Health behaviors and multimorbidity associated with bruxism: Population-based study.

OBJECTIVES: Determine the prevalence of possible bruxism in the adult population of Campinas, Brazil, and investigate its association with health behaviors, health status, and multimorbidity. METHODS: A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted with data from the 2014/2015 Campinas Health Survey. The sample was composed of 1986 adults (≥20 years of age). The data were collected with the aid of a pre-coded questionnaire, and the dependent variable was self-reported bruxism (possible bruxism). The prevalence of possible bruxism was estimated according to the independent variables (health-related behaviors, morbidities, demographic and socioeconomic characteristics). A hierarchical model was employed using stepwise backward regression in two stages. Principal component analysis was also performed to identify multimorbidity patterns. RESULTS: The prevalence of possible bruxism was 13.6%. Associations were found with the consumption of alcoholic beverages, sleep quality, and the number of chronic diseases/health problems. Bruxism was more associated with multimorbidity pattern 2, which was composed of asthma, rhinitis, sinusitis, dizziness/vertigo, migraine/headache, emotional/mental problem, back pain, and allergy. CONCLUSION: The present findings justify the planning of actions directed at reducing the consumption of alcoholic beverages and can help guide the health actions of the multidisciplinary team, prioritizing a reduction in the harm caused by the simultaneous presence of health problems associated with possible bruxism.

Is napping related with health-related behaviors and sleep habits among adolescents? A population-based study.

INTRODUCTION: Changes in sleep quality and quantity occur in adolescence and can lead to the compensatory behavior of daytime napping. OBJECTIVE: Analyze factors related to napping in adolescents. METHODS: A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted with 1022 adolescents who participated in the 2014-2015 Health Survey of the city of Campinas, state of São Paulo, Brazil. Napping was the dependent variable. Sociodemographic characteristics, living habits, health-related behaviors, feelings of loneliness, satisfaction with life and nocturnal sleep habits were the independent variables. Data analysis was performed using Rao-Scott chi-square test, unpaired Student's t-test and Poisson regression analysis; p < 0.05 was considered significant. The software STATA was used for analysis. RESULTS: Mean participant age was 14.6 years (SD: 2.7; range: 10 to 19 years). Males accounted for 50.9% of the sample and 55.7% had white skin color. A total of 40.5% reported napping. Napping was more common in females (p = 0.006), the 14-to-17-year-old age group (p = 0.002), those who took medications in the previous 15 days (p = 0.001), those who were insufficiently active (p = 0.036), those who reported little or no satisfaction with life (p = 0.008) and those who woke up in bad mood (p = 0.004). Adolescents who napped also reported shorter sleep during the week (p < 0.001) and a perceived greater need for sleep (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of napping among the adolescents was independently associated with shorter average sleep, a perceived greater need for sleep than that obtained and waking up in a bad mood.

Emotional problems and health-related quality of life: population-based study.

PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of emotional problems on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) according to the type of emotional problem, degree of limitation, and perceived control of the problem with treatment. METHOD: A population-based cross-sectional study with probabilistic stratified cluster sampling was conducted in 2014 and 2015 in the city of Campinas, Brazil. A total of 2145 individuals aged 18 years or older participated in the study. HRQoL was evaluated using the SF-36® questionnaire. The dependent variables were the score of the eight scales of the SF-36®. The independent variables were self-perceived emotional problems, type of emotional problem (according to ICD 10), degree of limitation, and perceived control of the problem with treatment. Mean scores were calculated and regression coefficients were adjusted for sex, age, number of health problems, and chronic diseases using multiple linear regression analysis. RESULTS: The prevalence of emotional problems was 32.7%. Among the individuals with a problem, the mean SF-36® scores were lower on all domains. Regarding the type of emotional problem, a complaint of depression exerted a stronger negative impact on HRQoL scores than anxiety. Moreover, a greater degree of limitation caused by the problem led to lower mean SF-36® scores. The negative impact on HRQoL was substantially greater among those who did not have the problem under control. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the findings underscore the importance of the prevention and control of emotional problems with the aim of reducing the impact on HRQoL.

Social inequalities in the prevalence of self-reported chronic non-communicable diseases in Brazil: national health survey 2013.

