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1.
Cancer ; 130(16): 2763-2769, 2024 Aug 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38630906

RESUMO

PURPOSE: Several recurring pathogenic variants (PVs) in BRCA1/BRCA2 and additional cancer susceptibility genes are described in the ethnically diverse Israeli population. Since 2019, testing for these recurring PVs is reimbursed unselectively for all patients with breast cancer (BC) in Israel. The aim was to evaluate the yield of genotyping for these PVs in non-Ashkenazi Jewish (AJ) patients with BC diagnosed ≥age 50 years. METHODS: Clinical and genotyping data of all patients with BC undergoing oncogenetic counseling at the Oncology Institute at Sheba Medical Center from June 2017 to December 2023 were reviewed. RESULTS: Of 2706 patients with BC (mean age at diagnosis, 54 years; range, 20-92 years) counseled, 515 patients of non-AJ (all four grandparents) descent, diagnosed ≥age 50 years of age were genotyped, 55 with triple-negative BC (TNBC) and 460 with non-TNBC. One of the recurring PVs in BRCA1/BRCA2 were detected in 12.7% (7/55) of TNBC patients and 0.65% (3/460) of non-TNBC. One patient with non-TNBC had PMS2 PV. Low-penetrance variants were found in 2.5% of genotyped TNBC and in 3.7% of patients with non-TNBC, including CHEK2 c.499G>A (n = 3), APC c.3920T > A (n = 4), and heterozygous MUTYH c.1187G>A (n = 5). Following first-pass genotyping, 146 patients performed multigene panel testing, none carried a BRCA1/BRCA2 PV, and only 5/127 non-TNBC (3.9%) harbored PVs in CHEK2 (n = 2, c.846+1G>C and c.592+3A>T), ATM c.103C>T (n = 2), and NBN c.966C>G (n = 1). CONCLUSIONS: The observed low rates of PV detection in non-AJ non-TNBC cases ≥age 50 years at diagnosis, mostly for clinically insignificant variants, questions the justification of unselected genotyping in this subset of patients.


Assuntos
Proteína BRCA2 , Neoplasias da Mama , Quinase do Ponto de Checagem 2 , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Judeus , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Feminino , Idoso , Adulto , Quinase do Ponto de Checagem 2/genética , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Neoplasias da Mama/etnologia , Judeus/genética , Proteína BRCA2/genética , Proteína BRCA1/genética , Israel/epidemiologia , Genótipo , Adulto Jovem , Proteínas Mutadas de Ataxia Telangiectasia/genética , Endonuclease PMS2 de Reparo de Erro de Pareamento/genética , Proteína da Polipose Adenomatosa do Colo/genética , DNA Glicosilases/genética , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/genética , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/etnologia , Testes Genéticos/métodos
2.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39102164

RESUMO

PURPOSE: While cancer phenotypes in carriers of a single mutant allele in most major cancer susceptibility genes are well-established, there is a paucity of data on the phenotype of carriers of two pathogenic variants-double heterozygotes (DH) or homozygous carriers. Here, we describe the phenotype of carriers of homozygous and DH pathogenic sequence variants (PSVs) in major cancer susceptibility genes. METHODS: Individuals referred for multigene panel testing at Blueprint Genetics laboratory were included. Ethically approved comparison of cancer type and age at diagnosis between DH, homozygous, and single PSV carriers was performed per gene. RESULTS: Of 6,685 eligible participants, 928 (13.9%) were single heterozygous PSV carriers, 6 (0.09%) were homozygous PSV carriers, and 17 (0.25%) were DH PSV carriers. Mean age at diagnosis of any cancer among single PSV age was 46.8 ± 14.9 years and among DH PSV carriers 37.6 ± 13.0 years (P < 0.0001). Notably, age at diagnosis for breast cancer among single BRCA1 PSV carriers (n = 59) was 43.8 ± 8.7 years (p = 0.7606), among single BRCA2 PSV carriers (n = 52)-47.9 ± 13.0 years (p = 0.2274) compared with 42.3 ± 13.0 years among DH PSV carriers (n = 10- 9 of whom were carriers of either BRCA1 or BRCA2). CONCLUSION: DH for PSV in two cancer susceptibility genes is a rare event, and the mean age at cancer diagnosis is younger in DH PSV carriers compared with single PSV carriers.

