Zero-Dimensional Carbon Nanomaterials for Fluorescent Sensing and Imaging.

Advances in nanotechnology and nanomaterials have attracted considerable interest and play key roles in scientific innovations in diverse fields. In particular, increased attention has been focused on carbon-based nanomaterials exhibiting diverse extended structures and unique properties. Among these materials, zero-dimensional structures, including fullerenes, carbon nano-onions, carbon nanodiamonds, and carbon dots, possess excellent bioaffinities and superior fluorescence properties that make these structures suitable for application to environmental and biological sensing, imaging, and therapeutics. This review provides a systematic overview of the classification and structural properties, design principles and preparation methods, and optical properties and sensing applications of zero-dimensional carbon nanomaterials. Recent interesting breakthroughs in the sensitive and selective sensing and imaging of heavy metal pollutants, hazardous substances, and bioactive molecules as well as applications in information encryption, super-resolution and photoacoustic imaging, and phototherapy and nanomedicine delivery are the main focus of this review. Finally, future challenges and prospects of these materials are highlighted and envisaged. This review presents a comprehensive basis and directions for designing, developing, and applying fascinating fluorescent sensors fabricated based on zero-dimensional carbon nanomaterials for specific requirements in numerous research fields.

Method to quickly estimate T1 value by suppressing spin exchange relaxation and magnetic field gradient relaxation in atomic sensors.

The accuracy of atomic sensor is determined by the transverse nuclear spin relaxation time (T2). As the longitudinal nuclear spin relaxation time (T1) is the upper limit of T2, it becomes an important metric for evaluating the merits of alkali vapor cells. However, the conventional method for measuring T1 of pulse delay takes dozens of minutes, which will increase the effect of random errors during the testing process. In order to solve this problem, a method to quickly estimate the value of T1 is proposed by suppressing the influence of spin exchange relaxation and magnetic field gradient relaxation terms on T2. Experimental results indicate that the accuracy is maintained at above 95%, and the testing time is reduced to less than 5%.

Old trees bloom new flowers, lysosome targeted near-infrared fluorescent probe for ratiometric sensing of hypobromous acid in vitro and in vivo based on Nile red skeleton.

Hypobromous acid (HOBr), one of the significant reactive oxygen species (ROS) that acts as an important role in human immune system, however the increasing level of HOBr in human body can cause the disorder of eosinophils (EPO), leading to oxidative stress in organelles, and further causing a series of diseases. In this study, a ratiometric fluorescent probe DMBP based on Nile red skeleton was developed to detect HOBr specifically by the electrophilic substitution with HOBr. DMBP emits near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence at 653 nm, after reacting with HOBr, the emission wavelength of DMBP shifted blue and a new peak appeared at 520 nm, realizing a ratiometric examination of HOBr with a limit of detection of 89.00 nM. Based on its sensitive and specific response to HOBr, DMBP was applied in the visual imaging of HOBr in HepG2 cells and zebrafish. Foremost, probe DMBP has excellent lysosome targeting ability and NIR emission reduced the background interference of biological tissues, providing a potential analytical tool to further investigate the role of HOBr in lysosome.