BACKGROUND: Considering the high socioeconomic inequalities in Brazil related to occurrence of morbidity and premature mortality, the objective of this study was to analyze inequalities in self-reported prevalence of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD) and in the physical limitations caused by these diseases, among the Brazilian adult population, according to sociodemographic variables. METHODS: This was a population-based cross-sectional study that analyzed information on 60,202 individuals who formed a representative sample of Brazilian adults interviewed for the National Health Survey 2013. Disparities by schooling levels and possession of private health insurance were assessed by calculating the prevalence (P) and prevalence ratio (PR) of each of the 13 NCDs and any associated limitations, while controlling for other socioeconomic and demographic variables. RESULTS: 45 % of the Brazilian adult population reported having at least one NCD. The prevalence ratio was greater among women (1.24 CI 1.21-1.28), individuals over 55 years of age, individuals with low schooling levels (illiterate and incomplete elementary education) (1.08 CI 1.02-1.14) and people living in the Southeast (1.10 CI 1.04-1.16), South (1.26 CI 1.19-1.34) and Central-West (1.11 CI 1.05-1.18) regions of the country. Diseases such as diabetes (1.42 CI 1.13-1.47), hypertension (1.17 CI 1.06-1.28), stroke (2.52 CI 1.74-3.66), arthritis (1.4 CI 1.11-1.77), spinal problems (1.39 CI .1.25-1.56), and chronic renal failure (1.65 CI 1.10.2.46), were more prevalent among adults with low education. For most NCDs, greater reports of limitations were associated with lower schooling levels and lack of private health insurance. CONCLUSION: Populations with lower schooling levels and lack of private health insurance present higher prevalence of various NCD and greater degrees of limitation due to these diseases. Results reveal the extent of social inequalities that persist with regard to occurrence and the impact of NCDs in Brazil.

Social inequalities in health behaviors among Brazilian adults: National Health Survey, 2013.

BACKGROUND: Considering the high socioeconomic inequalities prevailing in Brazil and lifestyle as a strong determinant of morbidity and premature mortality, our purpose was to evaluate the degree of socioeconomic disparities in the prevalence of health behaviors among Brazilian adult population using data from the 2013 Brazilian National Health Survey. METHOD: Based on a sample of 49,025 individuals aged 20 to 59 years, we estimated the prevalence of several health behaviors and a score of unhealthy behaviors according to gender, education, race/color and possession of private health insurance. The prevalence ratios adjusted by age and gender were estimated by means of multiple Poisson regression and the analyses took into account the sampling design. RESULTS: Significant social inequalities were identified in the Brazilian adults. Higher prevalence of current smoking, leisure-time physical inactivity, sedentary lifestyle, whole milk consumption and low ingestion of greens, vegetables, and fruits were observed among the less educated, in the non-white population, and among those without private health insurance. Higher prevalence of heavy episodic drinking was found in the non-white population, but no difference in the consumption of fatty meat was found according to skin color. Score of unhealthy behavior higher than 6 was more frequent in lower educational strata (PR = 3.74) in the non-white population (PR = 1.39) and among those without private health insurance (PR = 1.78). Compared to women, men had higher prevalence rates of smoking, hazardous alcohol consumption, and fatty meat consumption and lower consumption of greens, vegetables and fruits. CONCLUSION: The results of the study emphasize the importance of monitoring social inequalities in health as part of national health policies and the urgent need to prioritize actions to promote healthy behaviors, especially among the most socially vulnerable segments of society.

Social inequalities in indicators of use of healthcare services by adolescents in Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.

This study aimed to analyze the prevalence of indicators of use of healthcare services according to sex, income and race/skin color, in adolescents (aged 10-19 years old) based on data from the Health Survey of the Municipality of Campinas (ISACamp), carried out in 2014/2015 in Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. The chi-square test was used to evaluate the differences between the outcome variables (indicators of use of healthcare service) and sex, income and race/skin color. Adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) were estimated using Poisson multiple regression models. The demand for medical care was high in the last year of the interview (79.2%), mostly attended by the Brazilian Unified National Health System (65.2%), with routine consultations being more prevalent for females (PR = 1.17; 95%CI: 1.01-1.34) and injury for the male population (PR = 0.47; 95%CI: 0.26-0.84). Economic and racial differences were found in the evaluation of the last medical consultation, with a higher prevalence of worse care among those with lower income (PR = 1.46; 95%CI: 1.14-1.87) and black people (PR = 1.27; 95%CI: 1.01-1.61). Inequalities remained for delay or failure to carry out exams (PR = 1.64; 95%CI: 1.02-2.64) and worse quality of dental care (PR = 2.10; 95%CI: 1.38-3.21) in those with lower income. Also, black people had fewer appointments with dentists (PR = 0.90; 95%CI: 0.82-0.99).