3.
Harefuah ; 162(6): 370-375, 2023 Jun.
Artigo em Hebraico | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37394440

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) is predominantly accounted for by pathogenic variants (PVs) in BRCA1/BRCA2 genes. Population screening for recurring PVs in Ashkenazi Jews (AJ) was incorporated into the Israeli health basket in 2020, increasing the identification of BRCA carriers. Information on cancer risks for each PV in Israel is limited. AIMS: To assess genotype phenotype correlations of recurring BRCA PVs in Israeli carriers. METHODS: A retrospective cohort of 3,478 BRCA carriers followed-up in 12 medical centers, comprising the HBOC Consortium, formed the basis of the study. Data were collected using the electronic database, and analyzed by Chi square, t-tests and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. RESULTS: Overall, 2145 BRCA1, 1131 BRCA2, and 22 double heterozygote PV carriers were analyzed. BRCA1 carriers had more cases of cancer (53.1% vs. 44.8%, p<0.001), ovarian cancer (OC) (17.1% vs. 10.6%, p<0.001), younger age at breast cancer (BC) (45.4 ±11.6SD years vs. 49.1 ±11.1SD years, p<0.001) and OC diagnosis (52.8 ±10.1SD yrs. vs. 61±10.6SD yrs. p<0.001), and more family history of BC (64.5% vs. 59.0%, p<0.001) and OC (36.7% vs. 27.3%, p<0.001) compared with BRCA2 carriers. Carriers of BRCA15382insC had more BC and less OC than BRCA1185delAG: 46.4% vs. 38.6% and 12.9% vs. 17.6% (p<0.04), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In our population, similar to others, BRCA1 carriers have higher cancer rates and earlier age at diagnosis compared with BRCA2 carriers. The two recurring BRCA1 PVs have different risks: 5382insC carriers had more BC; 185delAG carriers had more OC. Risk-reducing measures should be based on variant-specific cancer risk.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama , Neoplasias Ovarianas , Humanos , Feminino , Israel/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Genes BRCA1 , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia , Proteína BRCA2/genética , Neoplasias Ovarianas/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Ovarianas/genética , Neoplasias Ovarianas/patologia , Proteína BRCA1/genética , Neoplasias da Mama/epidemiologia , Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Estudos de Associação Genética , Judeus/genética , Mutação , Predisposição Genética para Doença
4.
Breast Cancer Res Treat ; 196(2): 355-361, 2022 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36094610

RESUMO

PURPOSE: Cancer risks conferred by germline, heterozygous, ATM pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants (PSVs) are yet to be consistently determined. The current study assessed these risks by analysis of a large dataset of ATM heterozygote loss of function (LOF) and missense PSV carriers tested with a multigene panel (MGP). METHODS: De-identified data of all individuals who underwent ATM sequencing as part of MGP between October 2015 and February 2020 were reviewed. In cancer cases, rates for the six most prevalent variants and for all LOF and missense PSV combined were compared with rates of the same PSV in ethnically matched, healthy population controls. Statistical analysis included Chi-square tests and odds ratios calculations. RESULTS: For female breast cancer cases, LOF )1794/219,269) and missense (301/219,269) ATM PSVs were seen at higher rates compared to gnomAD non-cancer controls (n = 157/56,001 and n = 27/61,208; p < 0.00001, respectively). Notably, the rate of the c.103C > T variant was higher in controls than in breast cancer cases [p = 0.001; OR 0.31 (95% CI 0.1-0.6)]. For all cancer cases combined, compared with non-cancer population controls, LOF (n = 143) and missense (n = 15) PSVs reported in both datasets were significantly more prevalent in cancer cases [ORLOF 1.7 (95% 1.5-1.9) ORmissense 3.0 (95% CI 2.3-4); p = 0.0001]. CONCLUSION: Both LOF and missense heterozygous ATM PSVs are more frequently detected in cases of several cancer types (breast, ovarian, prostate, lung, pancreatic) compared with healthy population controls. However, not all ATM PSVs confer an increased cancer risk (e.g., breast).


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias da Mama/epidemiologia , Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Mutação de Sentido Incorreto , Perda de Heterozigosidade , Heterozigoto , Proteínas Mutadas de Ataxia Telangiectasia/genética
5.
Cancer Causes Control ; 33(10): 1277-1284, 2022 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35871439

