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1.
Aging Ment Health ; 26(11): 2136-2148, 2022 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34284657

RESUMO

Objectives: A growing number of life course studies are examining the influence of earlier life experiences on morbidity, disability, and mortality in mid-old age.Method: Drawing from the social pathway model, this study expands the life course literature by utilizing data collected over 35 years from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1979 Cohort, spanning four life course phases (childhood, young adulthood, middle adulthood, and late-middle adulthood). Through structural equation analyses with a phantom model, we estimated depressive symptoms in late middle age as a result of pathway effects starting with childhood socio-economic status (SES) which effect young adulthood and middle adulthood. The multi-pathway life course model includes three potential mediators of middle adulthood: health risk behaviors, social activity, and negative life events.Results: We found limited support for a direct effect of childhood SES disadvantage on depressive symptoms in middle age. Instead, much of the effects of childhood SES on later-year depressive symptoms appear to be mediated by SES in young adulthood. Further, the long-term pathway is mediated through the influence of health risk behaviors and negative life events in middle adulthood.Conclusion: Our findings do not propose this chain is permanent and irreversible; rather, this study highlights the possibility that interventions focused on promoting health behaviors and improving living conditions for people from socioeconomically disadvantaged backgrounds could help reduce the instance of depression in middle age and health outcomes along the life course could be improved.


Assuntos
Depressão , Classe Social , Humanos , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Adolescente , Depressão/epidemiologia , Depressão/diagnóstico , Estudos Longitudinais , Acontecimentos que Mudam a Vida , Estudos de Coortes
2.
Aggress Behav ; 47(3): 364-374, 2021 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33624339

RESUMO

The current study examined and compared the relative influence of ecological factors on youth antisocial behaviors (i.e., aggression and rule-breaking) using longitudinal data while assessing the moderating effect of youth attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosis. The study used the fifth and sixth wave of data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (n = 2595; mean age = 9.26 at wave five) for the analysis. Multivariate models show that youth ADHD, physically and psychologically abusive parenting, peer victimization, and community cohesion were important predictors of youth antisocial behaviors. Furthermore, youth ADHD diagnosis moderated some associations between the ecological factors and antisocial behaviors, suggesting that youth with and without ADHD may respond to some ecological contexts differently regarding the concerning behaviors. The findings imply that interventions targeting youth antisocial behaviors should involve collaboration across systems and coordination across programs to tackle a multilayered ecological context, especially when youth with ADHD are involved.


Assuntos
Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade , Bullying , Vítimas de Crime , Adolescente , Agressão , Transtorno da Personalidade Antissocial/epidemiologia , Criança , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais
3.
Subst Use Misuse ; 56(10): 1516-1526, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34196571

RESUMO

Background: Cigarette and other tobacco product use among youth has become a serious public health issue in the United States. Thus, it is important to understand the social and contextural factors of cigarette use, especially for the young population. This study explores the relationship between participation in the National School Lunch Program (NSLP) and youth cigarettes use. Further, this study examines how this relationship differs across racial/ethnic groups. Methods: The 2016 Arizona Youth Survey (n = 34,373) data and multivariate logistic regressions were used to examine the association between NSLP participation (free and reduced-cost) and youth cigarette use, both lifetime and past 30-day smoking behaviors. In addition, subgroup analyses were conducted to test the racial disparities in NSLP participation and cigarette use. Results: Results showed that free lunch participation was associated with significantly higher odds of youth cigarette use, both lifetime (OR = 1.25; p < .001) and in the past 30-days (OR = 1.14; p < .05). However, reduced-cost lunch participation was associated with significantly higher odds only for lifetime cigarette use (OR = 1.20; p < .01). Subgroup analyses revealed differences across the six racial/ethnic groups. White and Latinx youth showed a significant relationship between NSLP participation and lifetime cigarette smoking, whereas only Latinx youth showed a significant relationship between NSLP participation and past 30-day smoking. Implications: The findings suggest that intervention approaches to smoking cessation and prevention should be tailored to different racial/ethnic groups to account for their differences. Given the findings that youth (especially Latinxs) who participate in free and reduced-cost lunch programs are at a higher risk of using cigarettes than youth who do not, this study suggests that health intervention programs can enhance their reach and effectiveness by building partnerships with schools with sizable NSLP programs.