Predictive value of the Naples prognostic score on postoperative delirium in the elderly with gastrointestinal tumors: a retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Postoperative delirium (POD) is a common complication among elderly patients after surgery. The Naples Prognostic Score (NPS), a novel prognostic marker based on immune-inflammatory and nutritional status, was widely used in the assessment of the prognosis of surgical patients. However, no study has evaluated the relationship between NPS and POD. The aim of this article was to investigate the association between NPS and POD and test the predictive efficacy of preoperative NPS for POD in elderly patients with gastrointestinal tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the present study, we retrospectively collected perioperative data of 176 patients (≥ 60 years) who underwent elective gastrointestinal tumor surgery from June 2022 to September 2023. POD was defined according to the chart-based method and the NPS was calculated for each patient. We compared all the demographics and laboratory data between POD and non-POD groups. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore risk factors of POD. Moreover, the accuracy of NPS in predicting POD was further assessed by utilizing receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. RESULTS: 20 had POD (11.4%) in a total of 176 patients, with a median age of 71 (65-76). The outcomes by univariate analysis pointed out that age, ASA status ≥ 3, creatinine, white blood cell count, fasting blood glucose (FBG), and NPS were associated with the risk of POD. Multivariate logistic regression analysis further showed that age, ASA grade ≥ 3, FBG and NPS were independent risk factors of POD. Additionally, the ROC curves revealed that NPS allowed better prognostic capacity for POD than other variables with the largest area under the curve (AUC) of 0.798, sensitivity of 0.800 and specificity of 0.667, respectively. CONCLUSION: Age, ASA grade ≥ 3, and FBG were independent risk factors for POD in the elderly underwent gastrointestinal tumor surgery. Notably, the preoperative NPS was a more effective tool in predicting the incidence of POD, but prospective trials were still needed to further validate our conclusion. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The registration information for the experiment was shown below. (date: 3rd January 2024; number: ChiCTR2400079459).

Effects of Acupuncture-Point Stimulation on Perioperative Sleep Disorders: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis.

Background: Perioperative sleep disorders exert a severe adverse impact on postoperative recovery. Recently, some observational studies reported that acupuncture-point stimulation (APS) provided benefits for promoting perioperative sleep quality. However, the effects of APS on perioperative sleep disorders following general anesthesia have not been thoroughly assessed by any systematic study and meta-analysis. Therefore, we conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to reveal the effects of APS on perioperative sleep disorders. Methods: Eight databases (Chinese: CNKI, VIP, CBM, and Wanfang; English: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library) were thoroughly searched to find randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that indicated a link between APS and the occurrence of perioperative sleep disorders. We applied RevMan 5.4 (Cochrane Collaboration) and Stata 16.0 (Stata Corp) to conduct our meta-analysis. In addition, the trial sequential analysis (TSA) tool was utilized to estimate the validity and reliability of the data. Results: In this study, nine RCTs with 719 patients were conducted. Compared to the control group, APS significantly improved perioperative subjective sleep quality (SMD: -1.36; 95% CI: -1.71 to -1.01; P < 0.00001). Besides, it increased perioperative TST (preoperative period MD = 24.29, 95% CI: 6.4 to 42.18, P = 0.0008; postoperative period MD = 45.86, 95% CI: 30.00 to 61.71, P < 0.00001) and SE (preoperative MD = 3.62, 95% CI: 2.84 to 4.39, P < 0.00001; postoperative MD = 6.43, 95% CI: 0.95 to 11.73, P < 0.00001). The consequence of trial sequential analysis further confirmed the reliability of our meta-analysis results. Conclusion: According to the currently available evidence, APS could effectively improve perioperative sleep quality and play an essential role in decreasing the incidence of perioperative sleep disorders.

Effect of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation on the quality of postoperative recovery: a meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of the present study was to systematically delve into the efficacy and safety of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) on the quality of recovery after general anesthesia. METHODS: Randomized controlled trials related to TEAS improving postoperative recovery quality were searched in Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, PubMed, CNKI, VIP, Wanfang and Chinese biomedical database from the inception of each database to June 2023. After literature screening and data extraction, Stata15 software was employed for meta-analysis, and the quality of the included literature was evaluated utilizing ROB2. RESULTS: The study included 10 articles involving 2,383 patients in total. The meta-analysis results unveiled that TEAS could improve 24-hour and 48-hour postoperative QoR-40 scores as well as 24-hour postoperative QoR-40 dimension scores [WMD = 8.52, 95%CI (5.12, 11.91), P < 0.001; WMD = 1.99, 95%CI (0.91, 3.07), P < 0.001], emotional state [WMD = 1.38, 95%CI (0.66, 2.09), P < 0.001], physical comfort [WMD = 2.99, 95%CI (1.59, 4.39), P < 0.001], psychological support [WMD = 0.63, 95%CI (0.36, 0.90), P < 0.001], and physical independence [WMD = 0.76, 95%CI (0.22, 1.30), P = 0.006]; pain [WMD = 1.81, 95%CI (0.87, 2.75), P < 0.001]; decrease 24-hour postoperative VAS pain scores [WMD = -0.84, 95%CI (-1.45, -0.23), P = 0.007] and the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting [RR = 0.88, 95%CI (0.81, 0.97), P = 0.006; RR = 0.62, 95%CI (0.52, 0.73), P < 0.001]. CONCLUSION: TEAS can improve postoperative QoR-40 scores and the quality of recovery, relieve pain, and decrease the incidence of nausea and vomiting after surgery in patients who underwent general anesthesia. TRIAL REGISTRATION: CRD42023433959.