Sex differences in the impact of musculoskeletal disorders on health-related quality of life: a population-based study, Campinas, SP - ISACamp 2014/15.

This article aims to estimate the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MD) on the adult population of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil, verifying associated demographic and socioeconomic factors, and to analyze their impact on Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) according to sex. A population-based study was conducted with 2,166 individuals using data from the ISACamp 2014/15. The Medical Outcomes Study SF-36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) was used to measure HRQoL according to MD. Prevalence ratios (PR) were estimated by Poisson regression. Musculoskeletal disorders had a prevalence of 8.5% (6.7% tendonitis and 2.7% work-related musculoskeletal disorders - WMSD). Results showed a higher prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in women, active or on leave due to illness, and in individuals with higher education levels. Moreover, reduced HRQoL scores were observed in 6 of the 8 domains, due to MD. The mental component and physical component showed greater impairment respectively among women and men after self-reported WMSD. These findings point to substantial damage from musculoskeletal disorders on the population's HRQoL. WMSD affect the HRQoL of men and women distinctly.

Impairments and related social inequalities among adults: a population-based study in São Paulo city, Brazil.

The study of the association of social variables with the prevalence of impairments can provide subsidies for more adequate care and health policies for the most needy people by incorporating social aspects. This article aims to estimate the prevalence of diverse types of impairments, the degree of difficulty, limitations, and the need for help they cause and attest whether this prevalence differ by educational attainment in individuals aged 20 years or older. This is a populational cross-sectional study (2015 Health Survey of São Paulo-ISA Capital). Data from 3184 individuals were analyzed via educational attainment as exposure variable and outcome variables related to visual, hearing, intellectual, and mobility impairments. 19.9% of participants had visual, 7.8%, hearing, 2.7%, intellectual, and 7.4%, mobility impairments. Mobility and intellectual impairments limited participants' daily activities the most, 70.3% and 63.3%, respectively; who, thus, needed the most help: 48.9% and 48.5%, respectively. Lower schooling was associated with a higher prevalence of impairments, greater need for help due to visual and intellectual impairments, and greater limitations due to hearing and visual impairments.

Chronic diseases and health conditions in adolescents: Sex inequalities. / Doenças crônicas e problemas de saúde de adolescentes: desigualdades segundo sexo.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of chronic diseases and health conditions in adolescents from Campinas (São Paulo), investigating sex differences according to age group. METHODS: This population-based study analyzed data from the ISACamp 2014/15 health survey, with a total of 1,022 adolescents interviewed. The interviewees consisted of 517 boys and 505 girls; 492 of them in the ten to 14 age group and 530 in the 15 to 19 age group. We verified the associations using the χ2 test with Rao Scott adjustment and estimated prevalence ratios (PR) with multiple Poisson regression adjusted for age. Analyses were also stratified by age group. RESULTS: Respiratory diseases, such as rhinitis (25.3%), sinusitis (15.7%), and asthma (10.9%), were the most prevalent among adolescents. Health complaints were high, especially headaches (39.5%), emotional conditions (34.5%), allergies (27.5%), and back pain (21.3%). More than 22.0% of adolescents reported having three or more health conditions. Girls declared a higher number of health conditions (three or more) than boys (PR=2.27). CONCLUSION: The study showed that adolescents presented a significant number of health conditions, particularly regarding complaints, indicating the need for clinical care and public policies aimed at controlling and preventing these diseases in this age group.