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: There are limited data on whether primary diagnosis of meningioma may be associated with development of secondary primary cancer (SPC). METHODS: All meningioma cases (ICD-O-3 morphology codes 9530/0-9539/3) diagnosed in Jewish Israelis ≥ 20 years 1990 through 2015 registered in the Israel National Cancer Registry (INCR) were retrieved. All subsequent cancers occurring more than 6 months after meningioma diagnosis were identified. Risk of secondary cancer (SPC) was compared to cancer risk in the general population through the calculation of standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and excess absolute risks (EARs). SIRs were stratified by type of second cancer, sex, and age group. Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios of developing SPC. RESULTS: Overall, 8044 meningioma cases were identified: mean age at diagnosis was 64.0 ± 14.1 years. Of these, 927 (11.5%) were diagnosed with SPC (SIR 1.6, 95% CI 1.5-1.7). SPC risk was elevated in men (SIR 1.6, 95% CI 1.5-1.9) and women (SIR 1.6, 95% CI 1.5-1.8) diagnosed with meningioma in univariable analyses. Cancers most commonly encountered in the studied population were breast (17.6%), colorectal (13.4%), lung (8.1%), prostate (5%), and bladder (4.6%) cancer. In multivariable analyses, 10+ year increment in age at meningioma diagnosis was significantly associated with higher risk for SPC in individuals diagnosed with meningioma between 20 and 64 years, with an inverse association in the older age group (65+ years). CONCLUSIONS: Meningioma diagnosis is associated with an increased risk for developing secondary cancers. This risk should be discussed with patients treated for meningioma.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Meníngeas , Meningioma , Segunda Neoplasia Primária , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Israel/epidemiologia , Masculino , Neoplasias Meníngeas/epidemiologia , Meningioma/diagnóstico , Meningioma/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Segunda Neoplasia Primária/epidemiologia , Segunda Neoplasia Primária/etiologia , Sistema de Registros , Fatores de Risco , Adulto Jovem
6.
BMC Cancer ; 22(1): 706, 2022 Jun 27.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35761208

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Clinical management of women carrying a germline pathogenic variant (PV) in the BRCA1/2 genes demands for accurate age-dependent estimators of breast cancer (BC) risks, which were found to be affected by a variety of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Here we assess the contribution of polygenic risk scores (PRSs) to the occurrence of extreme phenotypes with respect to age at onset, namely, primary BC diagnosis before the age of 35 years (early diagnosis, ED) and cancer-free survival until the age of 60 years (late/no diagnosis, LD) in female BRCA1/2 PV carriers. METHODS: Overall, estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, and ER-negative BC PRSs as developed by Kuchenbaecker et al. for BC risk discrimination in female BRCA1/2 PV carriers were employed for PRS computation in a curated sample of 295 women of European descent carrying PVs in the BRCA1 (n=183) or the BRCA2 gene (n=112), and did either fulfill the ED criteria (n=162, mean age at diagnosis: 28.3 years, range: 20 to 34 years) or the LD criteria (n=133). Binomial logistic regression was applied to assess the association of standardized PRSs with either ED or LD under adjustment for patient recruitment criteria for germline testing and localization of BRCA1/2 PVs in the corresponding BC or ovarian cancer (OC) cluster regions. RESULTS: For BRCA1 PV carriers, the standardized overall BC PRS displayed the strongest association with ED (odds ratio (OR) = 1.62; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.16-2.31, p<0.01). Additionally, statistically significant associations of selection for the patient recruitment criteria for germline testing and localization of pathogenic PVs outside the BRCA1 OC cluster region with ED were observed. For BRCA2 PV carriers, the standardized PRS for ER-negative BC displayed the strongest association (OR = 2.27, 95% CI: 1.45-3.78, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: PRSs contribute to the development of extreme phenotypes of female BRCA1/2 PV carriers with respect to age at primary BC diagnosis. Construction of optimized PRS SNP sets for BC risk stratification in BRCA1/2 PV carriers should be the task of future studies with larger, well-defined study samples. Furthermore, our results provide further evidence, that localization of PVs in BC/OC cluster regions might be considered in BC risk calculations for unaffected BRCA1/2 PV carriers.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama , Neoplasias Ovarianas , Idade de Início , Proteína BRCA1/genética , Proteína BRCA2/genética , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Feminino , Genes BRCA2 , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Humanos , Mutação , Neoplasias Ovarianas/genética , Fatores de Risco
7.
Hum Mutat ; 42(5): 592-599, 2021 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33600035

RESUMO

BAP1 germline pathogenic sequence variants (PSVs) underlie a unique tumor predisposition syndrome (BAP1-TPDS) associated with an increased lifetime risk for developing primarily pleural and peritoneal mesothelioma and uveal and cutaneous melanoma. Overwhelmingly, BAP1 PSVs are unique, family-specific inactivating variants. We identified seven families, six of Jewish Iraqi origin, harboring an identical BAP1 splice variant (c.783+2T>C), currently assigned a "likely pathogenic" status. Given a nonclassical BAP1-TPDS tumor type clustering and low penetrance in these families, the pathogenicity of this variant was re-evaluated by a combined approach including literature analysis, revised bioinformatics analysis, allelic loss, effect on the transcript, and tumor protein expression patterns. None of the three available tumors showed an allelic loss, there was no discernable effect on alternative splicing based on reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, and there was no decrease or loss of somatic protein expression in 2/3 analyzed tumors. This led to assigning a Benign Strong (BS) criteria, BS4, supporting BS3 criteria, and weakening the Pathogenic Supporting (PP) criteria PP5. Combined, these data suggest that this sequence variant should be reclassified as a variant of unknown significance by American College of Medical Genetics (ACMG) criteria.


