[Clinical characteristics and prognosis analysis of gastric cancer patients with bone metastasis].

Objectives: To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of bone metastasis of gastric cancer, analyze the influencing factors of bone metastasis and the effects of different treatment methods, and provide a basis for early detection and treatment optimization of bone metastasis of gastric cancer. Methods: A total of 142 gastric cancer patients with bone metastasis admitted to the First Hospital of Lanzhou University from January 2011 to December 2021 were enrolled, including 60 cases of simple bone metastasis and 82 cases of bone metastasis combined with extraosseous metastasis. 142 patients with stage Ⅲgastric cancer without distant metastasis and 142 gastric cancer patients with visceral metastasis admitted to this hospital during the same period were also enrolled for comparison. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the influencing factors of bone metastasis, and the Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to evaluate the influencing factors of overall survival (OS) of patients with bone metastasis. Results: Among the 142 patients with bone metastasis, poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma was the main type (123 cases), and 45 patients had simultaneous bone metastasis. Rib metastasis (100 cases), spine metastasis (88 cases), and pelvis metastasis (84 cases) were more common. A total of 110 patients had multiple bone metastasis, and 82 patients had extraosseous metastasis. Results of the stage Ⅲ gastric cancer group, the visceral metastasis group, the bone metastasis group, and the bone metastasis with extraosseous metastasis group were compared. There were significant differences in age, degree of differentiation, Borrmann type, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, serum calcium, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase isoenzyme, lymphocyte, hemoglobin, platelet, CEA, CA19-9, and CA724 (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that Borrmann type was an independent protective factor of bone metastasis of gastric cancer (type 3: OR=0.07, 95%CI: 0.01-0.64, P=0.018). Alkaline phosphatase (OR=2.54, 95% CI: 1.07-6.01, P=0.034), serum calcium (OR=2.71, 95% CI: 1.15-6.41, P=0.023), creatine kinase isoenzyme (OR=16.33, 95% CI: 1.83-145.58, P=0.012), platelet (OR=10.08, 95% CI:1.89-53.85, P=0.007), and CA19-9 (OR=2.40, 95% CI: 1.14-5.05, P=0.021) were independent risk factors of bone metastasis of gastric cancer. The median OS of the stage Ⅲ gastric cancer group, the visceral metastasis group, the bone metastasis group, and the bone metastasis with extrabony group were 47, 13, 18, and 6 months, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). The median OS of patients with bone metastasis only who underwent primary tumor surgery was 33 months, better than 6 months of patients without surgery (P=0.048). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that extraosseous metastasis (HR=2.45, 95% CI: 1.56-3.85, P<0.001) and decreased hemoglobin (HR=1.54, 95%CI: 1.02-2.34, P=0.042) were independent risk factors of OS of gastric cancer patients with bone metastasis. Conclusions: The prognosis of gastric cancer patients with bone metastasis alone is significantly better than that of other stage Ⅳ patients. For such patients, surgery on the primary site combined with chemotherapy after full evaluation may prolong the survival time.

[Current status of local treatment for multifocal / multicentric breast cancer].

The detection rate of multifocal / multicentric breast cancer (MMBC) is increasing, and the local treatment of MMBC is attracting more attention. Relevant research focuses on the selection of surgical methods, the application of radiotherapy, and the feasibility of local ablation. Currently, due to the high rate of local recurrence in breast conserving surgery, most Chinese doctors recommend mastectomy to patients with MMBC. Recent studies have shown that with the development of imaging technology, surgical techniques, accurate judgment of the resection margin, the emergence of new therapeutic drugs and the improvement of the accuracy of radiotherapy, for eligible patients with MMBC, breast conserving surgery did not increase the local recurrence rate while ensuring negative margin and cosmetic results. Whether patients with MMBC must receive adjuvant radiotherapy after mastectomy is controversial, with some evidence suggesting that MMBC may increase the risk of local recurrence and should be an important consideration for radiotherapy, and there is also evidence that the local recurrence rate of MMBC was higher regardless of the type of surgery. In general, the local treatment modality for MMBC is essentially the same as that for unifocal breast cancer, but more prospective studies are needed for further evaluation.

