BACKGROUND: Nickel-Titanium shape-memory sawtooth-arm embracing clamps (SSECs) have been used in revision total hip arthroplasties (rTHAs) to protect stem stability. This study was to introduce this technique and report its mid to long-term clinical and radiographic outcomes. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed all patients implanted with SSECs in our department from January 2008 to December 2015. 41 patients (41 hips) were finally included. Radiographs and Harris hip scores (HHS) were collected. Radiographs were blindly analyzed for evidence of loosening, subsidence and stress shielding. HHS were compared to previous records by student's t tests. The average follow-up period was 9.3 years. RESULTS: All stems were stably fixed with no signs of loosening. The mean stem subsidence was 0.9 mm (range, 0 to 3 mm). Only one patient (2.4%) demonstrated the fourth degree of stress shielding, with the others none or minor bone resorption. The mean HHS at the final follow-up was 84.2 (range, 81 to 91), which was improved from 17.4 (range, 0 to 37) before surgery. No implant failures or re-revisions occurred. Dislocation occurred in 1 case during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: The SSEC protected stem fixation and achieved favorable clinical and radiographic outcomes in this 9-year follow-up study. It offered an additional extramedullary fixation option for surgeons to choose from in treating complex femoral revision arthroplasties.

Paxlovid accelerates cartilage degeneration and senescence through activating endoplasmic reticulum stress and interfering redox homeostasis.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has become a huge threat to human health, infecting millions of people worldwide and causing enormous economic losses. Many novel small molecule drugs have been developed to treat patients with COVID-19, including Paxlovid, which block the synthesis of virus-related proteins and replication of viral RNA, respectively. Despite satisfactory clinical trial results, attention is now being paid to the long-term side effects of these antiviral drugs on the musculoskeletal system. To date, no study has reported the possible side effects, such as osteoarthritis, of Paxlovid. This study explored the effects of antiviral drug, Paxlovid, on chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation. METHODS: In this study, both in vitro and in vivo studies were performed to determine the effect of Paxlovid on chondrocyte degeneration and senescence. Furthermore, we explored the possible mechanism behind Paxlovid-induced acceleration of cartilage degeneration using transcriptome sequencing and related inhibitors were adopted to verify the downstream pathways behind such phenomenon. RESULTS: Paxlovid significantly inhibited chondrocyte extracellular matrix protein secretion. Additionally, Paxlovid significantly induced endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, and downstream ferroptosis, thus accelerating the senescence and degeneration of chondrocytes. In vivo experiments showed that intraperitoneal injection of Paxlovid for 1 week exacerbated cartilage abrasion and accelerated the development of osteoarthritis in a mouse model. CONCLUSIONS: Paxlovid accelerated cartilage degeneration and osteoarthritis development, potentially by inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress. Long-term follow-up is needed with special attention to the occurrence and development of osteoarthritis in patients treated with Paxlovid.

Analyzing the impact of heavy metal exposure on osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis: an approach based on interpretable machine learning.

Introduction: This investigation leverages advanced machine learning (ML) techniques to dissect the complex relationship between heavy metal exposure and its impacts on osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Utilizing a comprehensive dataset from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning from 2003 to 2020, this study aims to elucidate the roles specific heavy metals play in the incidence and differentiation of OA and RA. Methods: Employing a phased ML strategy that encompasses a range of methodologies, including LASSO regression and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP), our analytical framework integrates demographic, laboratory, and questionnaire data. Thirteen distinct ML models were applied across seven methodologies to enhance the predictability and interpretability of clinical outcomes. Each phase of model development was meticulously designed to progressively refine the algorithm's performance. Results: The results reveal significant associations between certain heavy metals and an increased risk of arthritis. The phased ML approach enabled the precise identification of key predictors and their contributions to disease outcomes. Discussion: These findings offer new insights into potential pathways for early detection, prevention, and management strategies for arthritis associated with environmental exposures. By improving the interpretability of ML models, this research provides a potent tool for clinicians and researchers, facilitating a deeper understanding of the environmental determinants of arthritis.

TiO2 nanotube topography enhances osteogenesis through filamentous actin and XB130-protein-mediated mechanotransduction.

