Behavioral intentions of self-isolation and informing close contacts after developing mpox-related symptoms among young men who have sex with men in China.

The 2022 multi-country mpox outbreak raised public concern globally. Self-isolation and informing close contacts after developing mpox-related symptoms are critical measures in controlling the outbreak. This study investigated behavioral intentions of self-isolation and informing close contacts after developing mpox-related symptoms and associated factors among young men who have sex with men (YMSM) aged 18-29 years in China. The cross-sectional study was conducted among 2493 YMSM in six provincial regions in China from September 10th to 30th, 2022. Descriptive and logistic analyses were applied, using the intentions of self-isolation and informing close contacts after developing mpox-related symptoms as binary outcomes. The mean age of the participants was 24.6 (SD = 2.9) years. The prevalence of having intentions of self-isolation and informing close contacts after developing mpox-related symptoms was 88.6% (95% CI: 87.3%-89.9%) and 84.9% (95% CI: 83.5%-86.3%). Participants who were employed (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.474, 95% CI: 1.035-2.097; AOR = 1.371, 95% CI:1.002, 1.876), had higher mpox knowledge scores (AOR = 1.474, 95% CI: 1.035-2.097; AOR = 1.371, 95% CI: 1.002-1.876), and had higher perceived threats of mpox (AOR = 1.079, 95% CI: 1.030-1.130; AOR = 1.045, 95% CI: 1.002-1.090) were more likely to intend to self-isolate and inform close contacts. Participants who had MSM in-person gatherings in the past 6 months were more likely to intend to self-isolate (AOR = 1.392, 95% CI: 1.066-1.208). Participants with higher depression scores (AOR = 0.968, 95% CI: 0.948-0.989) and self-stigma (AOR = 0.975, 95% CI: 0.954-0.997) were less likely to intend to self-isolate and inform close contacts, respectively. Self-isolation and informing close contacts when developing disease-related symptoms are acceptable measures in response to mpox in China. Strengthening targeted risk communication and self-efficacy, raising disease knowledge, providing mental support, and reducing stigma toward the affected community are warranted.

Mpox patients' experience from infection to treatment and implications for prevention and control: A multicenter qualitative study in China.

Monkeypox (mpox), a viral zoonotic disease, is spreading worldwide. However, evidence that informs prevention and control strategies in the Asia Pacific Region is very limited. Our study aims to investigate the experiences of mpox patients from infection to treatment to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control. A multicenter qualitative design was used. A total of 15 mpox patients were recruited between July 6 and July 25, 2023, from six cities in China. Semistructured interviews were conducted by telephone and analyzed using the thematic analysis. The interview was divided into two sections: patients' experiences (prediagnosis experience, treatment-seeking experience, and quarantine experience) and advice. Prediagnosis experience was summarized into three themes: symptoms, possible routes of infection, and knowledge of mpox. Treatment-seeking experience was summarized into three themes: time of visit to hospital, diagnostic difficulties, and attitude toward diagnosis. Quarantine experience was summarized into three themes: body and mind reactions, reluctance to self-disclose infection status, and factors facilitating recovery. Themes identified from patients' advice were as follows: (1) Increase in testing channels and methods, (2) Development and introduction of vaccines, (3) Adjustment of quarantine program, (4) Improvement of treatment measures, and (5) Improvement of publicity and education. To effectively curb the mpox epidemic, structured measures are urgently needed to address the mpox-related stigma and discrimination. Targeted health education should be provided to MSM, focusing on the prevention, detection, and treatment services. Hospitals should enhance the training of clinicians in key departments including infectious disease and dermatology, to improve diagnostic capability and sensitivity. Furthermore, given the absence of specific antiviral medications, supervised home quarantine may be a good option.

The moderating role of resilience in the association between workload and depressive symptoms among radiology residents in China: results from a nationwide cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVES: The current study aimed to explore the moderating role of psychological resilience in the association between workload and depressive symptoms among radiology residents during standardized residency training (SRT) in China. METHODS: A nationwide cross-sectional online survey was conducted among radiology residents in China. Workload was measured by working hours per week and the frequency of frontline nightwork in the last month. Resilience was assessed by the 2-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. Depressive symptoms were measured by the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales. The hierarchical regression and simple slope analyses were performed to examine the moderating effect of resilience. RESULTS: Among 3666 radiology residents, the mean age was 27.3 years (SD = 2.6) and 58% were female. About 24.4% of the participants reported medium to severe depressive symptoms. The hierarchical regression showed that working hours (ba = 0.11, 95%CI: 0.08, 0.14) and having frontline nightwork more than once (ba = 1.22, 95%CI: 0.67, 1.78) were positively associated with depressive symptoms; the moderating effect of resilience was significant in the association of depressive symptoms with working hours (ba = - 0.02, 95%CI: - 0.03, - 0.01) and having frontline nightwork more than once (ba = - 0.28, 95%CI: - 0.49, - 0.07). The simple slope test showed the association between workload-related variables and depressive symptoms was only significant in those with a relatively lower level of resilience. CONCLUSIONS: The study found that resilience was an important modifier buffering the positive association between workload and depressive symptoms among radiology residents in China. Future medical training programs are suggested to include effective intervention components to increase personal resilience. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT: Heavy workload in clinical setting may pose adverse effect on mental health and job performance of radiology residents. The study investigated whether psychological resilience would mitigate the association between workload and depressive symptoms among Chinese radiology residents. KEY POINTS: • Radiology residents with a heavier workload presented a higher level of depressive symptoms in China. • Psychological resilience mitigated the positive association between workload and depressive symptoms. • The association between workload and depressive symptoms was only statistically significant in radiology residents with a relatively lower level of resilience.