The effect of haloperidol's perioperative application on postoperative delirium in elderly patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: To systematically review the evidence about the effect of haloperidol on postoperative delirium in elderly patients. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were used to find concerned studies for meta-analysis. The main outcome was the incidence of postoperative delirium, and the secondary outcomes were side effects of haloperidol and the length of hospital stay. The meta-analyses were conducted using the Review Manager Version 5.1. This study was conducted based on the PRISMA statement. RESULTS: Eight RCTs (1569 patients) were included in the meta-analysis. There was a significant difference in the incidence of postoperative delirium between haloperidol and control groups (OR = 0.62, 95%CI 0.48-0.80, P = 0.0002, I2 = 20%). In addition, side effects of haloperidol and the duration of hospitalization were comparable (OR = 0.58, 95%CI 0.25-1.35, P = 0.21, I2 = 0%; MD =-0.01, 95%CI -0.16-0.15, P = 0.92, I2 = 28%). Subgroup analysis implied the effect of haloperidol on postoperative delirium might vary with the dose (5 mg daily: OR = 0.40, 95%CI 0.22-0.71, P = 0.002, I2 = 0%; <5 mg daily: OR = 0.72, 95%CI 0.42-1.23, P = 0.23, I2 = 0%). CONCLUSIONS: The meta-analysis revealed perioperative application of haloperidol could decrease the occurrence of postoperative delirium without obvious side effects in elderly people, and high-dose haloperidol (5 mg daily) possessed a greater positive effect.

Loss of Gucy1a3 causes poor post-stroke recovery by reducing angiogenesis via the HIF-1α/VEGFA signaling pathway in mice.

OBJECTIVES: Ischemic stroke is a common and debilitating disease that can cause permanent neurological damage. Gucy1a3, which encodes the α1 subunit of soluble guanylyl cyclase, has been reported to be associated with functional recovery after ischemic stroke. However, the mechanism is still not well understood. In the present study, we investigated the effects of Gucy1a3 on (i) post-stroke recovery; (ii) vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) expression; and (iii) angiogenesis after ischemic stroke. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Wild-type and Gucy1a3 knockout C57BL/6J male mice were respectively used to establish the models of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO). Neurological deficit scores were evaluated at 24 h and 96 h after pMCAO. Cerebral infarct volume was measured by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. For determining microvessel density, immunohistochemical analysis was performed with CD31. The expression of VEGFA and HIF-1α was detected by western blotting. RESULTS: Our results suggest that loss of Gucy1a3 increased the infarct volume and aggravated neurological deficits after pMCAO. In addition, the Gucy1a3 knockout brains exhibited significantly lower microvessel densities and VEGFA and HIF-1α expression levels than the wild-type brains at 96 h post-pMCAO. CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicates that GUCY1A3 might be involved in angiogenesis after ischemic stroke. Further investigation of GUCY1A3 will provide a new therapeutic target for stroke.