TiO2 nanotube topography, as nanomechanical stimulation, can significantly promote osteogenesis and improve the osteointegration on the interface of implants and bone tissue. However, the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated. XB130 is a member of the actin filament-associated protein family and is involved in the regulation of cytoskeleton and tyrosine kinase-mediated signalling as an adaptor protein. Whether XB130 is involved in TiO2 nanotubes-induced osteogenic differentiation and how it functions in mechano-biochemical signalling transduction remain to be elucidated. In this study, the role of XB130 on TiO2 nanotube-induced osteogenesis and mechanotransduction was systematically investigated. TiO2 nanotube topography was fabricated via anodic oxidation and characterized. The osteogenic effect was significantly accelerated by the TiO2 nanotube surface in vitro and vivo. XB130 was significantly upregulated during this process. Moreover, XB130 overexpression significantly promoted osteogenic differentiation, whereas its knockdown inhibited it. Filamentous actin depolymerization could change the expression and distribution of XB130, thus affecting osteogenic differentiation. Mechanistically, XB130 could interact with Src and result in the activation of the downstream PI3K/Akt/GSK-3ß/ß-catenin pathway, which accounts for the regulation of osteogenesis. This study for the first time showed that the enhanced osteogenic effect of TiO2 nanotubes could be partly due to the filamentous actin and XB130 mediated mechano-biochemical signalling transduction, which might provide a reference for guiding the design and modification of prostheses to promote bone regeneration and osseointegration. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: TiO2 nanotubes topography can regulate cytoskeletal rearrangement and thus promote osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. However, how filamentous actin converts mechanical stimulus into biochemical activity remains unclear. XB130 is a member of actin filament-associated protein family and involves in the regulation of tyrosine kinase-mediated signalling. Therefore, we hypothesised that XB130 might bridge the mechano-biochemical signalling transduction during TiO2 nanotubes-induced osteogenic differentiation. For the first time, this study shows that TiO2 nanotubes enhance osteogenesis through filamentous actin and XB130 mediated mechanotransduction, which provides new theoretical basis for guiding the design and modification of prostheses to promote bone regeneration and osseointegration.

Preventing periprosthetic osteolysis in aging populations through lymphatic activation and stem cell-associated secretory phenotype inhibition.

With increases in life expectancy, the number of patients requiring joint replacement therapy and experiencing periprosthetic osteolysis, the most common complication leading to implant failure, is growing or underestimated. In this study, we found that osteolysis progression and osteoclast differentiation in the surface of the skull bone of adult mice were accompanied by significant expansion of lymphatic vessels within bones. Using recombinant VEGF-C protein to activate VEGFR3 and promote proliferation of lymphatic vessels in bone, we counteracted excessive differentiation of osteoclasts and osteolysis caused by titanium alloy particles or inflammatory cytokines LPS/TNF-α. However, this effect was not observed in aged mice because adipogenically differentiated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) inhibited the response of lymphatic endothelial cells to agonist proteins. The addition of the JAK inhibitor ruxolitinib restored the response of lymphatic vessels to external stimuli in aged mice to protect against osteolysis progression. These findings suggest that inhibiting SASP secretion by adipogenically differentiated MSCs while activating lymphatic vessels in bone offers a new method to prevent periprosthetic osteolysis during joint replacement follow-up.

Prevalence and associated factors of low bone mineral density in people living with HIV: a cross-sectional study.