Differentiation of giant cell tumours of bone, primary aneurysmal bone cysts, and aneurysmal bone cysts secondary to giant cell tumour of bone: using whole-tumour CT texture analysis parameters as quantitative biomarkers.

AIM: To determine whether computed tomography (CT) texture analysis parameters can be used as quantitative biomarkers to help differentiate giant cell tumour of bones (GCTs), primary aneurysmal bone cysts (PABCs), and aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs) secondary to giant cell tumours of bone (GABCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and seven patients with 63 GCTs, 31 PABCs, and 13 GABCs were analysed retrospectively. All patients underwent preoperative CT. Two radiologists independently evaluated the qualitative features of the CT images and extracted texture parameters. Patient demographics, qualitative features, and texture parameters among GCTs, PABCs, and GABCs were compared statistically. Differences in these parameters between ABCs and GCTs were also assessed. ROC curves were obtained to determine optimal parameter values. RESULTS: The best preoperative CT parameters to differentiate GCTs, PABCs, and GABCs included one qualitative feature (location around the knee) and four texture parameters (95th percentile, maximum intensity, skewness, and kurtosis). Age and three texture parameters (5th percentile, inhomogeneity, and kurtosis) enabled statistically significant differentiation between GCTs and ABCs. Combination of the above four parameters generated the largest area under the ROC curve (AUC) for the differentiation of GCTs and ABCs. CONCLUSION: CT texture analysis parameters can be used as quantitative biomarkers for preoperative differentiation among GCTs, PABCs, and GABCs.

[Preliminary insights into the practice of hypoallergenic home visiting program].

Allergic diseases affect about 40% of the world's population. Environmental factors are important in the occurrence and development of allergic diseases. Dust mites are one of the most important allergens in the indoor environment. The World Health Organization proposes the "four-in-one, combination of prevention and treatment" treatment principle for allergic diseases, in which environmental control to avoid or reduce allergens is the first choice for treatment. Modern people spend much more time at home (including sleeping) than outdoors, and the control of the home environment is particularly critical. This practice introduces the hypoallergenic home visit program, which including home environment assessment, environmental and behavioral intervention guidance, and common household hypoallergenic supplies and service guidance for the patient's home environment. The real-time semi-quantitative testing of dust mite allergens, qualitative assessments of other indoor allergens, record of patients' household items and lifestyle, and precise, individualized patient prevention and control education will be conducted. The hypoallergenic home visit program improves the doctors' diagnosis and treatment data dimension, and becomes a patient management tool for doctors outside the hospital. It also helps patients continue to scientifically avoid allergens and irritants in the environment, effectively build a hypoallergenic home environment, reduce exposure to allergens in the home environment, and achieve the goal of combining the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases.

[Diagnosis and treatment procedures and health management for patients with hereditary angioedema].

As a recognized rare and highly fatal disease, hereditary angioedema (HAE) is difficult to diagnose and characterized by recurrent edema involving the head, limbs, genitals and larynx, etc. Diagnosis of HAE is not difficult. However, low incidence and lack of clinical characteristics lead to difficulty of doctors on timely diagnosis and correct intervention for HAE patients. Therefore, it is crucial to improve the awareness of this disease and prevent its recurrence. for HAE patients. In view of absent cognition of doctors and the general public on HAE, patients often suffer from sudden death or become disabled due to laryngeal edema which cannot be treated in time. Thus, based on the Internet mobile terminal platform, the team set up an all-day rapid emergency response system which is provided for HAE patients by setting up "one-click help". The aim is to offer optimization on overall management of HAE and designed the intelligent follow-up management to provide timely assistance and specialized suggestion for patients with acute attacks.

