RESUMO
Meningioma-1 (MN1) overexpression in AML is associated with poor prognosis, and forced expression of MN1 induces leukemia in mice. We sought to determine how MN1 causes AML. We found that overexpression of MN1 can be induced by translocations that result in hijacking of a downstream enhancer. Structure predictions revealed that the entire MN1 coding frame is disordered. We identified the myeloid progenitor-specific BAF complex as the key interaction partner of MN1. MN1 over-stabilizes BAF on enhancer chromatin, a function directly linked to the presence of a long polyQ-stretch within MN1. BAF over-stabilization at binding sites of transcription factors regulating a hematopoietic stem/progenitor program prevents the developmentally appropriate decommissioning of these enhancers and results in impaired myeloid differentiation and leukemia. Beyond AML, our data detail how the overexpression of a polyQ protein, in the absence of any coding sequence mutation, can be sufficient to cause malignant transformation.
Assuntos
Carcinogênese/genética , DNA Helicases/genética , Proteínas Intrinsicamente Desordenadas/genética , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/genética , Proteínas Nucleares/genética , Transativadores/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Proteínas Supressoras de Tumor/genética , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Carcinogênese/metabolismo , Carcinogênese/patologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Cromatina/genética , Cromatina/metabolismo , Cromatina/patologia , DNA Helicases/metabolismo , Elementos Facilitadores Genéticos , Feminino , Regulação Leucêmica da Expressão Gênica , Redes Reguladoras de Genes , Humanos , Proteínas Intrinsicamente Desordenadas/metabolismo , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/metabolismo , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/mortalidade , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/patologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Transgênicos , Proteínas Nucleares/metabolismo , Peptídeos/genética , Peptídeos/metabolismo , Mapeamento de Interação de Proteínas , Estabilidade Proteica , Transporte Proteico , Transdução de Sinais , Análise de Sobrevida , Transativadores/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , Proteínas Supressoras de Tumor/metabolismoRESUMO
Stem cells of all types are characterized by a stable, heritable state permissive of multiple developmental pathways. The past five years have seen remarkable advances in understanding these heritable states and the ways that they are initiated or terminated. Transcription factors that bind directly to DNA and have sufficiency roles have been most easy to investigate and, perhaps for this reason, are most solidly implicated in pluripotency. In addition, large complexes of ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling and histone-modification enzymes that have specialized functions have also been implicated by genetic studies in initiating and/or maintaining pluripotency or multipotency. Several of these ATP-dependent remodeling complexes play non-redundant roles, and the esBAF complex facilitates reprogramming of induced pluripotent stem cells. The recent finding that virtually all histone modifications can be rapidly reversed and are often highly dynamic has raised new questions about how histone modifications come to play a role in the steady state of pluripotency. Another surprise from genetic studies has been the frequency with which the global effects of mutations in chromatin regulators can be largely reversed by a single target gene. These genetic studies help define the arena for future mechanistic studies that might be helpful to harness pluripotency for therapeutic goals.
Assuntos
Montagem e Desmontagem da Cromatina , Células-Tronco Pluripotentes/citologia , Animais , Células-Tronco Embrionárias/citologia , HumanosRESUMO
In mammals, combinatorial assembly of alternative families of subunits confers functional specificity to adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent SWI/SNF-like Brg/Brm-associated factor (BAF) chromatin remodeling complexes by creating distinct polymorphic surfaces for interaction with regulatory elements and DNA-binding factors. Although redundant in terms of biochemical activity, the core ATPase subunits, BRG/SMARCA4 and BRM/SMARCA2, are functionally distinct and may contribute to complex specificity. Here we show using quantitative proteomics that BAF complexes expressed in leukemia are specifically assembled around the BRG ATPase. Moreover, using a mouse model of acute myeloid leukemia, we demonstrate that BRG is essential for leukemia maintenance, as leukemic cells lacking BRG rapidly undergo cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. Most importantly, we show that BRG is dispensable for the maintenance of immunophenotypic long-term repopulating hematopoietic stem cells, suggesting that adroit targeting of BRG in leukemia may have potent and specific therapeutic effects.