This study examined low bone mineral density (BMD) prevalence and associated factors among Chinese people living with HIV (PLWH), uncovering a persistent high BMD risk in older individuals, even after adjusting for age and body mass index (BMI). Notably, lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) therapy was linked to reduced BMD, highlighting the imperative need for regular BMD monitoring and interventions in older PLWH. PURPOSE: HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy (ART) have been shown to contribute to lower BMD, resulting in an increased susceptibility to osteopenia and osteoporosis. However, there is limited knowledge about the prevalence of reduced BMD and its associated factors among Chinese PLWH. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with low BMD among PLWH in China. METHODS: We retrospectively enrolled PLWH and non-HIV volunteers who underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans to measure bone density. Demographic information, laboratory test results, ART regimens, and treatment duration were collected. Univariate and multiple regression analyses were performed to identify factors influencing abnormal bone mass in PLWH. RESULTS: A total of 829 individuals were included in this study, comprising the HIV group (n = 706) and the non-HIV group (n = 123). The prevalence of low BMD among all PLWH was found to be 13.88% (98 out of 706). However, among PLWH aged 50 years and above, the prevalence increased to 65.32% (81 out of 124). In contrast, control subjects in the same age group had a prevalence of 38.21% (47 out of 123). After adjusting for age and BMI, older PLWH still demonstrated a higher prevalence of low BMD compared to the non-HIV group (68.24% vs 34.94%, P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that older age was strongly associated with a higher risk of low BMD among PLWH, with an odds ratio (OR) of 6.28 for every 10-year increase in age in the ART-naïve population (95% confidence intervals [CIs], 3.12-12.65; P < 0.001) and OR of 4.83 in the ART-experienced population (3.20-7.29, P < 0.001). Within the ART-experienced group, current LPV/r treatment was associated with an increased risk of low BMD (OR = 3.55, 1.24-10.14, P < 0.05), along with lower BMI (OR = 0.84, 0.75-0.95, P < 0.05), and elevated alkaline phosphatase (OR = 1.02, 1.01-1.03, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of low BMD is higher among PLWH aged 50 years and above compared to non-HIV individuals. The use of LPV/r for ART is associated with reduced BMD. These findings emphasize the importance of regular monitoring of BMD in older PLWH and the need for appropriate interventions to mitigate the risks of osteopenia and osteoporosis in this population.

Cynarin alleviates intervertebral disc degeneration via protecting nucleus pulposus cells from ferroptosis.

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) leads to a series of degenerative spine diseases. Clinical treatment of IVDD is mainly surgery, lacking effective drugs to alleviate intervertebral disc degeneration. In this study, we analysed the mRNA sequencing dataset of human degenerative intervertebral disc tissues and revealed the participation of ferroptosis in IVDD. Furthermore, we confirmed that TNF-α, an important cytokine in IVDD, induces ferroptosis in nucleus pulposus cells. Subsequently, a ferroptosis inhibitors screening strategy using multiple ferroptosis indicators was developed. Through the screen of various natural compounds, cynarin, a natural product enriched in Artichoke, was discovered to inhibit ferroptosis of nucleus pulposus cells. Cynarin can dose-dependently inhibit the catabolism of nucleus pulposus cells, increase the expression of key ferroptosis-inhibiting genes (GPX4 and NRF2), inhibit the increment of cellular Fe2+, lipid peroxides, and reactive oxygen species. It can also prevent mitochondria shrinkage, reduce mitochondria cristae density in ferroptosis, and prevent IVDD in the rat model. In conclusion, cynarin is a potential candidate for the drug development for IVDD.

Ultrasmall PtAu2 nanoclusters activate endogenous anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative systems to prevent inflammatory osteolysis.

Rationale: Inflammatory osteolysis, characterized by abundant immune cell infiltration and osteoclast (OC) formation, is a common complication induced by bacterial products and/or wear particles at the bone-prosthesis interface that severely reduces long-term stability after implantation. Molecular nanoclusters are ultrasmall particles with unique physicochemical and biological properties that have great potential as theranostic agents for treating inflammatory diseases. Methods: In this study, heterometallic PtAu2 nanoclusters with sensitive nitric oxide-responsive phosphorescence turn-on characteristics and strong binding interactions with cysteine were designed, making them desirable candidates for the treatment of inflammatory osteolysis. Results: PtAu2 clusters exhibited satisfactory biocompatibility and cellular uptake behavior, with potent anti-inflammatory and anti-OC activities in vitro. In addition, PtAu2 clusters alleviated lipopolysaccharide-induced calvarial osteolysis in vivo and activated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression by disrupting its association with Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), thereby upregulating the expression of endogenous anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative products. Conclusion: Through the rational design of novel heterometallic nanoclusters that activate the endogenous anti-inflammatory system, this study provides new insights into the development of multifunctional molecular therapeutic agents for inflammatory osteolysis and other inflammatory diseases.