Deep Underground Laboratory Measurement of

The ^{13}C(α,n)^{16}O reaction is the main neutron source for the slow-neutron-capture process in asymptotic giant branch stars and for the intermediate process. Direct measurements at astrophysical energies in above-ground laboratories are hindered by the extremely small cross sections and vast cosmic-ray-induced background. We performed the first consistent direct measurement in the range of E_{c.m.}=0.24 to 1.9 MeV using the accelerators at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory and Sichuan University. Our measurement covers almost the entire intermediate process Gamow window in which the large uncertainty of the previous experiments has been reduced from 60% down to 15%, eliminates the large systematic uncertainty in the extrapolation arising from the inconsistency of existing datasets, and provides a more reliable reaction rate for the studies of the slow-neutron-capture and intermediate processes along with the first direct determination of the alpha strength for the near-threshold state.

[Trend analysis of influenza vaccination among hospitalized elderly people in Beijing, 2013-2019].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the influenza vaccination trend of hospitalized elderly people (≥ 60 years old) in Beijing from 2013 to 2019. METHODS: The influenza vaccination status and hospitalization information of elderly people were extracted from the Beijing Elderly Influenza Vaccination database (2013-2019) and the Beijing Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance database (2013-2019), se-parately. The influenza vaccine coverage rates and annual percentage change were calculated to compare the vaccination trends of elderly people hospitalized due to different diseases. The subjects in 2018-2019 influenza season were divided into different groups according to demographic status, health conditions and hospitalization outcomes to describe and compare the distribution of influenza vaccination rates. RESULTS: The influenza vaccine coverage rates among the elderly people hospitalized due to cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, respiratory diseases or diabetes mellitus were 14.6%, 13.4%, 13.4% and 11.8%, respectively. The influenza vaccination rate among those hospitalized for cardiovascular diseases remained the highest across six influenza seasons and those hospitalized for diabetes mellitus remained the lowest. The largest annual decline of influenza vaccine coverage rate was observed among the hospitalized elderly due to diabetes mellitus (-7.85%). The distribution of vaccinated population was significantly associated with age, gender, hospitalization outcome and comorbidities among the hospitalized elderly people with specific diseases in 2018-2019. Among the elderly people hospitalized due to four different diseases, the vaccination rate of the patients aged 70-79 years was higher than that of the other age groups and that of the patients aged 60-69 years was the lowest. Among the elderly people hospitalized due to respiratory diseases, the vaccination rate of men was higher than that of women, while the situation reversed among the elderly people hospitalized due to cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus. Vaccination rates decreased among the older adults with poor hospitalization outcomes. Among the elderly people hospitalized due to diabetes mellitus, those with 0 comorbidity had the lowest vaccination rate (7.9%). CONCLUSION: The trend of influenza vaccine coverage rates among the elderly people in Beijing from 2013 to 2019 was downward. We should pay more attention to influenza vaccination in elderly people with diabetes mellitus and aged 60-69 years, and carry out more research on the protective effects of influenza vaccine to promote influenza vaccine coverage among people with chronic diseases.

[Evaluation of safety and immunogenicity of hepatitis E vaccine in maintenance hemodialysis patients].

Objective: To evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of hepatitis E vaccine(HEV)in Maintenance hemodialysis(MHD)patients. Methods: Based on an open-labeled controlled trial, from May 2016 to March 2018, 35 eligible MHD patients were recruited in the Hemodialysis Center of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University as the experimental group, and 70 MHD patients with matched age, gender and underlying diseases as the control group. The experimental group received HEV at 0, 1 and 6 months according to the standard vaccination procedures, while the control group received routine diagnosis and treatment without vaccine and placebo injection to observe the safety and immunogenicity of the vaccine. The safety of vaccine in MHD population was evaluated by the incidence of adverse reactions/events in the experimental and control groups. The immunogenicity of HEV in MHD patients was evaluated by comparing the data from the phase Ⅲ clinical trial. Results: The overall incidence of adverse reactions/events was 17.1% (18/105), and there were no grade 3-4 adverse reactions/events related to vaccination. In the experimental group, the incidence of local adverse reactions/events was 20.0% (7/35), and the incidence of systemic adverse reactions/events was 17.1% (6/35).There was no significant difference in the incidence of systemic adverse reactions/events between the experimental group and the control group (P>0.05). There were 23 patients receiving 3 doses with the standard schedule. The positive rate of HEV-IgG antibody was 100% and the GMC was 14.47(95%CI:13.14-15.80) WU/ml, which showed no significant difference compared with the 46 patients in Phase Ⅲ clinical trial (t=-1.04, P>0.05). Conclusion: Recombinant HEV has good safety and immunogenicity in MHD patients.