Assuntos
Melanoma , Neoplasias Cutâneas , Neoplasias Uveais , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Mutação em Linhagem Germinativa , Humanos , Melanoma/genética , Melanoma/patologia , Proteínas Supressoras de Tumor/genética , Ubiquitina Tiolesterase/genética , Neoplasias Uveais/patologia
8.
Cancer ; 127(19): 3599-3604, 2021 10 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34157778

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Several recurring pathogenic variants in BRCA1/BRCA2 and other cancer susceptibility genes are encountered in ethnically diverse Jewish populations. The yield of genotyping for these recurring pathogenic variants in healthy Israeli individuals unselected for ethnicity, sex, or a family history of cancer has not been previously reported. METHODS: Individuals voluntarily participating in annual medical surveillance at the Institute of Medical Screening of Sheba Medical Center were offered genotyping for predominant pathogenic variants in BRCA1/BRCA2 and recurring variants in CHEK2, MUTYH, APC, and the Lynch syndrome genes via a chip-based assay at the oncogenetic service of Sheba Medical Center from May 15, 2018, to December 15, 2020. All study participants were unrelated to one another. The study was approved by the Sheba ethics committee. RESULTS: Overall, 1764 individuals, including 1008 females (57%), with a mean age of 54.2 years (range, 25-86 years) were genotyped. The yield of the testing was 4% (71 of 1764), and it was higher in Ashkenazi Jews (AJs) and mixed AJ-non-AJ participants (4.75% [58 of 1222]; 1.8% for BRCA1/BRCA2 pathogenic variants) than non-AJ patients (2.2% [9 of 401]; 1% for BRCA1 pathogenic variants). When BRCA1/BRCA2 pathogenic variants were excluded, 2.44% carried low-penetrance variants, including CHEK2 c.1283C>T (n = 3), APC c.3920T>A (n = 36), and heterozygous MUTYH c.1187G>A (n = 4). A family history of cancer was not associated with a higher yield of pathogenic variant detection. CONCLUSIONS: The observed rates of positive genotyping in a healthy, unselected, multiethnic Israeli population warrant consideration of the inclusion of targeted genotyping of selected pathogenic variants in high-penetrance and perhaps lower penetrance cancer susceptibility genes for all Jewish individuals in Israel, regardless of their ethnicity or family history of cancer.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia , Proteína BRCA1/genética , Proteína BRCA2/genética , Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Feminino , Genes BRCA2 , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Genótipo , Mutação em Linhagem Germinativa , Heterozigoto , Humanos , Judeus/genética , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/genética
9.
Breast Cancer Res Treat ; 186(1): 259-263, 2021 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33449224

RESUMO

PURPOSE: The co-occurrence or double heterozygosity of pathogenic/likely pathogenic sequence variants (P/LPSVs) in major cancer susceptibility genes has rarely been reported. Such co-occurrence raises the issues of accurate genetic counseling, preferred recommended surveillance scheme, and the use of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD). METHODS: A clinical report of an Ashkenazi Jewish (AJ) family with co occurrence of two PSVs in BRCA1 and TP53 and a literature search. RESULTS: In an AJ family with a substantial history of cancer limited to the maternal side, two siblings co-harbored TP53 (c.733C>A; p.G245S) and the predominant 5266dup BRCA1 mutation, originating from the mother and the father, respectively. PGD is ongoing. Four families were thus far reported as double heterozygotes for both BRCA1/BRCA2 and TP53. Based on the limited available data, it seems that the phenotype in double PSV heterozygotes is not more severe than in single PSV carrier in either gene. CONCLUSIONS: This family highlights the need to genotype both parents, especially in populations with founder mutations, when a BRCA1 mutation is detected in an offspring, regardless of family history. The combination of mutations in these two genes presents a challenge for PGD since both genes are located on chromosome 17.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama , Testes Genéticos , Proteína BRCA1/genética , Proteína BRCA2/genética , Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Feminino , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Humanos , Judeus/genética , Mutação , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/genética
10.
Breast Cancer Res Treat ; 185(2): 391-399, 2021 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33000375