Evaluating the impact of ultrasound-guided subsheath versus extrasheath sciatic nerve block on postoperative wound pain in tibial and foot surgeries: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluate the impact of ultrasound-guided subsheath versus extrasheath sciatic nerve blocks on postoperative wound pain in tibial and foot surgeries, crucial for effective pain management and patient recovery. Adhering to PRISMA guidelines, this study used a PICO framework, focusing on patients undergoing tibial and foot surgeries and comparing the efficacy and safety of subsheath and extrasheath sciatic nerve blocks. The literature search spanned four databases without time restrictions, assessing various outcomes like success rate, onset time, duration of analgesia and complication rates. Quality assessment employed the Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias tool, and statistical analyses included heterogeneity assessment, fixed-effect and random-effects models, sensitivity analysis and publication bias evaluation using funnel plots and Egger's linear regression test. From an initial pool of 1213 articles, six met the inclusion criteria. The subsheath group showed a significantly higher success rate of complete sensory blockade within 30 min compared with the extrasheath group (OR = 5.39; 95% CI: 2.82-10.28; p < 0.01). No significant differences were found in procedure duration or incidence of nerve-related complications between the two techniques. The subsheath approach also demonstrated a quicker onset time of sensory blockade (MD = -8.57; 95% CI: -11.27 to -5.88; p < 0.01). Sensitivity analysis confirmed the stability of the results, and no significant publication bias was detected. Ultrasound-guided subsheath sciatic nerve blocks are more effective than extrasheath blocks in achieving rapid and complete sensory blockade for tibial and foot surgeries, with a quicker onset time and comparable safety profile. Subsheath injections are thus recommended as a preferred method for anaesthesia and postoperative pain management in these surgical procedures, enhancing overall patient outcomes.

Effect of Transcutaneous Electrical Acupoint Stimulation on Extubation-Related Stress Response in Noncardiac Surgery Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

PURPOSE: Stress response is a common complication during extubation, mainly manifested by dramatic hemodynamic fluctuations. Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) is widely applied in the perioperative period. We performed this meta-analysis to evaluate whether the TEAS could relieve the stress response during extubation in noncardiac surgery patients. DESIGN: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. METHODS: We searched six databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, CNKI, and Wan Fang) for relevant literature. A risk of bias assessment was executed based on the Cochrane Criteria. We applied RevMan5.4.1 software to analyze data. When the χ2 test did not show heterogeneity, we adopted the fixed-effect model. Otherwise, the random-effect model was used. FINDINGS: ln total, 12 randomized controlled trials with 1,347 participants were enrolled in this meta-analysis. Meta-analysis showed the heart rate and mean arterial pressure of the intervention group were significantly lower than the control group at immediately, 5 minutes, and 10 minutes after extubation. The occurrence rate of emergency agitation (RR 0.39, 95% CI [0.26,0.60]) and postoperative delirium (RR 0.40, 95% CI [0.22, 0.72] were also lower in the TEAS group. The consumption of propofol (standardized mean difference (SMD) 0.47, 95% CI [-0.77, -0.18]) and remifentanil (SMD 1.49, 95% CI [-2.01, -0.96]) of the intervention group were also significantly reduced compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS: TEAS was beneficial for improving stress response during extubation, emergence agitation, postoperative delirium, and reduced the consumption of intraoperative propofol and remifentanil, but it was necessary to note the limitations of the current evidence.

Association of preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio with the risk of postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing noncardiac surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

To assess the correlation between preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and risk of postoperative delirium (POD) in older patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus were systematically retrieved from inception until February 2023. Two authors independently conducted the selection of literature, data extraction and statistical analysis. In this meta-analysis, Review Manager 5.4 was used for statistical analysis, and the mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of preoperative NLR between the POD group and non-POD group were calculated. We utilised the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) to evaluate the quality of literature. Further, our meta-analysis used a random-effects model, and publication bias was evaluated by conducting a funnel plot. The correlation between preoperative NLR and POD was the primary outcome, and the secondary outcome was the association of other prognostic factors with the risk of POD. This meta-analysis included seven studies with 2424 patients, of whom 403 were diagnosed with POD with an incidence of 16.63%. Results indicated a positive correlation between preoperative NLR and the risk of POD (MD = 1.06, 95% CI: 0.64-1.49; P < 0.001). Further, our results found that neutrophil counts, advanced age, longer surgery time, diabetes, and elevated C-reactive protein were significantly associated with POD (MD = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.40-1.56; P = 0.001; MD = 4.20, 95% CI: 2.90-5.51; P < 0.001; MD = 0.15, 95% CI: 0.05-0.25; P < 0.01; OR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.08-1.86; P = 0.01; MD = 1.26, 95% CI: 0.36-2.16; P < 0.01). Other factors including lymphocyte counts, hypertension and male gender were not significantly associated with POD (MD = -0.11, 95% CI: -0.27 to 0.05; P > 0.05; OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 0.91-1.58, P > 0.05; OR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.00-1.63; P = 0.05). Our meta-analysis indicated a positive correlation between preoperative NLR and the risk of POD in older noncardiac surgery patients.

Confinement of Organic Dyes in UiO-66-Type Metal-Organic Frameworks for the Enhanced Synthesis of [1,2,5]Thiadiazole[3,4-g]benzoimidazoles.

Organic dyes as non-noble metal photosensitizers have attracted increasing attention due to their environmental friendliness and sustainability but suffer from fast deactivation and low stability. Here, we reported a fruitful strategy by the confinement and stabilization of visible light-active signal unit organic dyes within the metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and developed a series of heterogeneous photocatalysts dye@UiO-66s [dye = fluorescein (FL)/rhodamine B (RhB)/eosin Y (EY), UiO-66s = UiO-66, and Bim-UiO-66]. It has been demonstrated that the encapsulated dyes can effectively sensitize MOF hosts and dominate the band structures and photocatalytic activities of dye@UiO-66s regardless of the ligand functionalization of MOFs. Photocatalytic experiments showed that these dye@UiO-66s exhibit enhanced activities relative to free dyes and among them, FL@Bim-UiO-66 displays excellent efficiencies toward the green synthesis of new carbon-bridged annulations, [1,2,5]thiadiazole[3,4-g]benzoimidazoles in the yield of up to 98% at room temperature with outstanding stability and reusability. Furthermore, the intramolecular cyclization intermediate was captured and characterized by the single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.

High-velocity measurement method in dual-frequency laser interference tracker based on beam expander and acousto-optic modulator.

The laser tracker, as a new large-scale measuring instrument of combining conventional measurement technology and modern control technology, has the advantages of intelligence, portability, large measurement space, high measurement accuracy and short detection period. However, the laser tracker has strict requirements on the moving speed of the spherically mounted retroreflector. This deficiency not only limits the application of the measuring instrument in the field of high-velocity measurement, but also greatly reduces the measurement efficiency. In this work, we analyze the factors that affect the tracking velocity of the laser tracker, and propose for the first time to use the beam expander device to improve the transverse tracking measurement velocity of the instrument. The experimental results show that the laser tracker miss distance can reach 2.25 mm. The transverse tracking velocity and acceleration can reach 4.34 m/s and 2.4 g, respectively. Additionally, the acousto-optic modulator is used to increase the frequency difference between the reference beam and the measuring beam, so that the value is greater than 19 MHz. The radial tracking measurement velocity can reach 6.2 m/s. The high-velocity laser interference tracker developed by this new method can be used in the field of large-scale space precision measurement such as nuclear power, medical treatment and rail transit.

Solvato-Controlled Assembly and Structural Transformation of Emissive Poly-NHC-Based Organometallic Cages and Their Applications in Amino Acid Sensing and Fluorescence Imaging.