[Relationships between lead-induced learning and memory impairments and gut microbiota disturbance in mice].

Objective: To explore the effect of lead exposure on the neurobehavior and gut microbiota community structure in mice. Methods: In August 2019, 64 C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group (0 ppm) , low lead exposure group (20 mg/l) , medium lead exposure group (100 mg/l) and high lead exposure group (500 mg/l) . During the experiment, they were free to eat and drink. The drinking water of the lead exposure group was mixed with lead acetate, and sodium acetate was added in the control group. After 10 weeks of exposure, the Morris water maze was used to test the learning and memory ability of each group of mice, and then they were sacrificed for sampling. ICP-MS was used to detect lead content in whole blood and brain tissue. ELISA was used to determine the level of IL-1ß in mouse serum. 16S rRNA sequencing was used to detect the structural diversity of the intestinal flora in feces, and then the correlation between the flora and behavior indicators was analyzed. Results: In the Morris water maze experiment, compared with the control group, there was no significant difference in the body weight and swimming speed of the mice in the lead exposure groups. The escape latency of the mice in the 100 mg/l and 500 mg/l dose groups was prolonged, and the number of platform crossings decreased (P<0.05) ; meanwhile, the staying time of the mice in the 500 mg/l Pb-treated group in the target quadrant was lower than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) . Compared with the control group, the blood lead content of the mice in each lead exposure group was significantly increased, and the brain lead content of mice in the 500 mg/l dose group was significantly elevated (P<0.05) . The serum IL-1ß levels of mice in each lead exposure group were higher than those of the control group (P<0.05) . At the phylum level, the relative abundance of the Proteobacteria phylum in all of Pb-treated groups was significantly increased (P<0.05) ; at the genus level, Allobaculum, Desulfovibrio, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, Turicibacter and Ureaplasma were significantly increased (P<0.05) . Among them. The relative abundance of Desuffaoibrio, Turici bacter, and Ureaplasma was negatively correlated with the residence time of mice in the quadrant of the platform (r=-0.32, -0.29, -0.44, P<0.05) . Conclusion: Lead exposure induced learning and memory impairments in mice, which may be related to the disturbance of the gut microbiota.

[Research progress on the correlation between small dense low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease].

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), a series of cardiovascular diseases based on atherosclerosis, has attracted more clinical attention. However, with the increase of population-based research results, the diagnostic value of traditional blood lipid parameters such as low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) is showing limitations. In recent years, a large number of studies have confirmed that small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (sdLDL-C) has lower affinity with low-density lipoprotein receptor, longer circulation time and easier to penetrate arterial endothelium, so it has stronger atherogenic effect. Therefore, we summarize the common detection methods of sdLDL-C, the research progress of the correlation between sdLDL-C and ASCVD risk, as well as the intervention measures and influencing factors of sdLDL-C level, in order to deepen the clinician's understanding of the role of sdLDL-C in ASCVD and achieve the early prevention, early detection and early diagnosis of chronic atherosclerosis.

MicroRNA-126 Attenuates the Effect of Chemokine CXCL8 on Proliferation, Migration, Apoptosis, and MAPK-Dependent Signaling Activity of Vascular Endothelial Cells Cultured in a Medium with High Glucose Concentration.