Assuntos
Abandono do Hábito de Fumar , Produtos do Tabaco , Adolescente , Arizona/epidemiologia , Humanos , Almoço , Instituições Acadêmicas , Estados Unidos
4.
Child Psychiatry Hum Dev ; 45(4): 433-42, 2014 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24276393

RESUMO

School bullying is a serious social problem that results in potentially severe and long lasting consequences for youth, parents, teachers, and school officials. Commensurate with the serious nature and outcomes of bullying, there has been a number of bullying prevention and intervention programs and measures in schools. The current review provides a synthesis and evaluation of the existing research on bullying prevention and intervention strategies in South Korean schools, set within Bronfenbrenner's social-ecological contexts, including the micro- (i.e., family, peer, school), meso- (i.e., family-school), and macro- (i.e., religion, policies) systems. We also discuss the strengths and limitations of the research reviewed and provide directions for future research focusing on major empirical gaps in the literature on bullying prevention and intervention strategies in South Korea.


Assuntos
Bullying/psicologia , Grupo Associado , Instituições Acadêmicas , Meio Social , Estudantes/psicologia , Adolescente , Humanos , República da Coreia
5.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35328947

RESUMO

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in substantial service disruption and transition from in-person services to telehealth for children with developmental disabilities. However, there is limited knowledge about the specific dimensions and consequences of the disruption and transition. This study aims to examine the extent of service disruption and transition, the experiences of client children and their caregivers with telehealth vis-à-vis in-person services, and the impacts of the disruption and transition on child wellbeing. The cross-sectional study collected data from parents of children with developmental disabilities using an online survey. McNemar's tests were used to compare service changes before and after the pandemic outbreak, and multivariate analyses were used to examine how service changes were associated with child wellbeing. Results show that more than two-thirds of the children experienced reduction in service amount, and one-third lost services for more than two months in about five months into the pandemic. While telehealth had comparable features relative to in-person services, it had lower ratings with respect to diagnostic accuracy, treatment effectiveness, and rapport building. Service disruption/transition and social isolation were associated with behavioral and emotional deterioration in children. However, child and family stress may have confounded these adverse effects. We concluded that the magnitude of service disruption and transition was large in the first half year after the pandemic outbreak, and the amount and duration of service loss varied substantially across clients. Diagnostic accuracy, treatment efficacy, and rapport building were areas in which parents had major concerns toward telehealth relative to in-person services. However, such drawbacks may partially be due to the limited logistics in telehealth implementation during the pandemic. Service disruption and transition seemed to contribute to family stress, which played a direct role in eroding child wellbeing. Implications of these findings for future research and practices are discussed.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Telemedicina , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Criança , Saúde da Criança , Estudos Transversais , Deficiências do Desenvolvimento/epidemiologia , Deficiências do Desenvolvimento/terapia , Humanos , Pandemias , Telemedicina/métodos
6.
J Interpers Violence ; 37(7-8): NP5442-NP5470, 2022 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32954892

RESUMO

Peer victimization patterns from elementary school transitioning into late middle school have not been assessed in detail. Even less work has considered how these patterns differ across family context and then are linked to delinquency in adolescence. This study used longitudinal data (n = 2,892) from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study to examine peer victimization classification and change over six years while distinguishing across sex and family contexts. Latent transition analysis (LTA) shows that youth can be classified into minor victimization, mainly verbal victimization, and all-type victimization subgroups over time with some sex differences, regardless of whether they were in two-parent families. The majority of the youth were in either the mainly verbal victimization (53% for boys; 42% for girls) or all-type victimization (12% for boys; 21% for girls) statuses when they were about 9 years old, but substantial transition positioned most boys (84%) and girls (82%) in the minor victimization status instead when they were about 15 years old. Youth who were Hispanic, in two-parent families, and more open to parents had a reduced risk of peer victimization, but youth who were in a poor family had an increased risk of peer victimization. Peer victimization statuses were significantly associated with youth delinquency, and there were sex and time differences in the association. In year 9, 45% to 94% of boys and 24% to 75% of girls were involved in delinquency based on their victimization statuses, but the difference was 48% to 67% for boys and 39% to 59% for girls in year 15. The findings suggest developing and implementing peer victimization prevention starting from early elementary school, concurrently addressing peer victimization and delinquency, and paying close attention to sex and family context differences.


Assuntos
Bullying , Vítimas de Crime , Adolescente , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pais , Grupo Associado , Instituições Acadêmicas
7.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34831952