Stimuli-induced structural transformation of supramolecular cages has drawn increasing attention because of their sensitive feature to external variations as model systems to simulate biological processes. However, combining structural transformation and useful functions has remained a difficult task. This study reports the solvato-controlled self-assembly of two unique topologies with different emission characteristics, a water-soluble Ag8 L4 cage (A) and an Ag4 L2 cage (B), produced from the same sulfonate-pendant tetraphenylethene (TPE) bridged tetrakis-(1,2,4-triazolium) ligand. Both cages show interesting solvent-responsive reversible structural transformation, and the change of fluorescence signals can efficiently track the process. Additionally, water-soluble cage A exhibits unique properties in thermochromism, thiol amino acid sensing, and subcellular imaging in aqueous media.

Transcutaneous Electrical Acupoint Stimulation Pretreatment Alleviates Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats by Modulating Microglia Polarization and Neuroinflammation Through Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway.

Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) may lead to severe disability even death, but the strategies for prevention and treatment are still limited. Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) has been reported to have a significant neuroprotection against CIRI, but the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. In this study, we established a focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model in male Sprague-Dawley rats. TEAS pretreatment was applied to Baihui (GV20), Sanyinjiao (SP6) and Zusanli (ST36) acupoints for 5 consecutive days before CIRI. After 24 h reperfusion, the brain damage was assessed using Zea-Longa score, brain water content (BWC) and infarct volume. Meanwhile, the number of activated microglia and the TNF-α were detected by immunofluorescence and ELISA respectively. Moreover, Western Blot and RT-qPCR were conducted to detect the proteins and mRNA expressions of Nrf2, HO-1, iNOS and Arg-1. We found that TEAS pretreatment significantly reduced Longa score, BWC, infarct volume and the number of activated microglia. Besides, TEAS pretreatment increased Nrf2 and HO-1 levels, while lowered the expression of TNF-α. Subsequently, we also discovered that the microglia M1 phenotype maker iNOS decreased and the M2 maker Arg-1 increased after TEAS pretreatment. However, these effects of TEAS pretreatment were markedly eliminated by brusatol. These findings clearly suggested that TEAS pretreatment exerted neuroprotection against CIRI, which might be related to modulating microglia polarization and neuroinflammation via Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.

Incidence and risk factors for postoperative delirium after head and neck cancer surgery: an updated meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Postoperative delirium (POD) is a frequent neurologic dysfunction that often leads to more negative outcomes. Early identification of patients who are vulnerable to POD and early implementation of appropriate management strategies could decrease its occurrence and improve patient prognosis. Therefore, this meta-analysis comprehensively and quantitatively summarized the prevalence and related predictive factors of POD in head and neck cancer surgical patients. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched for observational studies that reported the prevalence and risk factors for POD after head and neck cancer surgery and were published from their inception until December 31, 2022. Two reviewers independently selected qualified articles and extracted data. The qualities of related papers were assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS). RevMan 5.3 and Stata 15.0 were applied to analysis the data and conduct the meta-analysis. RESULTS: Sixteen observational studies with 3289 inpatients who underwent head and neck cancer surgery were included in this review. The occurrence of POD ranged from 4.2 to 36.9%, with a pooled incidence of 20% (95% CI 15-24%, I2 = 93.2%). The results of this pooled analysis demonstrated that the statistically significant risk factors for POD were increased age (OR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.03-1.07, P < 0.001), age > 75 years (OR: 6.52, 95% CI: 3.07-13.87, P < 0.001), male sex (OR: 2.29, 95% CI: 1.06-4.97, P = 0.04), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists grade (OR: 2.19, 95% CI: 1.44-3.33, P < 0.001), diabetes mellitus (OR: 2.73, 95% CI: 1.24-6.01, P = 0.01), and history of smoking (OR: 2.74, 95% CI: 1.13-6.65, P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: POD frequently occurs after head and neck cancer surgery. Several independent predictors for POD were identified, which might contribute to identifying patients at high risk for POD and play a prominent role in preventing POD in patients following head and neck cancer surgery.