We studied the mechanisms by which microRNA-126 regulates proliferation and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) cultured in a medium with high glucose concentration and treated with chemokine CXCL8. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration were analyzed by the CCK-8 assay, Annexin V-PI staining, and Transwell assay, respectively. The ratios of p-ERK/ERK, p-P38/P38, p-JNK/JNK were determined by ELISA. HUVEC cells cultured in the presence of high glucose concentration (30 mmol/ml) and treated with CXCL8 (50 ng/ml) demonstrated more intensive proliferation, migration, and p-ERK/ERK, p-P38/P38, and p-JNK/JNK ratios and significantly lower apoptosis rate than control cells (high glucose, no treatment) and cells treated with CXCL8 and transfected with microRNA-126-mimic. Thus, microRNA-126 regulates proliferation and migration of HUVEC cells cultured in the presence of high glucose concentrations and treated with CXCL8 through inhibition of MAPK signaling pathway.

[Clinical application and research progress of balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration in the treatment of gastric varices with decompensated liver cirrhosis].

Gastric varices are one of the serious complications of liver cirrhotic portal hypertension. Balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (BRTO), as an interventional treatment method, can effectively prevent and control gastroesophagel variceal bleeding. Simultaneously, it has an obvious effect in the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy and liver function improvement. This article reviews the clinical application and research progress of BRTO at home and abroad in recent years, with a view to provide reference for clinical treatment.

Double-cone ignition scheme for inertial confinement fusion.

While major progress has been made in the research of inertial confinement fusion, significant challenges remain in the pursuit of ignition. To tackle the challenges, we propose a double-cone ignition (DCI) scheme, in which two head-on gold cones are used to confine deuterium-tritium (DT) shells imploded by high-power laser pulses. The scheme is composed of four progressive controllable processes: quasi-isentropic compression, acceleration, head-on collision and fast heating of the compressed fuel. The quasi-isentropic compression is performed inside two head-on cones. At the later stage of the compression, the DT shells in the cones are accelerated to forward velocities of hundreds of km s-1. The head-on collision of the compressed and accelerated fuels from the cone tips transfer the forward kinetic energy to the thermal energy of the colliding fuel with an increased density. The preheated high-density fuel can keep its status for a period of approximately 200 ps. Within this period, MeV electrons generated by ps heating laser pulses, guided by a ns laser-produced strong magnetic field further heat the fuel efficiently. Our simulations show that the implosion inside the head-on cones can greatly mitigate the energy requirement for compression; the collision can preheat the compressed fuel of approximately 300 g cm-3 to a temperature above keV. The fuel can then reach an ignition temperature of greater than 5 keV with magnetically assisted heating of MeV electrons generated by the heating laser pulses. Experimental campaigns to demonstrate the scheme have already begun. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Prospects for high gain inertial fusion energy (part 1)'.

[Effects of direct antiviral agent on the frequency of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and their activating factors sCD14s and CD163 in patients with chronic hepatitis C].