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The rate of risk-reducing bilateral mastectomy (RRBM) among cancer-free Israeli female BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation carriers was reportedly 13% in 2010. Current RRBM rates in Israel and factors seemingly associated with opting for RRBM were reevaluated. METHODS: Israeli female cancer-free BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation carriers, who were followed at the high-risk clinic at Sheba Medical Center between January 2011 and April 2020 were eligible. Univariate Cox regression and log-rank test were used to study the crude association between potential predictors and performance of RRBM. RESULTS: Overall, 427 cancer-free BRCA1 (n = 218) or BRCA2 (n = 209) mutation carriers were included. Median age at genotyping was 33.6 years (interquartile range 26.8-41.8 years), median follow-up 4.4 years (range 0.1-7.6 years). Overall, 41/427 (9.6%) participants underwent RRBM, all of them within 5 years of genotyping. Being married (HR-2.57, p = 0.017) and having a first degree relative with breast cancer (BC) (HR-2.19, p = 0.017) were positively associated with RRBM, whereas any previous benign breast biopsy was negatively associated (HR-0.48, p = 0.029) with performing RRBM. CONCLUSIONS: RRBM is still infrequently elected by Israeli BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation carriers, with married women with one relative with BC who have not undergone previous breast biopsy more likely to opt for RRBM.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama , Mastectomia , Adulto , Proteína BRCA1/genética , Proteína BRCA2/genética , Neoplasias da Mama/epidemiologia , Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Neoplasias da Mama/cirurgia , Feminino , Heterozigoto , Humanos , Israel/epidemiologia , Mutação
11.
Genes Chromosomes Cancer ; 59(9): 503-516, 2020 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32337806

RESUMO

Activating point mutations in two codons (R201 and Q227) in the alpha subunit of the stimulatory GTP binding protein (GNAS) gene-coined gsp mutations-were originally reported in growth hormone secreting pituitary adenomas. In these tumor types, gsp activating mutations were associated with uncontrolled intracellular cAMP accumulation leading to cellular proliferation and tumor formation. Since the original description of gsp mutations in pituitary and later thyroid neoplasia, many more tumors were genotyped for these specific activating mutations. In this paradigm, GNAS is an oncogene that can be activated by other molecular mechanisms, such as DNA amplification and translocation. Herein, we describe the largest account to date of tumor types that harbor pathogenic GNAS genomic alterations (GAs) including the "classical" gsp activating point mutations, delineate some common features of these tumors, and speculate as to the possible mechanisms whereby GNAS activating GAs are associated with the various stages of tumorigenesis.


Assuntos
Cromograninas/genética , Subunidades alfa Gs de Proteínas de Ligação ao GTP/genética , Neoplasias/genética , Dosagem de Genes , Frequência do Gene , Rearranjo Gênico , Humanos , Mutação Puntual
12.
Breast Cancer Res Treat ; 181(2): 445-453, 2020 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32303989

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Carriers of pathogenic variants (PVs) in moderate-high-penetrance cancer susceptibility genes are offered tailored surveillance schemes for early cancer diagnosis. The clinical implications of low-penetrance variant carriers are less clear. METHODS: Clinical and demographic data were retrieved for a cohort of Israeli individuals who underwent oncogenetic testing by the 30-gene cancer panel at Color Genomics laboratory, between 04/2013 and 12/2018. RESULTS: Of 758 genotyped individuals, 504 had been diagnosed with cancer prior to testing: 283 (56%) had breast cancer and 106 (21%) colorectal cancer. Pathogenic or likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants were detected in 123 (16%) individuals. Overall, 44 different P/LP variants were detected in 18/30 cancer susceptibility genes; 20 of them were founder/recurrent mutations. Of the carriers, 39 (32%), 10 (8%), and 74 (60%) carried high-, moderate-, or low-penetrance variants, respectively. After excluding low-penetrance variants, 7% (33/504) of all cancer patients, 6% of breast or ovarian cancer patients were found to be carriers, as well as 7% (14/203) of individuals with colonic polyps, and 4% (11/254) of cancer-free individuals. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnostic yield of moderate- and high-penetrance PVs using multigene panel testing was 6%, with 3.7% carriers of non-recurrent PVs. This yield should be discussed during pre-test counseling, and emphasizes the need for harmonized recommendations regarding clinical implications of low-penetrance variants.


Assuntos
Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico , Detecção Precoce de Câncer/métodos , Etnicidade/genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Testes Genéticos/métodos , Mutação , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Neoplasias da Mama/epidemiologia , Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Estudos de Coortes , Etnicidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Israel/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Penetrância , Prognóstico , Adulto Jovem
13.
Genet Res (Camb) ; 102: e3, 2020 05 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32354376

RESUMO

Pheochromocytoma (PCC) is a rare, mostly benign tumour of the adrenal medulla. Hereditary PCC accounts for ~35% of cases and has been associated with germline mutations in several cancer susceptibility genes (e.g., KIF1B, SDHB, VHL, SDHD, RET). We performed whole-exome sequencing in a family with four PCC-affected patients in two consecutive generations and identified a potential novel candidate pathogenic variant in the REXO2 gene that affects splicing (c.531-1G>T (NM 015523.3)), which co-segregated with the phenotype in the family. REXO2 encodes for RNA exonuclease 2 protein and localizes to 11q23, a chromosomal region displaying allelic imbalance in PCC. REXO2 protein has been associated with DNA repair, replication and recombination processes and thus its inactivation may contribute to tumorigenesis. While the study suggests that this novel REXO2 gene variant underlies PCC in this family, additional functional studies are required in order to establish the putative role of the REXO2 gene in PCC predisposition.


