Impaired antibody responses were observed in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus after receiving the inactivated COVID-19 vaccines.

BACKGROUND: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have been reported to be more susceptible to 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) and more likely to develop severe pneumonia. However, the safety and immunological responses of T2DM patients after receiving the inactivated vaccines are not quite definite. Therefore, we aimed to explore the safety, antibody responses, and B-cell immunity of T2DM patients who were vaccinated with inactivated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines. METHODS: Eighty-nine patients with T2DM and 100 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled, all of whom had received two doses of full-course inactivated vaccines. At 21-105 days after full-course vaccines: first, the safety of the vaccines was assessed by questionnaires; second, the titers of anti-receptor binding domain IgG (anti-RBD-IgG) and neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) were measured; third, we detected the frequency of RBD-specific memory B cells (RBD-specific MBCs) to explore the cellular immunity of T2DM patients. RESULTS: The overall incidence of adverse events was similar between T2DM patients and HCs, and no serious adverse events were recorded in either group. Compared with HCs, significantly lower titers of anti-RBD-IgG (p = 0.004) and NAbs (p = 0.013) were observed in T2DM patients. Moreover, the frequency of RBD-specific MBCs was lower in T2DM patients than in HCs (p = 0.027). Among the 89 T2DM patients, individuals with lower body mass index (BMI) had higher antibody titers (anti-RBD-IgG: p = 0.009; NAbs: p = 0.084). Furthermore, we found that sex, BMI, and days after vaccination were correlated with antibody titers. CONCLUSIONS: Inactivated COVID-19 vaccines were safe in patients with T2DM, but the antibody responses and memory B-cell responses were significantly decreased compared to HCs. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER AND DATE: NCT05043246. September 14, 2021. (Clinical Trials.gov).

Efficacy of LR-5 and LR-4/5 by Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (MRI) for hepatocellular carcinoma: A meta-analysis.

To comprehensive investigate the diagnostic efficacy of LR-5 and LR-4/5 by MRI LI-RADS of suspected liver nodules. A comprehensive search of authenticated international databases including PubMed/Medline, Ovid, Embase, Web of Science as well as a series of nation-level databases, including China National Knowledge Infrastructure was carried out to look for related studies with respect to the diagnostic performance of MRI LR-5 or LR-4/5 for HCC. Subsequently, main data including the basic information of the articles incorporated as well as main outcomes, including diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, or original data like true positive, false positive, true negative and false negative values were extracted. Next, forest plots were generated to reveal the pooled diagnostic sensitivity, specificity. The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity of LR-5 and LR-4/5 by LI-RADS were comparatively satisfactory. The pooled diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of MRI LR-5 with respect to pathologically diagnosed HCC were 0.73 [95% CI 0.7-0.75] and 0.88 [95% CI 0.86-0.90] respectively. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of MRI LR-4/5 were 0.77 [95% CI 0.75-0.80] and 0.82 [95% CI 0.79-0.85] respectively. Through this systematic review and meta-analysis, we found a promisingly satisfactory diagnostic efficacy of LR-5 and LR-4/5 by MRI LI-RADS of suspected malignant liver nodules, manifested by optimal diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy.