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1.
Cell Biol Toxicol ; 38(1): 31-41, 2022 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34021430

RESUMO

Anti-inflammatory and proinflammatory responses in macrophages are influenced by cellular metabolism. Macrophages are the primary phagocyte in mucosal environments (i.e., intestinal tract and lungs) acting as first-line defense against microorganisms and environmental pollutants. Given the extensive contamination of our food and water sources with microplastics, we aimed to examine the metabolic response in macrophages to microplastic particles (MPs). Utilizing murine macrophages, we assessed the metabolic response of macrophages after polystyrene MP phagocytosis. The phagocytosis of MP by macrophages induced a metabolic shift toward glycolysis and a reduction in mitochondrial respiration that was associated with an increase of cell surface markers CD80 and CD86 and cytokine gene expression associated with glycolysis. The gastrointestinal consequences of this metabolic switch in the context of an immune response remain uncertain, but the global rise of plastic pollution and MP ingestion potentially poses an unappreciated health risk. Macrophage phagocytosis of microplastics alters cellular metabolism. - Macrophages cannot degrade PS MP. - MP phagocytosis increases glycolysis in murine macrophages. - MP phagocytosis reduces mitochondrial respiration in murine macrophages.


Assuntos
Microplásticos , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Animais , Trato Gastrointestinal , Macrófagos/química , Camundongos , Microplásticos/toxicidade , Plásticos , Poliestirenos/toxicidade , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise
2.
Transfus Med ; 32(6): 484-491, 2022 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36239101

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the performance and utility of a time-temperature indicator (TTI) to determine the cumulative exposure time (CET) of red cell components (RCC) to temperatures above 10°C occurring within and outside the transfusion laboratory. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Blood centres often use the '30 or 60-min rule' for accepting RCC exposed to room temperature (RT) back into inventory. Effective monitoring of these temperature deviations is however lacking. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A Timestrip PLUS® TP153 10°C (TS + 10) TTI was attached to RCC units after preparation of the unit in the blood bank or on issue to the ward, to track the CET > 10°C during laboratory processing and outside the transfusion laboratory. RESULTS: The mean CET of 153 RCC tracked within the laboratory was 56 min. Sixty-four (41.8%) and 34 (22.2%) of RCC had core temperature (CT) >10°C for more than 30 and 60 min, respectively. Among the 69 RCC that were returned unused, 27 (39.1%), 17 (24.6%) and 5 (7.2%) RCC units had CT >10°C for more than 30, 60 and 120 min respectively. CONCLUSION: A large proportion of RCC have CT >10°C exceeding 30 min during handling within the transfusion laboratory, as well as when RCC are returned unused from transfusion locations. Corrective measures should be implemented to better manage the cold chain to avoid undesirable consequences to blood transfusion. A temperature sensitive device that can also indicate CET can be employed to objectively monitor the period that RCC remained at a CT that exceeds 10°C.


Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Renais , Neoplasias Renais , Humanos , Temperatura , Preservação de Sangue , Eritrócitos
3.
Dig Dis Sci ; 66(7): 2154-2161, 2021 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32749635

RESUMO

The mainstay of management of acute cholecystitis is surgical. Despite the advances in anesthesia and laparoscopic surgery, there is a significant pool of patients that are not candidates for surgery given their significant comorbidities and limited functional reserve. Historically percutaneous gallbladder drainage has been utilized to temporize these patients. Recently, endoscopic approaches are being explored with transpapillary and transmural drainage. In this article, we discuss the background, current status, technical challenges, adverse events, and outcomes of endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage for management of acute cholecystitis.


Assuntos
Colecistite Aguda/cirurgia , Drenagem/métodos , Endossonografia , Cirurgia Assistida por Computador , Ultrassonografia de Intervenção/métodos , Colecistite Aguda/diagnóstico por imagem , Vesícula Biliar , Humanos , Resultado do Tratamento
4.
Dig Dis Sci ; 66(5): 1425-1435, 2021 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32588249

RESUMO

The mainstay of management of acute cholecystitis has been surgical, with percutaneous gallbladder drainage in patients deemed high risk for surgical intervention. Endoscopic management of acute cholecytitis with transpapillary and transmural drainage of the gall bladder is emerging as a viable alternative in high-risk surgical patients. In this article, we discuss the background, current status, technical challenges and strategies to overcome them, adverse events, and outcomes of endoscopic transpapillary gallbladder drainage for management of acute cholecystitis.