Assuntos
Proteínas 14-3-3/genética , Neoplasias das Glândulas Suprarrenais/genética , Exorribonucleases/genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Mutação em Linhagem Germinativa , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/genética , Feocromocitoma/genética , Splicing de RNA , Adolescente , Neoplasias das Glândulas Suprarrenais/patologia , Adulto , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/patologia , Feocromocitoma/patologia , Sequenciamento do Exoma/métodos , Adulto Jovem
14.
Hum Mutat ; 40(11): e1-e23, 2019 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31209999

RESUMO

BRCA1 BRCA2 mutational spectrum in the Middle East, North Africa, and Southern Europe is not well characterized. The unique history and cultural practices characterizing these regions, often involving consanguinity and inbreeding, plausibly led to the accumulation of population-specific founder pathogenic sequence variants (PSVs). To determine recurring BRCA PSVs in these locales, a search in PUBMED, EMBASE, BIC, and CIMBA was carried out combined with outreach to researchers from the relevant countries for unpublished data. We identified 232 PSVs in BRCA1 and 239 in BRCA2 in 25 of 33 countries surveyed. Common PSVs that were detected in four or more countries were c.5266dup (p.Gln1756Profs), c.181T>G (p.Cys61Gly), c.68_69del (p.Glu23Valfs), c.5030_5033del (p.Thr1677Ilefs), c.4327C>T (p.Arg1443Ter), c.5251C>T (p.Arg1751Ter), c.1016dup (p.Val340Glyfs), c.3700_3704del (p.Val1234Glnfs), c.4065_4068del (p.Asn1355Lysfs), c.1504_1508del (p.Leu502Alafs), c.843_846del (p.Ser282Tyrfs), c.798_799del (p.Ser267Lysfs), and c.3607C>T (p.Arg1203Ter) in BRCA1 and c.2808_2811del (p.Ala938Profs), c.5722_5723del (p.Leu1908Argfs), c.9097dup (p.Thr3033Asnfs), c.1310_1313del (p. p.Lys437Ilefs), and c.5946del (p.Ser1982Argfs) for BRCA2. Notably, some mutations (e.g., p.Asn257Lysfs (c.771_775del)) were observed in unrelated populations. Thus, seemingly genotyping recurring BRCA PSVs in specific populations may provide first pass BRCA genotyping platform.


Assuntos
Proteína BRCA1/genética , Proteína BRCA2/genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Variação Genética , Grupos Populacionais/genética , África do Norte , Alelos , População Negra , Mineração de Dados , Bases de Dados Genéticas , Europa (Continente) , Genótipo , Humanos , Oriente Médio , Projetos de Pesquisa , População Branca
15.
Cancer ; 125(5): 698-703, 2019 03 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30489631

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: BRCA1/2 mutation carriers have an increased risk of developing ovarian cancer, leading to the recommendation of risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) at 35-40 years of age. The role, if any, that BRCA mutations play in conferring uterine cancer risk, is unresolved. METHOD: Jewish Israeli women, carriers of one of the predominant Jewish mutations in BRCA1/2 from 1998 to 2016, were recruited. Cancer diagnoses were determined through the Israeli National Cancer Registry. Uterine cancer risk was assessed by computing the standardized incidence ratio of observed-to-expected number of cases, using the exact 2-sided P value of Poisson count. RESULTS: Overall, 2627 eligible mutation carriers were recruited from 1998 to 2016, 2312 (88%) of whom were Ashkenazi Jews (1463 BRCA1, 1154 BRCA2 mutation carriers, 10 double mutation carriers). Among these participants, 1310 underwent RRSO without hysterectomy at a mean (± standard deviation) age of 43.6 years (± 4.4 years). During 32,774 women-years of follow up, 14 women developed uterine cancer, and the observed-to-expected rate of all histological subtypes was 3.98 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.17-6.67; P < .001). For serous papillary (n = 5), the observed-to-expected ratio was 14.29 (95% CI, 4.64-33.34; P < .001), and for sarcoma (n = 4) it was 37.74 (95% CI, 10.28-96.62). These rates were also higher than those detected in a group of 1844 age- and ethnicity-matched women (53% with breast cancer). CONCLUSION: Israeli BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers are at an increased risk for developing uterine cancer, especially serous papillary and sarcoma. These elevated risks of uterine cancer should be discussed with BRCA carriers.