Incorporating a D-A-D-Type Benzothiadiazole Photosensitizer into MOFs for Photocatalytic Oxidation of Phenylsulfides and Benzylamines.

Oxidation and removal of highly toxic sulfides and amines are particularly important for environmental and human security but remain challenging. Here, incorporating an excellent photosensitizer, donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D)-type 4,4'-(benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole-4,7-diyl)dibenzoic (H2L), into metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has been manifested to promote the charge separation, affording four three-dimensional (3D) MOFs (isostructural 1-Co/1-Zn with Co2/Zn2 units, and 2-Gd/2-Tb with Gd/Tb-cluster chains) as photocatalysts in the visible light-driven air-O2-mediated catalytic oxidation and removal of hazardous phenylsulfides and benzylamines. Impressively, structure-property correlation illustrated that the transition metal centers assembled in MOFs play an important role in the photocatalytic activity, and we can conclude that 1-Zn can be a robust heterogeneous catalyst possessing good light adsorption and fast charge separation in oxidation removal reactions of both benzylamines and phenylsulfides under visible light irradiation and room temperature with excellent activity/selectivity, stability, and reusability.

Associated factors for postoperative delirium following major abdominal surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: Postoperative delirium (POD) is a common postsurgical complication. The early identification of its risk factors is the first step toward reducing POD. The predictive factors for POD in patients after major abdominal surgery remain obscure. Therefore, this meta-analysis aimed to comprehensively summarize the risk factors of POD after major abdominal surgery. METHODS: POD studies published between January, 1900 and June 2022 were obtained by searching PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, and Medline. Two authors independently reviewed the studies to extract the risk factors and assessed the quality of related articles using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Data were recorded, and a meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager version 5.4.1. RESULTS: Ten studies including total 2900 patients undergoing major abdominal surgery, were eligible for analysis, 608 of whom developed POD, for a cumulative incidence of 21%. This pooled analysis suggested the statistically significant risk factors for POD were age, higher American Society of Anesthesiologists grade, lower preoperative Mini-Mental State Examination score, cognitive impairment, preoperative Katz-ADL score <6, preoperative and postoperative hypoalbuminemia, lower preoperative insulin-like growth factor-1 levels, and longer duration of anesthesia. CONCLUSION: POD is common in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. This meta-analysis identified risk factors that may aid the early detection of POD and play a prominent role in preventing POD.

Near-zero beam drift laser tracking and measurement system with two-stage compression structures.

This paper introduces a scheme of near-zero beam drift tracking technology with two-stage compression structures for the coordinate accuracy measurement of a laser tracker. The Galileo telescope system, with a magnification of 21.43, is designed to compress the beam drift in a dual-frequency interferometer. The azimuth and pitch of the beam drift are compressed to 2.41 in. and 2.92 in., and the compression rates are 95.0% and 91.9%, respectively. The improved four degrees of freedom position-sensitive detector system is used to further compress the beam drift. The peak-to-peak value of the beam drift is 0.9 in. in the azimuth direction and 2.1 in. in the pitch direction. The standard deviation of azimuth is within 0.15 in, and the pitch is within 0.43 in. The coordinate accuracy of the laser tracker can be improved 6.85 parts per million by simulation. The developed two-stage compression near-zero beam drift system can be used in the laser tracker to realize large-scale precision instrument geometric measurement.

Two New Amides from Physochlainae Radix.

In this article, two undescribed amides (1-2) with an unusual (2-formyl-5-hydroxymethyl)pyrroyl-butylamine moiety were obtained from the Physochlainae Radix. Comprehensive spectroscopic studies, including NMR and HR-ESI-MS, coupling with spectroscopic data comparisons were used to determine structures. Anti-inflammatory assay results showed that new amides possessed significant inhibitory activities of the NO production of LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells, with IC50 values of 17.52±1.68 µM and 20.37±2.42 µM, respectively.