Assuntos
Colecistite Aguda/terapia , Drenagem , Endoscopia do Sistema Digestório , Colecistite Aguda/diagnóstico por imagem , Colecistite Aguda/economia , Análise Custo-Benefício , Drenagem/efeitos adversos , Drenagem/economia , Drenagem/instrumentação , Endoscopia do Sistema Digestório/efeitos adversos , Endoscopia do Sistema Digestório/economia , Endoscopia do Sistema Digestório/instrumentação , Custos de Cuidados de Saúde , Humanos , Stents , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento
10.
Metabolites ; 12(5)2022 May 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35629938

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a clinical diagnosis where patients exhibit three out of the five risk factors: hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, hyperglycemia, elevated blood pressure, or increased abdominal obesity. MetS arises due to dysregulated metabolic pathways that culminate with insulin resistance and put individuals at risk to develop various comorbidities with far-reaching medical consequences such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and cardiovascular disease. As it stands, the exact pathogenesis of MetS as well as the involvement of the gastrointestinal tract in MetS is not fully understood. Our study aimed to evaluate intestinal health in human subjects with MetS. METHODS: We examined MetS risk factors in individuals through body measurements and clinical and biochemical blood analysis. To evaluate intestinal health, gut inflammation was measured by fecal calprotectin, intestinal permeability through the lactulose-mannitol test, and utilized fecal metabolomics to examine alterations in the host-microbiota gut metabolism. RESULTS: No signs of intestinal inflammation or increased intestinal permeability were observed in the MetS group compared to our control group. However, we found a significant increase in 417 lipid features of the gut lipidome in our MetS cohort. An identified fecal lipid, diacyl-glycerophosphocholine, showed a strong correlation with several MetS risk factors. Although our MetS cohort showed no signs of intestinal inflammation, they presented with increased levels of serum TNFα that also correlated with increasing triglyceride and fecal diacyl-glycerophosphocholine levels and decreasing HDL cholesterol levels. CONCLUSION: Taken together, our main results show that MetS subjects showed major alterations in fecal lipid profiles suggesting alterations in the intestinal host-microbiota metabolism that may arise before concrete signs of gut inflammation or intestinal permeability become apparent. Lastly, we posit that fecal metabolomics could serve as a non-invasive, accurate screening method for both MetS and NAFLD.

12.
Endosc Int Open ; 6(11): E1369-E1378, 2018 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30410959

RESUMO

Background and study aims Although duodenal biopsy is considered the "gold standard" for diagnosis of celiac disease, the optimal location of biopsy within the small bowel for diagnosis remains unclear. The primary aim of this study was to perform a structured systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the diagnostic utility of endoscopic duodenal bulb biopsy for celiac disease. Patients and methods Searches of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were performed from 2000 through December 2017. Review of titles/abstracts, full review of potentially relevant studies, and data abstraction was performed. Measured outcomes of adult and pediatric patients included location of biopsy, mean number of biopsies performed, and diagnosis of celiac disease as defined by the modified Marsh-Oberhuber classification. Results A total of 17 studies (n = 4050) were included. Seven studies evaluated adults and 11 studies assessed pediatric populations. Mean age of adults and pediatric patients was 46.70 ± 2.69 and 6.33 ± 1.26 years, respectively. Overall, sampling from the duodenal bulb demonstrated a 5 % (95 % CI 3 - 9; P  < 0.001) increase in the diagnostic yield of celiac disease. When stratified by pediatric and adult populations, duodenal bulb biopsy demonstrated a 4 % (95 % CI: 1 to 9; P  < 0.001) and 8 % (95 % CI: 6 to 10; P  < 0.001) increase in the diagnostic yield of celiac disease. Non-celiac histologic diagnoses including Brunner gland hyperplasia and peptic duodenitis were reported more commonly in the duodenal bulb as compared to the distal duodenum with an increase in diagnostic yield of 4 % (95 % CI 3 - 5; P  < 0.001) and 1 % (95 % CI 1 - 2; P  < 0.001), respectively. Conclusions Based upon our results, biopsy and histologic examination of duodenal bulb during routine upper endoscopy increases the diagnostic yield of celiac disease.

13.
Trends Cardiovasc Med ; 21(1): 20-7, 2011 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22498016

RESUMO

Resistin has been implicated in coronary atherosclerotic disease and congestive heart failure. Recent studies have extended its involvement in peripheral artery disease. Despite some controversial data, the mainstream clinical literature supports that resistin is associated with both coronary and peripheral artery diseases including ischemic stroke. In this review, the multiple roles of resistin as screening, diagnostic, and prognostic marker for cardiovascular disease are discussed. The independence of resistin in disease prediction and diagnosis appears complicated by its confounders, such as C-reactive protein. A clear-cut biomarker function of resistin in cardiovascular disease needs be clarified by additional large-scale, well-designed prospective studies.


Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares/metabolismo , Resistina/metabolismo , Animais , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Doenças Cardiovasculares/diagnóstico , Doenças Cardiovasculares/terapia , Humanos , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Prognóstico
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