Aspirin prevents estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis and promoting osteogenesis.

BACKGROUND: Aspirin is a commonly used antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory drug. Numerous researches have demonstrated that aspirin exerts multiple biological effects on bone metabolism. However, its spatiotemporal roles remain controversial according to the specific therapeutic doses used for different clinical conditions, and the detailed mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Hence, in the present study, we aimed to identify the dual effects of different aspirin dosages on osteoclastic activity and osteoblastic bone formation in vitro and in vivo. METHODS: The effects of varying doses of aspirin on osteoclast and osteoblast differentiation were evaluated in vitro. The underlying molecular mechanisms were detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and immunofluorescence techniques. An ovariectomized rat osteoporosis model was used to assess the bone-protective effects of aspirin in vivo. RESULTS: Aspirin dose-dependently suppressed RANKL-induced osteoclasts differentiation and bone resorption in vitro and reduced the expression of osteoclastic marker genes, including TRAP, cathepsin K, and CTR. Further molecular analysis revealed that aspirin impaired the RANKL-induced NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways and prevented the nuclear translocation of the NF-κB p65 subunit. Low-dose aspirin promoted osteogenic differentiation, whereas these effects were attenuated when high-dose aspirin was administered. Both low and high doses of aspirin prevented bone loss in an ovariectomized rat osteoporosis model in vivo. CONCLUSION: Aspirin inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and promotes osteogenesis in a dual regulatory manner, thus preventing bone loss in vivo. These data indicate that aspirin has potential applications in the prevention and treatment of osteopenia.

Forkhead box O3 attenuates osteoarthritis by suppressing ferroptosis through inactivation of NF-κB/MAPK signaling.

Background: Ferroptosis is a nonapoptotic cell death process that is characterized by lipid peroxidation and intracellular iron accumulation. As osteoarthritis (OA) progresses, inflammation or iron overload induces ferroptosis of chondrocytes. However, the genes that play a vital role in this process are still poorly studied. Methods: Ferroptosis was elicited in the ATDC5 chondrocyte cell line and primary chondrocytes by administration of the proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-1ß and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, which play key roles in OA. The effect of FOXO3 expression on apoptosis, extracellular matrix (ECM) metabolism, and ferroptosis in ATDC5 cells and primary chondrocytes was verified by western blot, Immunohistochemistry (IMHC), immunofluorescence (IF) and measuring Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Glutathione (GSH) levels. The signal cascades that modulated FOXO3-mediated ferroptosis were identified by using chemical agonists/antagonists and lentivirus. In vivo experiments were performed following destabilization of medial meniscus surgery on 8-week-old C57BL/6 mice and included micro-computed tomography measurements. Results: In vitro administration of IL-1ß and TNF-α, to ATDC5 cells or primary chondrocytes induced ferroptosis. In addition, the ferroptosis agonist, erastin, and the ferroptosis inhibitor, ferrostatin-1, downregulated or upregulated the protein expression of forkhead box O3 (FOXO3), respectively. This, suggested, for the first time, that FOXO3 may regulate ferroptosis in articular cartilage. Our results further suggested that FOXO3 regulated ECM metabolism via the ferroptosis mechanism in ATDC5 cells and primary chondrocytes. Moreover, a role for the NF-κB/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascade in regulating FOXO3 and ferroptosis was demonstrated. In vivo experiments confirmed the rescue effect of intra-articular injection of a FOXO3-overexpressing lentivirus against erastin-aggravated OA. Conclusions: The results of our study show that the activation of ferroptosis promotes chondrocyte death and disrupts the ECM both in vivo and in vitro. In addition, FOXO3 can reduce OA progression by inhibiting ferroptosis through the NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway. The Translational potential of this article: This study highlights the important role of chondrocyte ferroptosis regulated by FOXO3 through the NF-κB/MAPK signaling in the progression of OA. The inhibition of chondrocyte ferroptosis by activating FOXO3 is expected to be a new target for the treatment of OA.