OBJETIVO: Estimar as prevalências de doenças crônicas e problemas de saúde em adolescentes de Campinas (SP), observando as diferenças entre os sexos, por faixa etária. MÉTODOS: Estudo em base populacional, com dados do inquérito de saúde ISACamp de 2014/15, cujas entrevistas com adolescentes totalizaram 1.022. Desses entrevistados, 517 eram meninos e 505, meninas; 492 encontravam-se na faixa de dez a 14 anos e 530 tinham entre 15 e 19 anos. As associações foram verificadas por meio do teste de χ² com ajuste de Rao Scott, e as razões de prevalência (RP) foram estimadas por meio de regressão múltipla de Poisson ajustadas por idade. Também foram feitas análises estratificadas por faixa etária. RESULTADOS: As doenças respiratórias foram as mais prevalentes nos adolescentes como rinite (25,3%), sinusite (15,7%) e asma (10,9%). As queixas de saúde apresentaram-se elevadas, destacando-se as dores de cabeça (39,5%), problemas emocionais (34,5%), alergias (27,5%) e dores nas costas (21,3%). O número de adolescentes que apontaram ter três ou mais problemas de saúde mostrou-se acima de 22,0%. As meninas referiram maior número de problemas de saúde (três ou mais) do que os meninos (RP=2,27). CONCLUSÃO: O estudo demonstrou que os adolescentes apresentaram número expressivo de problemas de saúde, principalmente em relação às queixas, sinalizando que são necessários cuidados clínicos e políticas públicas direcionadas para o controle e prevenção desses agravos nesta faixa etária.

Smoking among Brazilian adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: The social distancing measures during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic resulted in mental suffering among adolescents, leading to risky consumption of psychoactive substances such as tobacco. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the factors associated with tobacco use among adolescents during the COVID-19 social distancing period in Brazil. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study used data from ConVid Adolescentes survey in Brazil. METHODS: Tobacco use was assessed before and during social distancing. The explanatory variables investigated were sex, age, race/skin color, type of school, maternal education, region of residence, adherence to social restriction measures, number of close friends, sleep quality during the pandemic, mood, passive smoking, use of alcoholic beverages during the pandemic, sedentary behavior, and physical activity. A logistic regression model was used for the data analysis. RESULTS: Tobacco use by adolescents did not change during the pandemic (from 2.58% to 2.41%). There was a higher chance of tobacco use among adolescents aged between 16 and 17 years, self-reported black ones, residing in the South and Southeast regions, reported feeling sad and loneliness, had sleeping problems that worsened, were using alcoholic beverages during the pandemic, and were passive smokers at home. Adolescents whose mothers had completed high school or higher, had strict social restrictions, and increased their physical activity during the pandemic had a lower chance of tobacco use. CONCLUSION: Tobacco uses during the COVID-19 pandemic was higher in vulnerable groups, such as black adolescents and those with mental suffering.

Smoking and loneliness in older adults: a population-based study in Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil.

This study aims to analyze the relationship between social isolation and loneliness with smoking in older adults. This is a cross-sectional, population-based study performed with 986 individuals aged 60 years or older. Data were collected from the Health Survey of the Municipality of Campinas (ISACamp 2014/2015), state of São Paulo, Brazil. We estimated the prevalence of smoking and smoking cessation according to independent variables and tested the associations using the chi-square test, considering a 5% significance level. Adjusted prevalence ratios were calculated using simple and multiple Poisson regression. Smoking and smoking cessation were not associated with most variables that indicate objective social isolation. "Often or always" loneliness was related to a higher prevalence of smoking (PR = 2.25; 95%CI: 1.38-3.66) whereas loneliness accompanied of self-reported emotional problems or common mental disorders was strongly associated with smoking and with lower smoking cessation (PR = 6.24; 95%CI: 1.37-28.47 and PR = 0.46; 95%CI: 0.28-0.77, respectively). These findings indicate that loneliness is a psychosocial aspect related to tobacco use which hinders smoking cessation in older adults, emphasizing the importance of emotional problems in this association.

Race (black-white) and sex inequalities in tooth loss: A population-based study.