RESUMO

The study investigated how pediatric speech-language pathologists (SLPs) applied telepractice to compensate for the loss of in-person services and the dynamics of telepractice use during the COVID-19 pandemic in a rural state. We conducted interviews with 10 SLPs and then a statewide survey in which 51 SLPs participated. The qualitative interviews revealed themes including changes in service environment due to the pandemic (e.g., transition to telepractice, losing clients), challenges in the transition to telepractice (e.g., limited training, difficulty engaging clients), worsening wellbeing of clinicians and clients, and SLPs' perspectives and suggestions towards telepractice in the future. Survey results showed service disruptions and transition dynamics during the pandemic. SLPs' weekly caseloads reduced from an average of 42.3 clients prior to the pandemic to 25.9 and 23.4 from March to May and from June to September 2020, respectively, and then recovered to 37.2 clients from October to December 2020. In contrast, the number of telepractice caseloads sharply increased from 0.2 clients per week prior to the pandemic to 14.8 from March to May 2020. The weekly telepractice caseloads then declined to 5.5 clients from June to September and 7.9 clients from October to December 2020. In the months right after the pandemic outbreak (i.e., March to May), client children struggled with treatment gains and behavioral wellbeing. However, their outcomes gradually improved by October to December and approached pre-pandemic levels. About one-third of the SLPs reported that they would be more likely or much more likely to use telepractice in the future regardless of the pandemic. However, only about a quarter perceived telepractice as comparable to in-person services. We concluded that the transition from in-person services to telepractice substantially mitigated service disruptions right after the pandemic outbreak and that telepractice's substitute role evolved over time.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Patologia da Fala e Linguagem , Telemedicina , Criança , Humanos , Pandemias , Patologistas , SARS-CoV-2 , Fala
8.
J Interpers Violence ; 36(21-22): NP11531-NP11554, 2021 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31766969

RESUMO

This study aimed to examine whether bullying reporting concerns mediate the relationship between school climate and student bullying victimization as well as aggressive behavior. Data were from a sample of 301 students in Grades 6 to 8 in two minority-predominant schools in a large U.S. metropolitan area. Findings from bootstrapped structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses indicated that for male students, a higher level of perceived anti-bullying school climate was negatively associated with bullying reporting concerns, while the reporting concerns subsequently were positively associated with bullying victimization and aggressive behavior. For female students, perceived school climate was not associated with bullying reporting concerns, but the latter were also positively associated with bullying victimization and aggressive behavior. Therefore, bullying reporting concerns mediated the association between perceived school climate and bullying victimization as well as aggressive behavior for male but not female students. The findings suggest the importance of strengthening anti-bullying school climate to help students overcome bullying reporting concerns to achieve effective outcomes. The gender difference of associations between school climate and bullying reporting concerns may reflect the variation of bullying types experienced by male and female students, which calls for attention to the development of anti-bullying strategies that take into account gender differences and address various types of bullying.


Assuntos
Bullying , Vítimas de Crime , Agressão , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Instituições Acadêmicas , Estudantes
9.
J Nutr Biochem ; 82: 108402, 2020 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32450500

RESUMO

The tumor microenvironment (TME), consisting of stromal fibroblasts, immune cells, cancer cells and other cell types, plays a crucial role in cancer progression and metastasis. M2 macrophages and activated fibroblasts (AFs) modulate behavior of cancer cells in the TME. Since nutritional effects on cancer progression, including colorectal cancer (CRC), may be mediated by alterations in the TME, we determined the ability of ß-carotene (BC) to mediate anti-cancer effects through regulation of macrophage polarization and fibroblast activation in CRC. The M2 macrophage phenotype was induced by treating U937 cells with phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate and interleukin (IL)-4. Treatment of these M2 macrophages with BC led to suppression of M2-type macrophage-associated markers and of the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway. In separate experiments, AFs were induced by treating CCD-18Co cells with transforming growth factor-ß1. BC treatment suppressed expression of fibroblast activation markers. In addition, conditioned media from BC-treated M2 macrophages and AF inhibited cancer stem cell markers, colon cancer cell invasiveness and migration, and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In vivo, BC supplementation inhibited tumor formation and the expression of M2 macrophage markers in an azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis-associated CRC mouse model. To our knowledge, the present findings provide the first evidence suggesting that the potential therapeutic effects of BC on CRC are mediated by the inhibition of M2 macrophage polarization and fibroblast activation.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Neoplasias do Colo/tratamento farmacológico , Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Macrófagos/metabolismo , beta Caroteno/farmacologia , Animais , Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Movimento Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias do Colo/metabolismo , Neoplasias do Colo/patologia , Transição Epitelial-Mesenquimal/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Células HCT116 , Humanos , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Invasividade Neoplásica , Células-Tronco Neoplásicas/metabolismo , Fator de Transcrição STAT3/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Microambiente Tumoral/efeitos dos fármacos , Células U937 , beta Caroteno/administração & dosagem
10.
J Ethnopharmacol ; 116(2): 270-8, 2008 Mar 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18191513

RESUMO

The bark of Betula platyphylla Sukat. var. japonica Hara (Asian White Birch, AWB) is one of the herbs used in Eastern countries for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases including atopic dermatitis (AD). The present study was performed to examine if and how the bark of AWB inhibits the development of AD-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice induced by repeated application of picryl chloride (PC). With this aim, we examined the skin symptom severity, itching behavior, serum immunoglobulin (Ig) E level and mRNA expression of cytokines at iliac and cervical lymph nodes in the mice. Oral administration of AWB extracts (25, 100 and 250 mg/kg) to the PC-treated mice inhibited the development of AD-like skin lesions as exemplified by a significant decrease in the total skin severity scores, itching behavior and a decrease in hypertrophy and infiltration of inflammatory cells into dermis. The serum IgE level was also significantly reduced by AWB extract. In the RT-PCR results, the expression of interleukin-4 mRNA was reduced by AWB extract, whereas the expression of interferon-gamma mRNA was not changed. These results suggest that AWB inhibits the development of AD-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice through the suppression of the T-helper 2 cell response.