A dual functional Ti-Ga alloy: inhibiting biofilm formation and osteoclastogenesis differentiation via disturbing iron metabolism.

BACKGROUND: Although biomedical implants have been widely used in orthopedic treatments, two major clinical challenges remain to be solved, one is the bacterial infection resulting in biofilm formation, and the other is aseptic loosening during implantation due to over-activated osteoclastogenesis. These factors can cause many clinical issues and even lead to implant failure. Thus, it is necessary to endow implants with antibiofilm and aseptic loosening-prevention properties, to facilitate the integration between implants and bone tissues for successful implantation. To achieve this goal, this study aimed to develop a biocompatible titanium alloy with antibiofilm and anti-aseptic loosening dual function by utilizing gallium (Ga) as a component. METHODS: A series of Ti-Ga alloys were prepared. We examined the Ga content, Ga distribution, hardness, tensile strength, biocompatibility, and anti-biofilm performance in vitro and in vivo. We also explored how Ga3+ ions inhibited the biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) and osteoclast differentiation. RESULTS: The alloy exhibited outstanding antibiofilm properties against both S. aureus and E. coli in vitro and decent antibiofilm performance against S. aureus in vivo. The proteomics results demonstrated that Ga3+ ions could disturb the bacterial Fe metabolism of both S. aureus and E. coli, inhibiting bacterial biofilm formation. In addition, Ti-Ga alloys could inhibit receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-dependent osteoclast differentiation and function by targeting iron metabolism, then suppressing the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, thus, showing their potential to prevent aseptic loosening. CONCLUSION: This study provides an advanced Ti-Ga alloy that can be used as a promising orthopedic implant raw material for various clinical scenarios. This work also revealed that iron metabolism is the common target of Ga3+ ions to inhibit biofilm formation and osteoclast differentiation.

Mechanical overloading leads to chondrocyte degeneration and senescence via Zmpste24-mediated nuclear membrane instability.

Patients with OA and varus knees are subject to abnormal mechanical environment and objective of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying chondrocyte senescence caused by mechanical overloading and the role of Zmpste24-mediated nuclear membrane instability in varus knees. Finite element analysis showed that anteromedial region of tibial plateau experienced the most mechanical stress in an osteoarthritis patient with a varus knee. Immunohistochemistry exhibited lower Zmpste24 expression and higher expression of senescence marker p21 in the anteromedial region. Animal experiments and cell-stretch models also demonstrated an inverse relationship between Zmpste24 and mechanically induced senescence. Zmpste24 overexpression rescued cartilage degeneration and senescence in vitro by scavenging ROS. In conclusion, anteromedial tibial plateau is exposed to abnormal stress in varus knees, downregulation of Zmpste24, and nuclear membrane stability may explain increased senescence in this region. Zmpste24 and nuclear membrane stability are potential targets for treating osteoarthritis caused by abnormal alignment.

CircFOXO3 protects against osteoarthritis by targeting its parental gene FOXO3 and activating PI3K/AKT-mediated autophagy.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disorder causing pain and functional disability. Emerging evidence reveals that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play essential roles in OA progression and development. This study aimed to investigate the role of a novel circRNA factor, circFOXO3, in the progression of OA and elucidate its underlying molecular mechanism. The function of circFOXO3 in OA and interaction between circFOXO3 and its downstream mRNA target, forkhead box O3 (FOXO3), were evaluated by western blot (WB), immunofluorescence (IF), RNA immunoprecipitation, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Upregulation of circFOXO3 and autophagic flux were detected both in vivo and in vitro by WB, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), IF, and immunohistochemistry (IHC). A mouse model of OA was also used to confirm the role of circFOXO3 in OA pathogenesis in vivo. Decreased expression of circFOXO3 in OA cartilage tissues was directly associated with excessive apoptosis and imbalance between anabolic and catabolic factors of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Mechanistically, circFOXO3 functioned in cartilage by targeting its parental gene FOXO3 and activating autophagy. Intra-articular injection of lentivirus-circFOXO3 alleviated OA in the mouse model. In conclusion, our results reveal the key role played by circFOXO3 in OA progression; circFOXO3 overexpression may alleviate apoptosis of chondrocytes and promote anabolism of the ECM via activation of FOXO3 and autophagy, providing a potentially effective novel therapeutic strategy for OA.