The effect of health inequalities is determined by different socioeconomic, sex, and race conditions. This study aimed to analyze the association of tooth loss with race (defined by self-reported skin color) and sex. Based on the hypothesis that the association between tooth loss and race may be modified by sex, we also aimed to evaluate possible interactions between race and sex in association with this event, in a population-based study in the city of Campinas, Brazil. A directed acyclic graph was used to select covariates. The prevalence, of tooth loss was 19% higher in black women compared to white men (Prevalence ratio [PR]: 1.19; 95%CI: 1.05-1.34). Moreover, the prevalence of tooth loss in black women was 26% higher than in white women (PR: 1.26; 95%CI: 1.13-1.42); and, within the strata of black people, black women had 14% higher dental loss (PR: 1.14; 95%CI: 1.02-1.27) compared to black men. This study found a significant interaction between race and sex in tooth loss, with a disadvantage for black women. In addition, this work contributes to the discussion of health inequities and can support policies for the provision of universal dental care.

Association of self-reported sleep problems with morbidities and multimorbidities according to sex: National Health Survey 2019. / Associação do autorrelato de problemas no sono com morbidades e multimorbidades segundo sexo: Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde 2019.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between self-reported sleep problems and the presence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and multimorbidity, and whether these associations differ by sex. METHODS: This is a cross sectional study performed with data from the Brazilian National Health Survey, 2019. Prevalence ratios between morbidities, the number of NCDs, and the self-report of sleep problems were estimated by Poisson regression with robust variance, according to sex. RESULTS: This study analysed data from 85,531 Brazilians age ≥ 18 years. The self-reported sleep problems were associated with all the herein studied morbidities and multimorbidities. The prevalence of sleep problems was higher in those who stated one or two (PR = 2.37; 95%CI 2.22;2.54) and three or more NCDs (PR = 4.73; 95%CI 4.37;5.11). Prevalence ratios of the association with diabetes, lung disease, mental disease, renal disease and multimorbidities were higher among males. CONCLUSION: NCDs significantly impacted sleep quality, with a particularly stronger association in both, males and females.

Changes in prevalence and in educational inequalities in Brazilian health behaviors between 2013 and 2019.

Considering the relevance of health behaviors for chronic diseases prevalence and mortality and the increase in income concentration observed in the world and in Brazil, this study aimed to evaluate the changes in the prevalence and in the educational inequalities of Brazilian adult health behaviors between 2013 and 2019. We analyzed data of 49,025 and 65,803 adults (18-59 years of age) from the Brazilian National Health Survey (PNS), 2013 and 2019. Prevalence of health behaviors (smoking, alcohol intake, diet, physical activity and sedentarism) were estimated for three educational strata, for both surveys. Prevalence ratios (PR) between year of survey and between educational strata were estimated by Poisson regression models. Significant reductions were found in the prevalence of smoking, physical inactivity, sedentarism, insufficient consumption of fruits, and the excessive consumption of sweetened beverages. However, an increase was observed in alcohol consumption and binge drinking; vegetable consumption remained stable. Contrasting the favorable change in some behaviors, inequalities among schooling strata remained very high in 2019, specially for smoking (PR = 2.82; 95%CI: 2.49-3.20), passive smoking (PR = 2.88; 95%CI: 2.56-3.23) and physical inactivity (PR = 2.02; 95%CI: 1.92-2.13). There was a significant increase in the educational inequality regarding physical inactivity (21%), insufficient intake of fruit (8%) and in the frequent consumption of sweetened beverages (32%). The persistence and enlargement of inequalities highlight the behaviors and social segments that should be special targets for policies and programs focused in promoting healthy lifestyles.

Effect of chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCDs) on the sleep of Brazilians during the COVID-19 pandemic.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases (CNCDs) on the onset or increase in sleep problems during the COVID-19 pandemic period. The role of the report of sadness or nervousness during the pandemic was also evaluated as a mediator of this association. Data from a behavior survey during COVID-19, conducted in Brazil with 45,161 people (18 years old or older), from April 24 to May 24, 2020, were used. The outcome variable was the onset or increase in sleep problems, and the exposure variable was the presence of CNCDs. The adjusted Odds Ratio of the association between CNCDs and sleep was estimated, and a mediation analysis was performed to test the effect of the report of sadness or nervousness on this association, using the Karlson Holm Breen method. The increase in sleep problems was reported by 44.9% of the population, and 33.9% reported at least one CNCD. The chance of sleep problems was higher among people with diabetes (1.34; 1.05-1.71), hypertension (1.26; 1.06-1.50), and with coronary heart diseases (1.36; 1.13-1.65) or respiratory diseases (1.42; 1.04-1.93). Compared to people without CNCDs, individuals with at least one CNCD had a 36% greater chance of impaired sleep (1.36; 1.19-1.55). The report of sadness or nervousness explained 45.1% of the association between CNCD and sleep. Our findings alert us to care for the emotional state and sleep of chronic patients during the waves of the COVID-19 pandemic, and indicate the need for sleep monitoring in this population.