Assuntos
Montagem e Desmontagem da Cromatina , DNA Helicases/metabolismo , DNA Helicases/fisiologia , Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/patologia , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/genética , Proteínas Nucleares/metabolismo , Proteínas Nucleares/fisiologia , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição/fisiologia , Animais , Southern Blotting , Cromatografia Líquida , DNA Helicases/genética , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Citometria de Fluxo , Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/metabolismo , Humanos , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/metabolismo , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/patologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , Proteínas Nucleares/genética , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , Fatores de Transcrição/genéticaRESUMO
ATP-dependent SWI/SNF-like BAF chromatin remodeling complexes are emerging as key regulators of embryonic and adult stem cell function. Particularly intriguing are the findings that specialized assemblies of BAF complexes are required for establishing and maintaining pluripotent and multipotent states in cells. However, little is known on the importance of these complexes in normal and leukemic hemopoiesis. Here we provide the first evidence that the actin-related protein BAF53a, a subunit of BAF complexes preferentially expressed in long-term repopulating stem cells, is essential for adult hemopoiesis. Conditional deletion of BAF53a resulted in multilineage BM failure, aplastic anemia, and rapid lethality. These severe hemopoietic defects originate from a proliferative impairment of BM HSCs and progenitors and decreased progenitor survival. Using hemopoietic chimeras, we show that the impaired function of BAF53a-deficient HSCs is cell-autonomous and independent of the BM microenvironment. Altogether, our studies highlight an unsuspected role for BAF chromatin remodeling complexes in the maintenance of HSC and progenitor cell properties.
Assuntos
Actinas/genética , Proteínas Cromossômicas não Histona/genética , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/genética , Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/metabolismo , Sistema Hematopoético/metabolismo , Transcriptoma , Actinas/metabolismo , Anemia Aplástica/genética , Anemia Aplástica/metabolismo , Animais , Apoptose/genética , Apoptose/fisiologia , Células da Medula Óssea/metabolismo , Células da Medula Óssea/fisiologia , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/genética , Proliferação de Células , Sobrevivência Celular/genética , Sobrevivência Celular/fisiologia , Células Cultivadas , Proteínas Cromossômicas não Histona/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/metabolismo , Feminino , Feto , Citometria de Fluxo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica no Desenvolvimento , Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/fisiologia , Sistema Hematopoético/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Fígado , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos da Linhagem 129 , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , Gravidez , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase ReversaRESUMO
The ability of hemopoietic stem cells to self-renew and differentiate into downstream lineages is dependent on specialized chromatin environments that establish and maintain stage-specific patterns of gene expression. However, the epigenetic factors responsible for mediating these regulatory events remain poorly defined. Here we provide evidence that BAF45a/PHF10, a subunit of SWI/SNF-like chromatin remodeling complexes, is essential for adult hemopoietic stem cell maintenance and myeloid lineage development. Deletion of BAF45a in the mouse is embryonic lethal. Acute deletion of BAF45a in the adult hemopoietic system causes a dose-dependent decrease in the frequency of long-term repopulating hemopoietic stem cells and committed myeloid progenitors without affecting their rate of proliferation. BAF45a-deficient hemopoietic stem cells and myeloid progenitors are selectively lost from mixed bone marrow chimeras, indicating their impaired function even in an intact microenvironment. Together, these studies suggest that the BAF45a subunit of SWI/SNF-like chromatin remodeling complexes plays nonredundant and specialized roles within the developing hemopoietic tissue.
Assuntos
Autorrenovação Celular , Proteínas Cromossômicas não Histona/metabolismo , Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/citologia , Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Homeodomínio/metabolismo , Animais , Biomarcadores , Diferenciação Celular/genética , Autorrenovação Celular/genética , Montagem e Desmontagem da Cromatina , Proteínas Cromossômicas não Histona/química , Proteínas Cromossômicas não Histona/genética , Expressão Gênica , Regulação da Expressão Gênica no Desenvolvimento , Ordem dos Genes , Genes Letais , Loci Gênicos , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Proteínas de Homeodomínio/genética , Camundongos , Camundongos Knockout , Complexos Multiproteicos/metabolismo , Células Mieloides/citologia , Células Mieloides/metabolismo , Fenótipo , Ligação Proteica , Domínios e Motivos de Interação entre Proteínas , Subunidades Proteicas , Ativação Transcricional , Dedos de ZincoRESUMO
Recent studies suggest that individual subunits of chromatin-remodeling complexes produce biologically specific meaning in different cell types through combinatorial assembly. Here we show that granulocyte development requires SMARCD2, a subunit of ATP-dependent SWI/SNF (BAF) chromatin-remodeling complexes. Smarcd2-deficient mice fail to generate functionally mature neutrophils and eosinophils, a phenotype reminiscent of neutrophil-specific granule deficiency (SGD) in humans, for which loss-of-function mutations in CEBPE (encoding CEBPÉ) have been reported. SMARCD2-containing SWI/SNF complexes are necessary for CEBPÉ transcription factor recruitment to the promoter of neutrophilic secondary granule genes and for granulocyte differentiation. The homologous SMARCD1 protein (63% identical at the amino acid level) cannot replace the role of SMARCD2 in granulocyte development. We find that SMARCD2 functional specificity is conferred by its divergent coiled-coil 1 and SWIB domains. Strikingly, both CEBPE and SMARCD2 loss-of-function mutations identified in patients with SGD abolish the interaction with SWI/SNF and thereby secondary granule gene expression, thus providing a molecular basis for this disease.