Debridement without bone grafting prevents osteolytic lesions progression in revision THAs with prosthesis revised.

Background: Bone defects in revision total hip arthroplasties (rTHAs) caused by osteolysis are routinely treated with autografts or allografts, despite their various disadvantages. Currently, little is known about the prognosis of ungrafted cavities with complete debridement following prosthetic revision in rTHAs with component loosening, as few reports have focused on the application of debridement without bone grafting in osteolytic lesions that do not compromise structural stability in revision THAs with revised components. Methods: In this study, 48 patients receiving rTHAs with components revised for aseptic loosening with osteolysis between 2015 and 2019 were included. Anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of hips before and after revision surgery and last follow-up were compared to measure whether the size of the debrided osteolytic cavity without bone graft had changed. Results: In total, 48 patients with 59 osteolytic lesions were enrolled. The mean follow-up period was 3.33 years (range 2-6 years). None of the 59 cavities had progressed at the last follow-up, and 11 (18.6%) regressed. Two patients underwent re-revision according to dislocation during follow-up. Conclusion: In rTHAs with revised components, osteolytic lesions that do not influence structural stability could be debrided without grafting to avoid the disadvantages of grafting. Debridement and component revision are sufficient to prevent the progression of osteolytic lesions during surgery, without having adverse effects on the short-to mid-term prognosis.

Use of Customized 3D-Printed Titanium Augment With Tantalum Trabecular Cup for Large Acetabular Bone Defects in Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Midterm Follow-Up Study.

Aims: In revision total hip arthroplasty (THA), large acetabular bone defects pose challenges for surgeons. Recently, wide application of trabecular tantalum, which has outstanding biocompatibility and mechanical properties, and the development of three-dimensional (3D) printing have led to the introduction of new schemes for acetabular reconstruction. However, few studies have focused on the treatment of bone defects with customized 3D-printed titanium augments combined with tantalum trabecular cup. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the effect of this therapy in patients who underwent revision THAs. Patients and Methods: We included 23 patients with Paprosky type III acetabular bone defects who underwent revision THA between January 2013 and June 2019. The preoperative hip rotation center and functional score were compared with those at 2-7 years (average 4.7 years) postoperatively to evaluate the midterm prognosis of our treatment choice. Results: Postoperatively, the rotation centres of all hips were comparable with those of the contralateral hips. Hip function improved with average Harris Hip Score improved from 33.5 (22.7-40.2) to 86.1 (73.5-95.6) and average Oxford Hip Score improved from 8.3 (0-14) to 38.8 (35-48) during follow-up. One dislocation, which occurred due to extreme hip flexion within 6 weeks, was treated with closed reduction, and no recurrent dislocation occurred. No nerve injury, infection, aseptic loosening, or osteolysis were observed and no re-revision was performed in any patient. Conclusion: Satisfactory midterm outcomes were obtained with 3D-printed titanium augment combined with tantalum cup for the treatment of acetabular defects in revision THA. Changes in the Harris Hip Score and Oxford Hip Score suggested a significant improvement in hip function.

Use of a Gigli Saw as a Substitute Osteotomy Tool When Oscillating Saw Malfunctions Occur During Hip Arthroplasty.