Mental health of Brazilian adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic.

We aimed to assess the factors associated with frequent sadness and nervousness in Brazilian adolescents, during the Covid-19 pandemic, in 9470 adolescents (aged 12-17 years), interviewed from June 27 to September 17, 2020. Prevalences and prevalence ratios were estimated according to socio-demographic variables and factors related to family, school, friends, and health. Brazilian adolescents often felt sad (32.4%) and nervous (48.7%). Higher prevalences of these feelings were related to: being female; aged 15-17 year; from families with financial difficulties; having learned little or nothing with remote education; missing friends; having few friends; family disagreements; having regular/bad health before the pandemic; and worsened health and sleep during the pandemic. Higher prevalence of nervousness was also found in adolescents who worked before the pandemic and those who reported lack of concentration and not knowing if they had COVID-19. Sadness and nervousness in Brazilian adolescents is high and the need for action by the government, schools, health services, and parents to mitigate the impact of the pandemic on the physical and mental health of adolescents. Special attention must be paid to adolescents with previous health problems and those belonging to the most socially vulnerable population.

Social inequalities in indicators of active aging: a population-based study. / Desigualdades sociais em indicadores de envelhecimento ativo: estudo de base populacional.

The objective of this study was to analyze inequalities in active aging indicators according to race/skin color, level of education, income, and possession of health insurance among 986 older people who participated in the 2014/15 Campinas Health Survey. We estimated the prevalence of participation in 11 activity domains using Poisson regression. The findings reveal similar levels of participation among white and black people in all the domains of the social dimension. The prevalence of work-related physical activity was higher among black people (14.1% compared to 8.2% in white people) and the prevalence of internet use was higher among white people (PR = 2.11). The prevalence of participation in leisure time physical activity, internet use, courses, and in all domains of the social dimension except attendance at religious services was higher among respondents in the highest educational and income groups and among those with health insurance. The findings reveal that older people with a higher income and higher level of education are more likely to participate in activities associated with better health and well-being. The study also shows that older people place a significant demand on Brazil's public health system since individuals who depend exclusively on public health services tend to participate less in activities that are shown to promote health benefits.

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar desigualdades em indicadores de envelhecimento ativo, segundo raça/cor, escolaridade, renda e posse de plano de saúde entre 986 idosos participantes do Inquérito de Saúde de Campinas, São Paulo - 2014/2015. Estimaram-se as prevalências de participação dos idosos em 11 atividades e as razões de prevalência foram calculadas pela regressão de Poisson. Os resultados revelaram que brancos e negros participavam de forma semelhante de todas as atividades da dimensão social, porém na atividade física realizada no trabalho se observou predomínio de negros (14,1% versus 8,2%), e no uso da Internet se constatou maior prevalência de brancos (RP = 2,11). Entre os idosos com maior escolaridade, renda mais elevada e posse de plano de saúde foram observadas maiores prevalências de participação em atividades físicas de lazer, uso da Internet, realização de cursos e atividades sociais, exceto cultos religiosos. Os resultados revelam que os idosos com maior acúmulo de recursos educacionais e financeiros têm mais acesso às atividades que são reconhecidamente associadas à saúde e ao bem-estar. O estudo também identificou importantes demandas para o SUS, pois a população que depende exclusivamente desse sistema apresentou menor participação em atividades benéficas à saúde.

[Falls and health-related quality of life: influence of frequency and location type of falls]. / Quedas e qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde em idosos: influência do tipo, frequência e local de ocorrência das quedas.

