RESUMO
Diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) and follicular lymphoma (FL) are the most common subtypes of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in adults. Histologic transformation of FL to DLBCL (TFL) occurs in approximately 15% of patients and is generally associated with a poor clinical outcome. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors have shown promising results in the treatment of relapsed/refractory FL. CAR T-cell therapy (axicabtagene ciloleucel and tisagenlecleucel) has emerged as a novel treatment option for relapsed/refractory DLBCL and TFL. These NCCN Guidelines Insights highlight important updates to the NCCN Guidelines for B-Cell Lymphomas regarding the treatment of TFL and relapsed/refractory FL and DLBCL.
Assuntos
Linfoma Folicular/terapia , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/terapia , Oncologia/normas , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/terapia , Adulto , Assistência ao Convalescente/normas , Antineoplásicos Imunológicos/normas , Antineoplásicos Imunológicos/uso terapêutico , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos , Humanos , Imunoterapia Adotiva/métodos , Imunoterapia Adotiva/normas , Linfoma Folicular/imunologia , Linfoma Folicular/mortalidade , Linfoma Folicular/patologia , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/imunologia , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/mortalidade , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/patologia , Oncologia/métodos , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/imunologia , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/mortalidade , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/patologia , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Inibidores de Fosfoinositídeo-3 Quinase/normas , Inibidores de Fosfoinositídeo-3 Quinase/uso terapêutico , Receptores de Antígenos Quiméricos/imunologia , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Transdução de Sinais/imunologia , Estados UnidosRESUMO
Diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL) are now considered a heterogeneous group of distinct molecular subtypes (germinal center B-cell DLBCL, activated B-cell DLBCL, and primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (PMBL) with varied natural history and response to therapy. In addition, a subset of patients with DLBCL have concurrent MYC and/or BCL2 gene rearrangements (double-hit lymphomas; DHL) and others have a dual expression of both MYC and BCL2 proteins (double-expressing DLBCL; DEL). The standard of care for the treatment of patients with PMBL, DHL, or DEL has not been established. Adequate immunophenotyping and molecular testing (in selected circumstances) are necessary for the accurate diagnosis of different subtypes of DLBCL. The NCCN Guidelines included in this issue, part of the NCCN Guidelines for non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, address the diagnosis and management of DLBCL and its subtypes.
Assuntos
Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/tratamento farmacológico , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/genética , Rearranjo Gênico/genética , Humanos , Imunofenotipagem/métodos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-myc/genéticaRESUMO
Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) represent a relatively uncommon heterogeneous group of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs) with an aggressive clinical course and poor prognosis. Anthracycline-based multiagent chemotherapy with or without radiation therapy followed by first-line consolidation with high-dose therapy followed by autologous stem cell rescue (HDT/ASCR) is the standard approach to most of the patients with newly diagnosed PTCL. Relapsed or refractory disease is managed with second-line systemic therapy followed by HDT/ASCR or allogeneic stem cell transplant, based on the patient's eligibility for transplant. In recent years, several newer agents have shown significant activity in patients with relapsed or refractory disease across all 4 subtypes of PTCL. These NCCN Guideline Insights highlight the important updates to the NCCN Guidelines for NHL, specific to the management of patients with relapsed or refractory PTCL.
Assuntos
Linfoma de Células T Periférico/terapia , Humanos , Linfoma de Células T Periférico/patologia , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Taxa de SobrevidaRESUMO
The aetiology of primary B-cell lymphomas of the thymus is enigmatic. Although thymic follicular lymphoid hyperplasia (TFH) is commonly associated with myasthenia gravis (MG), lymphoma is not a complication of this condition. The present paper reports a high frequency of monoclonal B-cell populations (6 of 18 cases; 33%) in micronodular thymoma (MNT), a peculiar thymic epithelial neoplasm with a B-cell-rich stroma, while B cells were consistently polyclonal in TFH (25 cases) and other types of thymomas (15 cases) (p < 0.001). An intratumoural lymphoma could be identified in three of the six monoclonal MNTs. Sequencing of the monoclonal IgH chain revealed partially overlapping VDJ gene usage in MNT and thymic mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas. The neoplastic epithelium of MNTs, but not of TFH and other types of thymoma, expressed high levels of dendritic cell, T-cell, and B-cell chemoattractants, such as CCL18, CCR6, and CCL20. It is concluded that abnormal chemokine expression in an epithelial tumour, MNT, can promote the recruitment of MALT, the emergence of monoclonal B cells, and, eventually, the subsequent development of mediastinal lymphomas. More generally, the concept that expression of a 'high-risk' spectrum of chemokines due to local or genetic factors may interfere with B-cell homeostasis and may contribute to MALT lymphoma development in chronic inflammatory states is proposed.