OBJECTIVE: The oscillating saw has some inherent disadvantages, such as notch formation and blood splash. The objective is to introduce the Gigli saw as a substitute osteotomy tool when oscillating saw malfunctions occur during surgery. METHODS: During our retrospective study, 120 patients (120 hips) who underwent primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) because of femoral neck fracture, femoral head necrosis, developmental hip dysplasia (Crowe I), or primary osteoarthritis between October 2017 and April 2020 at our institute were included. Sixty patients (26 men and 34 women) with a mean age of 67.3 years (±15.1 years) underwent femoral neck osteotomy using a Gigli saw. The other 60 patients (32 men and 28 women) with a mean age of 64.4 years (±18.8 years) underwent femoral neck osteotomy using an oscillating saw. Intraoperative evaluations, including osteotomy time, osteotomy height, number of notch formations, and blood splash generation, were performed. Routine anteroposterior views of the pelvis and proximal femur were obtained for all patients after surgery. RESULTS: The mean osteotomy times were 26.60 ± 14.80 s and 31.80 ± 14.20 s with the oscillating saw and Gigli saw, respectively (t = 1.964, P = 0.0519). The mean osteotomy heights were 1.26 ± 0.22 cm and 1.20 ± 0.14 cm with the oscillating saw and Gigli saw, respectively (t = 1.782, P = 0.0773). The use of a Gigli saw did not result in bone notch formation or blood splash generation when multiple blood splashes were generated in the oscillating saw group. Postoperative radiographs showed no prostheses malposition in the Gigli saw and oscillating saw groups. CONCLUSION: The Gigli saw has various advantages and can be a substitute tool for femoral neck osteotomy during THA when oscillating saw malfunctions occur.

Ceritinib (LDK378) prevents bone loss via suppressing Akt and NF-κB-induced osteoclast formation.

Background: Ceritinib is used for the treatment of patients with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), who are at the risk of developing bone metastasis. During bone metastasis, tumor cells release factors that induce osteoclast formation, resulting in osteolysis. However, the effect of ceritinib on osteoclast formation remains unclear. Methods: Osteoclastogenesis was induced to assess the effect of ceritinib on osteoclast formation and osteoclast-specific gene expression. Western blotting was used to examine the molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of ceritinib on osteoclast differentiation. An in vivo ovariectomized mouse model was established to validate the effect of ceritinib in suppressing osteoclast formation and preventing bone loss. Results: The differentiation of osteoclasts and the expression of osteoclast-specific genes were inhibited upon ceritinib stimulation. Ceritinib suppressed Akt and p65 phosphorylation during the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis. The administration of ceritinib to ovariectomized mice ameliorated trabecular bone loss by inhibiting osteoclast formation. Conclusions: Ceritinib is beneficial in preventing bone loss by suppressing osteoclastic Akt and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling.

TiO2 Nanotubes Promote Osteogenic Differentiation Through Regulation of Yap and Piezo1.

Surface modification of titanium has been a hot topic to promote bone integration between implants and bone tissue. Titanium dioxide nanotubes fabricated on the surface of titanium by anodic oxidation have been a mature scheme that has shown to promote osteogenesis in vitro. However, mechanisms behind such a phenomenon remain elusive. In this study, we verified the enhanced osteogenesis of BMSCs on nanotopographic titanium in vitro and proved its effect in vivo by constructing a bone defect model in rats. In addition, the role of the mechanosensitive molecule Yap is studied in this research by the application of the Yap inhibitor verteporfin and knockdown/overexpression of Yap in MC3T3-E1 cells. Piezo1 is a mechanosensitive ion channel discovered in recent years and found to be elemental in bone metabolism. In our study, we preliminarily figured out the regulatory relationship between Yap and Piezo1 and proved Piezo1 as a downstream effector of Yap and nanotube-stimulated osteogenesis. In conclusion, this research proved that nanotopography promoted osteogenesis by increasing nuclear localization of Yap and activating the expression of Piezo1 downstream.

'Skywalker' surgical robot for total knee arthroplasty: An experimental sawbone study.

BACKGROUND: Currently, robot-assisted surgical systems are used to reduce the error range of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) osteotomy and component positioning. METHODS: We used 20 sawbone models of the femur and 20 sawbone models of the tibia and fibula to evaluate the osteotomy effect of 'Skywalker' robot-assisted TKA. RESULTS: The maximal movement of the cutting jig was less than 0.25 mm at each osteotomy plane. The mean and standard deviation values of the angle deviation between the planned osteotomy plane and the actual osteotomy plane at each osteotomy plane were not more than 1.03° and 0.55°, respectively. The mean and standard deviation values of absolute error of resection thickness at each osteotomy position were less than 0.78 and 0.71 mm, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The 'Skywalker' system has good osteotomy accuracy, can achieve the planned osteotomy well and is expected to assist surgeons in performing accurate TKA in clinical applications in future.