Objective: To explore the effects of direct antiviral agent (DAAs) on the frequency of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and their activating factors sCD14s and CD163 in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Methods: Data of 15 treatment-naive chronic hepatitis C patients and 10 healthy controls were collected. Patients with chronic hepatitis C were treated with DAAs for 12 weeks. Blood samples were collected at 0, 4 and 12 weeks respectively, and blood samples of healthy controls were used as controls. Flow cytometry was used to detect the frequency of classical CD14(++)CD16(-) mononuclear cells and pro-inflammatory CD14(+)CD16(+) mononuclear cells in peripheral blood. Serum sCD14s and sCD163 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The comparison between the two groups was performed by t-test. The comparison between multiple groups was performed by analysis of variance, and further pairwise comparison was performed by LSD-t test. Results: Prior DAAs treatment, peripheral blood CD14(+)CD16(+) mononuclear cell frequency (18.49% ± 1.54% vs. 10.65% ± 0.83%), serum sCD14s [(64 407.38 ± 5778.49) pg/ml vs. (28 370.76 ± 2 357.68 ) pg/ml] and sCD163 [(22 853.80 ± 4 137.61) pg/ml vs. (2 934.41 ± 223.31) pg/ml] were all higher than healthy controls (P < 0.05), while the frequency of CD14(++)CD16(-) mononuclear cells in peripheral blood was lower than healthy controls (59.14%±0.54% vs. 72.75%±1.31%, P < 0.01). During DAAs treatment, CD14(+)CD16(+) mononuclear cells frequency, serum sCD14 and sCD163 were all decreased significantly. After 12 weeks of treatment, CD14(+)CD16(+) mononuclear cells had decreased to nearly normal level (12.42% ± 1.60% vs. 10.65% ± 0.83%, P > 0.05), and serum sCD14 and scd163 were still higher than those of healthy controls [sCD14: (44 390.06 ± 3 330.17) pg / ml vs. (28 370.76 ± 2 357.68) pg/ml, Scd163: (11 494.79 ± 1 836.97) pg / ml vs. (2 934.41 ± 223.31) pg / ml, P < 0.01], while the frequency of CD14(++)CD16(-)mononuclear cells had gradually increased during the course of treatment and neared healthy control level after 12 weeks of treatment. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (71.54) % ± 2.99% vs. 72.75% ± 1.31%, P > 0.05). Conclusion: DAAs therapy can reduce the activation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with chronic hepatitis C.

[Airway parameters and reference value range of high-resolution CT reconstruction in general population].

Objective: To investigate the measurement of small airways by high-resolution CT and image post-processing software. Screen and analyze the reconstructed airway parameters in order to find the best imaging biomarker parameters of small airway changes and calculate the reference value range; meanwhile, explore its influencing factors. Methods: From a water plant and a medical school, 169 cases of the general population aged 20 to 60 were selected as research objects, and questionnaire surveys and CT tests were performed, and CT data were reconstructed with image post-processing software. The reference value range of the general population was evaluated, and a linear mixed effect model was used to adjust the age, gender, height, BMI, and smoking status, and analyze the influencing factors of airway parameters. Results: The ratio of sixth-grade tracheal wall area to total tracheal area in the Left B1+2 to carina was (53.01±13.35) %, Left B9 to carina was (50.44±12.98) %, Right B1 to carina was (52.73±12.22) %, and Right B9 to carina was (52.93±11.85) %. The ratio of nineth-grade tracheal wall area to total tracheal area in the Left B1+2 to carina was (44.08±14.66) %, Left B9 to carina was (42.44±15.89) %, Right B1 to carina was (46.51±14.03) %, and Right B9 to carina is (43.54±15.87) %. BMI affect the area of the tracheal wall, all p value<0.05. Conclusion: High-resolution CT small airway morphology can make a preliminary assessment of the susceptible population of small airway-related diseases based on a range of reference values, and prevent and control it in combination with influencing factors.

Knockdown of CERB expression inhibits proliferation and migration of glioma cells line U251.

BACKGROUND: Glioma is a type of tumor that occurs in the brain and accounts for almost 30 % of all brain and central nervous system tumors and 80 % of all malignant brain tumors. In this study, we investigate the role of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) in the progression of glioma. METHODS: Tissue samples from glioma patients were collected and examined for expression of CREB and its correlation with tumor grades. CREB was then knocked down via siRNA to see if reduced expression of CREB affects cell proliferation and migration. Factors involved in cell cycles, adhesion and apoptosis were examined as well. Moreover, CRESP/CAS9 mediated knockout of CREB was conducted and athymic Nude mice model was used to investigate CREB's role in vivo. RESULTS: The evaluated expression level of CREB in glioma patients was correlated with tumor grades. Knockdown of CREB via siRNA in glioma cell line U251 significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of tumor cells. Moreover, CyclinD1 and Bcl-2 expression were reduced, as well as phosphorylation of IRK1/2 and AKT. Additionally, knockout of CREB via CRESP/CAS9 inhibited tumor formation of U251 cells in athymic Nude mice model. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, our data suggest that over expression of CREB may contribute to progression of glioma and knockdown of CREB expression may serve as a novel target for therapy (Tab. 1, Fig. 6, Ref. 25).