This article aims to evaluate health-related quality of life (HRQOL) according to the frequency and characteristics of falls in the elderly. A cross-sectional study was carried out with data from a household health survey conducted in 2014 and 2015, in Campinas, SP. The dependent variables were the SF-36 domains and, the independent ones, the occurrence and the characteristics of the falls. The mean and mean differences of the SF-36 scores were estimated by simple and multiple linear regression. The study reveals that the impact on HRQOL depends significantly on the characteristics of falls. Larger declines and a greater number of SF-36 domains were observed in the elderly who suffered three or more falls (compared to those with one or two falls), reporting falls from fainting/dizziness (compared to falls due to tripping), those who fell at home (versus falls occurring elsewhere) and reported falling limitation in daily activities. Only in the falls with these characteristics did the domain of emotional aspects be affected. The impact on HRQoL, including emotional aspects, depends on the characteristics of the falls that need to be considered in prevention actions and in the control of the consequences of falls in the quality of life of the elderly.

O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (QVRS) segundo a frequência e as características das quedas em idosos. Trata-se de um estudo transversal desenvolvido com dados de inquérito domiciliar de saúde realizado em 2014 e 2015, em Campinas, São Paulo. As variáveis dependentes foram os domínios do SF-36 e, as independentes, a ocorrência e as características das quedas. As médias e as diferenças de médias dos escores do SF-36 foram estimadas por regressão linear simples e múltipla. O estudo revela que o impacto na QVRS depende significativamente das características das quedas. Declínios de maior magnitude e em maior número de domínios do SF-36 foram constatados nos idosos que sofreram três ou mais quedas (em comparação com aqueles com uma ou duas quedas), nos que relataram quedas por desmaio/tontura (comparando com quedas provocadas por tropeção), nos que caíram no domicílio (versus as quedas ocorridas em outros locais) e nos que relataram limitação decorrente das quedas nas atividades diárias. Apenas nas quedas com essas características o domínio de aspectos emocionais se mostrou afetado. O impacto na QVRS, inclusive nos aspectos emocionais, depende das características das quedas, que precisam ser consideradas nas ações de prevenção e no controle das consequências das quedas na qualidade de vida dos idosos.

Socioeconomic inequalities related to noncommunicable diseases and their limitations: National Health Survey, 2019.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze socioeconomic inequalities in the self-reported prevalence of NonCommunicable Diseases (NCDs) and their disabilities in the Brazilian adult population. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with data from the National Health Survey carried out in 2019. The self-reported prevalences of individuals with some noncommunicable diseases were calculated, according to sociodemographic characteristics; and the prevalence and prevalence ratio of these diseases and degrees of disability, according to education and possession of a private health plan. RESULTS: 47.6% of the population reported having at least one noncommunicable diseases. Noncommunicable diseases increased progressively with age and were more prevalent in women (PR 1.13; 95%CI 1.1-1.15), in black (PR 1.04; 95%CI 1.01-1, 06) or brown individuals (PR 1.05; 95%CI 1.01-1.09), illiterate or with incomplete elementary education (PR 1.12; 95%CI 1.08-1.16), in the Southeast (PR 1.10; 95%CI 1.05-1.14) and the South (PR 1.07; 95%CI 1.03-1.12) and among individuals who do not have private health insurance (PR 1.02; 95%CI 1.0-1.05). For the majority of noncommunicable diseases investigated, the highest reports of disabilities were among those with low education and without health insurance. CONCLUSION: adults with less education and without private health plans have a higher prevalence of noncommunicable diseases and a higher degree of disability. Thus, it is important to analyze health indicators in the face of different populations and disparities, in order to understand and monitor health inequalities.

Association of social and economic conditions with the incidence of sleep disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic. / Associação das condições sociais e econômicas com a incidência dos problemas com o sono durante a pandemia de COVID-19.