Assuntos
Proteína BRCA1/genética , Proteína BRCA2/genética , Judeus/genética , Mutação , Neoplasias Ovarianas/cirurgia , Neoplasias Uterinas/genética , Adenocarcinoma Papilar/epidemiologia , Adenocarcinoma Papilar/genética , Adulto , Cistadenocarcinoma Seroso/epidemiologia , Cistadenocarcinoma Seroso/genética , Feminino , Triagem de Portadores Genéticos/métodos , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Humanos , Israel/etnologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Ovarianas/genética , Sistema de Registros , Estudos Retrospectivos , Salpingo-Ooforectomia , Sarcoma/epidemiologia , Sarcoma/genética , Neoplasias Uterinas/epidemiologia
16.
Breast Cancer Res Treat ; 176(1): 165-170, 2019 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30980208

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Studies assessing the contribution of non-BRCA1/2 gene mutations to inherited breast cancer (BC) predisposition consistently reported low (up to 4%) yield. The current study aimed at assessing the spectrum of non-BRCA mutations in unselected Israeli BC cases and the utility of BRCAPRO and Penn II models, as tools for prediction of detecting non-BRCA1/2 mutations in Israeli BC patients who tested negative for the predominant Jewish BRCA1/2 mutations. METHODS: All consecutive Jewish Israeli BC patients at the Sheba Medical center who tested negative for the predominant BRCA1/2 mutations and elected to perform multigene panel testing were included. For each patient probability of BRCA mutation detection was calculated by the Penn II algorithm and the BRCAPRO tool. RESULTS: Overall, 144 cases were included (median age at diagnosis was 48, range 20-73 years); 48% were Ashkenazim. One patient harbored a non-founder BRCA1 mutation (c.5434C>G; p.P1812A). Pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) mutations in non-BRCA1/2 genes were detected in additional 14/144 patients, including CHEK2 (n = 5), RAD51D (n = 2), MSH6 (n = 2), and one each in ATM, RET, TP53, NBN, and BAP1. Using a cutoff of 15% probability of BRCA mutation detection, both models accurately predicted the observed carrier rate of non-BRCA mutations. CONCLUSIONS: In unselected Jewish Israeli BC patients, the rate of detecting non-founder BRCA1/2 mutations is low, with CHEK2 mutations detected in 3.4% of cases. BRCA1/2 mutation prediction models may be utilized for selecting patients eligible for further multigene panel testing after exclusion of predominant BRCA1/2 mutations.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Genes BRCA1 , Genes BRCA2 , Testes Genéticos , Mutação , Adulto , Idoso , Algoritmos , Alelos , Biomarcadores Tumorais , Análise Mutacional de DNA , Feminino , Estudos de Associação Genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Genótipo , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico
17.
Cancer Causes Control ; 30(1): 97-101, 2019 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30498870

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Whether breast cancer (BC) should be considered within the spectrum of tumors in Lynch syndrome (LS) is unsettled. Recently, MSH6 and PMS2 germline mutations have reportedly been associated with an increased BC risk and with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) phenotype. We assessed the rates of the recurring Ashkenazi Jewish (AJ) mutations in the MSH6 gene (c.3984_3987dupGTCA and c.3959_3962delCAAG) in AJ cases with seemingly sporadic BC or HBOC phenotype, who were negative for the founder AJ BRCA1/2 mutations. METHODS: All AJ individuals, affected with BC ≤ 70 years and/or ovarian cancer at any age who were counseled, genotyped and tested negative for the BRCA1/2 founder mutations between January 2010 and February 2018 at the Oncogenetics unit, Sheba Medical Center, were genotyped for the AJ mutations in MSH6. RESULTS: Of 1016 genotyped participants (815 BC cases, 132 ovarian cancer cases, and 69 with more than one cancer), five carriers (0.49%) of the recurring AJ mutations in MSH6 were identified. All had BC, and two had personal history of additional cancers (pancreatic, endometrial, colorectal). The rate of MSH6 mutations was 0.93% (4/429) when considering only cases with a personal or first-degree relative with LS-related cancer, and 0.17% (1/587) of cases with second-degree relative or no family history of LS-related cancers (p = 0.087). CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest the spectrum of genotyped mutations in AJ BC patients with a personal or family history of LS-related cancers should be expanded. These data should be validated in other populations with a similar phenotype.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/genética , Judeus , Neoplasias Ovarianas/genética , Adulto , Idoso , Proteína BRCA1 , Neoplasias Colorretais Hereditárias sem Polipose/genética , Feminino , Mutação em Linhagem Germinativa , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem
18.
Breast Cancer Res Treat ; 170(2): 399-404, 2018 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29560538