[The influence of two calculation methods on the outcomes of Toric intraocular lenses].

Objective: To evaluate the influence of Barrett calculator and AcrySof calculator on astigmatism correction effect. Methods: This is a randomized prospective study. A total of 64 cases (81 eyes) who planed to undergo phacoemulsification at Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital during January 2017 and March 2018 were enrolled and divided into two groups randomly, including of the Barrett calculator group of 34 cases (41 eyes) and the AcrySof calculator group of 30 cases (40 eyes). Preoperative ocular biological parameters were measured using Lenstar LS900. The Toric intraocular lenses (IOL) plans were determined based on Barrett calculator and the AcrySof calculator for the two groups respectively. Subjective optometry was performed by phoropter and Toric IOL alignment was detected by slitlamp examination at 1 and 3 months postoperatively. Statistical analysis was taken with the data of 29 cases (35 eyes) in the Barrett calculator group and 26 cases (35 eyes) in the AcrySof calculator group, there were 20 males (25 eyes) and 35 females (45 eyes) with an average age of (72±10) years. The difference between the predicted residual astigmatism by the two calculators and the residual astigmatism obtained by postoperative optometry is the error of refractive astigmatism (ERA). The magnitude error is the algebraic difference of ERA. Vector error(VE) is a vector difference of ERA. Statistical analysis of magnitude error and VE between the two groups were taken by student's t test or rank sum test. Results: At 1 months and 3 months, the magnitude error absolute value of Barrett calculator group were (0.19±0.16)D, (0.28±0.24)D, and those of AcrySof calculator group were (0.36±0.28)D, (0.46±0.41)D, and the differences were statistically significant (t=-3.050, -2.036, both P<0.05). At 1 month postoperatively, the overall, with-the-rule astigmatism, and against-the-rule astigmatism VE of the Barrett calculator group were (0.30±0.21)D, (0.26±0.22)D, (0.37±0.26)D respectively, and those of the AcrySof calculator group were (0.47±0.33)D, (0.51±0.34)D and (0.52±0.38)D respectively, the differences between the two groups were statistically significant (t=-2.533, -2.436, -2.150, all P<0.05). At 3 months postoperatively, the overall, with-the-rule astigmatism, and against-the-rule astigmatism VE of the Barrett calculator group were (0.37±0.28)D, (0.29±0.17)D, (0.35±0.27)D respectively, and those of the AcrySof calculator group were (0.59±0.46)D, (0.54±0.37)D, (0.64±0.52)D respectively, the differences between the two groups were statistically significant (t=-2.142, -2.038, -2.481, all P<0.05).The difference of X(EV) between the Barrett calculator group and the AcrySof calculator group was statistically significant[-0.13(-0.36-0.80)D vs. 0.19(-1.01-0.71)D, Z=-2.965,P<0.01], and the difference of Y(EV) was statistically significant [-0.02(-0.51-0.64)D vs. -0.15(-0.88-1.10)D, Z=-2.076, P<0.05] at 1 months. There was no significant difference in X(EV) and Y(EV) (both P>0.05) at 3 months. Conelusion: As compared to AcrySof Toric calculator, the application of Barrett calculator in selecting Toric IOL may reduce ERA and improve Toric IOL correction outcomes. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2019, 55:208-213).

Energy enhancement of the target surface electron by using a 200 TW sub-picosecond laser.

One order of magnitude energy enhancement of the target surface electron beams with central energy at 11.5 MeV is achieved by using a 200 TW, 500 fs laser at an incident angle of 72° with a prepulse intensity ratio of 5×10-6. The experimental results demonstrate the scalability of the acceleration process to high electron energy with a longer (sub-picosecond) laser pulse duration and a higher laser energy (120 J). The total charge of the beam is 400±20 pC(E>2.7 MeV). Such a high orientation and mono-energetic electron jet would be a good method to solve the problem of the large beam divergence in fast ignition schemes and to increase the laser energy deposition on the target core.