Sleep is a fundamental aspect for maintaining physical and emotional health, as well as one's well-being. Few studies have assessed the effect of socioeconomic conditions on sleep in the COVID-19 pandemic. Our objective was to analyze the increase or incidence of sleep disorders according to demographic and economic conditions, prior to the pandemic, and according to changes in financial, occupational, and household conditions during the pandemic. This study was conducted via web access, using data from April 24 to May 24, with 45,160 Brazilians (aged 18 or older), with a sample weighted by Brazilian National Household Sample Survey (PNAD) data. Change in sleep quality (outcome), monthly income, effect on family income, occupation/work, gender, age group, marital status, and change in domestic work (exposures) were reported. The percentages of onset or increase of sleep disorders and adjusted odds ratio were estimated. The chance of exacerbation of sleep disorders was 34%, 71%, and twice as high in people with income less than one minimum wage before the pandemic, in those who lost their job and in those who had a great decrease in their income/were without income, respectively. The chance of worsening sleep disorders was 82% higher in women; three times higher (OR = 3.14) in the population aged from 18 to 29, compared to the older adults; and higher with the increase in the amount of housework (OR = 2.21). Financial and occupational factors were determinants in the worsening of self-reported sleep quality, requiring rapid actions on these conditions in order to minimize this effect. Gender, age group, and household routines also deserve attention regarding sleep quality.

O sono é importante para a manutenção da saúde física, emocional e para o bem-estar. Poucos estudos avaliaram o efeito das condições socioeconômicas no sono no período da COVID-19. O objetivo foi analisar o aumento ou a incidência dos problemas do sono segundo condições demográficas e econômicas, prévias à pandemia, e segundo mudanças nas condições financeiras, ocupacionais e tarefas domésticas durante a pandemia. Estudo realizado via web, usando dados de 24 de abril a 24 de maio, com 45.160 brasileiros (18 ou mais), com amostra ponderada pelos dados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD). Mudança na qualidade do sono (desfecho), renda mensal, efeito na renda familiar, na ocupação/trabalho, sexo, faixa etária, situação conjugal e alteração no trabalho doméstico (exposições) foram reportados. Estimamos os percentuais de início ou aumento dos problemas com o sono e os OR ajustados. A chance de exacerbação dos problemas com o sono foi de 34%, 71% e duas vezes maior nas pessoas com renda inferior a um salário mínimo antes da pandemia, nas que perderam o emprego e naquelas que tiveram a renda muito diminuída/ficaram sem renda, respectivamente. A chance de piorar os problemas do sono foi 82% maior nas mulheres; três vezes maior (OR = 3,14) na população com 18 a 29 anos, em relação aos idosos; e maior com o incremento da quantidade de tarefas domésticas (OR = 2,21). Fatores financeiros e ocupacionais foram determinantes na deterioração da qualidade do sono autorreferida, demandando ações rápidas sobre essas condições a fim de minimizar esse impacto. Gênero, faixa etária e rotinas domésticas também merecem atenção em relação à qualidade do sono.

El sueño es importante para mantener la salud física, emocional y bienestar. Pocos estudios evaluaron el efecto de las condiciones socioeconómicas en el sueño durante el período de la COVID-19. El objetivo fue analizar el aumento o incidencia de los problemas del sueño, según condiciones demográficas y económicas, previas a la pandemia, y según cambios en las condiciones financieras, ocupacionales y tareas domésticas durante la pandemia. Estudio realizado vía web, usando datos del 24 de abril al 24 de mayo, con 45 160 brasileños (18 o más), con una muestra ponderada por los datos de la Encuesta Nacional por Muestreo de Hogares (PNAD). Se informó de cambio en la calidad de sueño (desenlace), renta mensual, efecto en la renta familiar, en la ocupación/trabajo, sexo, franja etaria, situación conyugal y alteración en el trabajo doméstico (exposiciones). Estimamos los porcentajes de inicio o aumento de los problemas con el sueño y los OR ajustados. La oportunidad de exacerbación de los problemas con el sueño fue un 34%, 71% y 2 veces mayor en las personas con renta inferior a 1 salarios mínimos antes de la pandemia, en las que perdieron el empleo y en aquellas que tuvieron la renta muy disminuida/se quedaron sin renta, respectivamente. La oportunidad de empeorar los problemas de sueño fue un 82% mayor en las mujeres; tres veces mayor (OR = 3,14) en la población con 18 a 29 años, en relación con los ancianos; y mayor con el incremento de la cantidad de tareas domésticas (OR = 2,21). Los factores financieros y ocupacionales fueron determinantes en el deterioro de la calidad del sueño autoinformada, demandando acciones rápidas sobre estas condiciones, a fin de minimizar este impacto. Género, franja de edad y rutinas domésticas también merecen atención en relación con la calidad del sueño.