Assuntos
Betula/química , Dermatite Atópica/prevenção & controle , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Citocinas/genética , Primers do DNA , Dermatite Atópica/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Imunoglobulina E/sangue , Camundongos , Prurido , RNA Mensageiro/genética , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa
11.
Arch Pharm Res ; 33(6): 843-51, 2010 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20607488

RESUMO

The rhizome of Atractylodes japonica Koidzumi (AJK) has been used in traditional medicine for treatment of arthritis, bronchitis and respiratory infectious disease, whereas its effects on inflammatory reactions have not been unknown recently. In this study, the effects of AJK on allergic inflammation and its signaling were investigated in the induced human mast cells and animal model. This study showed that ethanol extract of AJK interestingly suppressed the production and mRNA expression of TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-8, as important inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, AJK inhibited the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB through inhibition of the phosphorylation of IB-kappa, which was additionally elucidated by NF-kappaB promoter-mediated luciferase activity. In addition, the phosphorylation of ERK was increased in pretreatment with AJK, whereas there was no change in JNK and p38 MAPK. However, AJK showed no effects on anti-DNP IgE-mediated in vivo PCA reaction and histamine release, as key events of mast cell-mediated immediate allergic reactions. These results suggest that AJK might be involved in not early-phase but transition to late-phase reactions of allergic inflammation and could modulate through other signal pathways. Taken together, AJK could be used as a treatment for mast cell mediated late-phase/chronic allergic inflammatory reactions.


Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Atractylodes/química , Citocinas/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas I-kappa B/metabolismo , Mastócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Linhagem Celular , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Citocinas/genética , Citocinas/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Lactonas/análise , Masculino , Mastócitos/metabolismo , Medicina Tradicional do Leste Asiático , NF-kappa B/genética , Anafilaxia Cutânea Passiva/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/química , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Rizoma/química , Sesquiterpenos/análise
12.
Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) ; 56(9): 1314-6, 2008 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18758108

RESUMO

A new naphthoquinone, (-)-3-[2-(acetyloxy)propyl]-2-hydroxy-8-methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (1) was isolated from the bulb of Eleutherine americana MERR. et HEYNE (Iridaceae) together with two known compounds, eleutherinol (6) and 1,5-dihydroxy-3-methylanthraquinone (7) which were found in this species for the first time. The other known compounds, (-)-isoeleutherin (2), (+)-eleutherin (3), (-)-hongconin (4), and (+)-dihydroeleutherinol (5) which were reported previously from this species, were also isolated in the present study. Compounds 2-6 exhibited potent inhibitory activity on nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 lipopolysaccharide-activated mouse macrophage cells with IC(50) values of 7.7, 11.4, 19.8, 21.7, and 34.4 microM, respectively, whereas the other two compounds, 1 and 7, were inactive. The structure of compound 1 was elucidated by spectroscopic data analysis including 1D and 2D NMR experiments.


Assuntos
Iridaceae/química , Lipopolissacarídeos/antagonistas & inibidores , Lipopolissacarídeos/farmacologia , Naftalenos/isolamento & purificação , Naftalenos/farmacologia , Óxido Nítrico/biossíntese , Animais , Linhagem Celular , Dicroísmo Circular , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Camundongos , Raízes de Plantas/química , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização por Electrospray , Espectrofotometria Infravermelho , Espectrofotometria Ultravioleta , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier
13.
Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) ; 56(9): 1360-1, 2008 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18758121

RESUMO

A new biflavanone, 2,2'',3,3''-tetrahydrorobustaflavone 7,4',7''-trimethyl ether (1) was isolated from the whole plant of Selaginella doederleinii HIERON. (Selaginellaceae) together with the known biflavonoid, robustaflavone 7,4',7''-trimethyl ether (2) as the cytotoxic constituents against the three human cancer cell lines, HCT, NCI-H358, and K562. The structure of the new compound 1 was elucidated by spectral analysis including various 1D- and 2D-NMR experiments.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/isolamento & purificação , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Biflavonoides/isolamento & purificação , Biflavonoides/farmacologia , Selaginellaceae/química , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Humanos , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Espectrofotometria Ultravioleta , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier
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