RESUMO

PURPOSE: To define the mutational spectrum of several candidate gene mutations in Israeli male breast cancer cases. METHODS: MBC cases counselled at the Oncogenetics unit, Sheba Medical Center from January 1998 to June 2017 were included. Relevant clinical and oncological data and cancer phenotype were retrieved. All participants were genotyped for the predominant Jewish BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline mutations using a chip-based assay. Those who tested negative were further genotyped for three recurring mutations in CHEK2 (c.1100delC, p.S428F, p.I157T), and single mutations in the FANCM (c.5791C>T), and RAD51D (c.556C>T) genes, by direct sequencing. The ethics committee approved the study. RESULTS: Overall, 61 MBC were identified and genotyped, 41 (67.2%) were Ashkenazim, age at diagnosis was 58.1 ± 12.6 years, and 31 (50.8%) had a family history of cancer. Of genotyped individuals, one (1.6%) harboured the 185delAG* BRCA1 mutation, 7 (11.4%) the 6174delT*BRCA2 mutation and 2 (3.2%) other recurring mutations in BRCA2 (overall 10/61-16.4% BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation carriers). Of BRCA-negative cases, 3/51 (5.9%) carried the p.S428F *CHEK2 mutation. None was a carrier of the other genotyped mutations in CHEK2, FANCM or RAD51D. CONCLUSION: BRCA1, BRCA2 and CHEK2 germline mutations contribute to inherited predisposition to MBC in Israel.


Assuntos
Biomarcadores Tumorais , Neoplasias da Mama Masculina/genética , Mutação , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Neoplasias da Mama Masculina/epidemiologia , Análise Mutacional de DNA , Genes BRCA1 , Genes BRCA2 , Aconselhamento Genético , Genótipo , Mutação em Linhagem Germinativa , Humanos , Israel/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
19.
Breast Cancer Res Treat ; 168(1): 277-281, 2018 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29168065

RESUMO

PURPOSE: Several common genetic variants (single-nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs) have been shown to be associated with breast cancer (BC) risk in the general population, and to modify BC risk for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. Co-localization of variable number of tandem repeats (VNTRs) with these BC-associated SNPS has not been comprehensively studied. METHODS: Cross referencing of genome-wide VNTRs with the known BC genome-wide association studies (GWAS) SNPs significantly associated with increased risk for developing breast cancer was carried out. Analysis was based on the overlap between the VNTRs and 10-kb windows around these BC-susceptibility SNPs. RESULTS: Cross referencing of the 1.2 million TR with the 161 known BC-associated SNPs in the general population led to 690 matches. Of those, in 17 VNTRs, the SNP was within the VNTR. Analysis restricted to loci known to modify BC penetrance in BRCA1 (n = 31) and BRCA2 (n = 33) mutation carriers led to 139 and 170 co-localization matches, respectively. For these, none of the SNPs were within the VNTR. The distances between the SNPs and the VNTRs were not significantly different from what was expected to occur by chance alone (p = 0.61; p = 0.44; p = 0.25, respectively). CONCLUSION: There is no evidence that VNTRs co-localize with currently reported SNP tagged BC GWAS loci.


Assuntos
Proteína BRCA1/genética , Proteína BRCA2/genética , Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Feminino , Loci Gênicos/genética , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Humanos , Repetições Minissatélites/genética , Penetrância , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único/genética
20.
Breast Cancer Res Treat ; 167(3): 697-702, 2018 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29086229

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Hereditary breast cancer is predominantly associated with germline mutations in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes. A few recurring mutations in these genes were reported in ethnically diverse Jewish populations. Since 2013, most oncogenetic laboratories in Israel adopted a two-step approach for BRCA1/2 genotyping, where the first step is genotyping for 14 seemingly recurring mutations-first-pass genotyping. The aim of this study was to assess the yield of this targeted BRCA sequencing. METHODS: Clinical and genotyping data of all individuals who underwent oncogenetic counseling and first-pass BRCA genotyping at the Oncogenetic Service Sheba and Assaf Harofeh Medical Centers from 1 February 2013 to 30 June 2017 were reviewed. All study participants were unrelated to each other. RESULTS: Overall, 5152 oncogenetic tests were reviewed in the present study, of which 4452 had no a priori known familial mutation. The majority of participants (68.6%) were genotyped because of personal history of cancer; 20.6% were tested because of family history of cancer, and details for the remaining 10.7% were missing. Overall, 256/4452 (5.8%) carriers were detected, 141 BRCA1 and 115 BRCA2 mutation carriers. In 54% of cancer-free carriers, no clinically suspicious family history of cancer was ascertained. CONCLUSIONS: The currently used scheme of first-pass genotyping in Israel seems to have a high yield of mutation detection even in the absence of a significant family history of cancer. The challenge is to optimize the currently used targeted panel of common mutations and adjust it to the accumulating new data in the Israeli population.


Assuntos
Proteína BRCA1/genética , Proteína BRCA2/genética , Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Adulto , Idoso , Neoplasias da Mama/epidemiologia , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Feminino , Testes Genéticos , Genótipo , Mutação em Linhagem Germinativa/genética , Heterozigoto , Humanos , Judeus/genética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mutação , Neoplasias Ovarianas/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Ovarianas/genética , Neoplasias Ovarianas/patologia
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