Mpox risk perception and associated factors among Chinese young men who have sex with men: Results from a large cross-sectional survey.

The mpox outbreak since 2022 had attacked the community of men who have sex with men (MSM) heavily. This large cross-sectional study investigated the levels and associated factors of mpox risk perception among young MSM (YMSM) aged 18-29 years in six provincial regions of China in September 2022. The participants were recruited via facility-based sampling. Mpox risk perception was measured by perceived susceptibility and perceived severity of mpox. Geodetector was used to measure stratified heterogeneity of mpox risk perception. Univariate and multivariable linear regressions were used to examine the factors associated with mpox risk perception. A total of 2493 participants were included with a mean age of 24.6 years. The proportion of perceiving a susceptibility of mpox under different scenarios ranged 3.7%-17.0% and that of perceiving a severity of mpox ranged 81.6%-83.2%. Stratified heterogeneity of perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, and overall perceived risk of mpox were observed in several characteristics such as study sites, monthly income, risk behaviors, and psychosocial factors. Multivariable regression showed the level of mpox risk perception was positively associated with having in-person gathering activities (ba = 0.457, 95% CI: 0.208, 0.705), history of HIV infection (ba = 0.431, 95% CI: 0.028, 0.834), depressive symptoms (ba = 0.069, 95% CI: 0.049, 0.090), and self-stigma to MSM identity (ba = 0.047, 95% CI: 0.024, 0.071). The Chinese YMSM showed a high level of perceived severity of mpox but a low level of perceived susceptibility. It is warranted to strengthen targeted risk communication of mpox, develop comprehensive and unstigmatized health messages, and provide mental health support for YMSM.

Barriers and Facilitators to, and Experience of, Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in China: A Mixed-Methods Study.

Voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) may be incorporated into HIV prevention services for men who have sex with men (MSM). We conducted a mixed-methods study to elucidate barriers and facilitators to, and experience of, VMMC among MSM. Participants were MSM aged 18 years and older who were enrolled in an ongoing multicenter randomized controlled trial (RCT) to evaluate VMMC to prevent HIV among MSM in China. RCT participants completed a questionnaire before and after VMMC to assess perceptions of and complications after the procedure. A subset of RCT participants were selected for in-depth interviews. Interviewees answered open-ended questions about barriers and facilitators to and experience of undergoing VMMC. Six-step thematic analysis incorporating inductive and deductive approaches was used to interpret interview responses. A total of 457 MSM completed the pre-VMMC survey, 115 circumcised MSM completed post-VMMC surveys, and 30 MSM completed an interview. Main barriers to VMMC uptake were concerns about pain, length of wound healing, cost, lack of knowledge about or misconceptions of VMMC, and stigma related to surgery. Facilitators to VMMC could be categorized as internal factors (foreskin) and external factors (motivation and follow-up care). Interestingly, the VMMC experiences of others could be transformed from a barrier into a facilitator to VMMC in some circumstances. After VMMC participants transitioned from a negative state of pain, remorse, difficulty sleeping, and discomfort to a positive state of symptom alleviation and personal hygiene improvement. Optimizing facilitators and addressing barriers may encourage VMMC among MSM. Joint efforts should be made by relevant stakeholders to improve the awareness and uptake of VMMC among MSM.

Older People Living with HIV Were Less Physically Active Than Their Uninfected Counterparts in China: A Matched-Sample Mediation Analysis.

The study compared the level of physical activity (PA) between older people living with HIV (PLWH) and their HIV-negative counterparts in China and tested the mediational roles of self-compassion, attitudes toward aging, and perceived stress in the between-group difference in PA. From December 2017 to August 2018, face-to-face interviews were conducted among 337 and 363 HIV-positive and -negative people aged ≥ 50 in Yongzhou City, Hunan, China. Path analysis was performed. The proportions of low, moderate, and high levels of PA in the HIV-positive and -negative groups were 18.9% versus 6.7%, 43.1% versus 32.0%, and 38.0% versus 61.3%, respectively, yielding a statistically significant difference. The path analysis showed that older PLWH reported less self-compassion and positive attitudes toward aging, which was in turn associated with more perceived stress and ultimately associated with less PA. Chinese older PLWH were more sedentary than their HIV-negative counterparts. Future PA interventions may modify the mediators.

The General Public's Support Toward Governmental Provision of Free/Subsidized HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis to At-Risk Chinese People: A Population-Based Study.

BACKGROUND: Given its high cost, governmental financing is essential for promoting HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP). The study investigated levels and associated factors of the general public's support toward governmental provision of free or subsidized PrEP to Chinese people at high risk of HIV. METHODS: A population-based random telephone survey was conducted among 300 residents in Hong Kong, China, from June to July, 2019. Descriptive analyses and logistic regression were performed. RESULTS: The prevalence rates of supportive attitude for free and subsidized PrEP were 30.0% and 30.3%, respectively; opinions were split, as similar proportions showed oppositional attitude. Those who were older, had less education, did not have a full-time job, or reported a lower household income were less likely to support free or subsidized PrEP. Stigmatizing attitudes against homosexuals (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.81; 95% CI, 0.73-0.89) and perceived negative societal impacts of free PrEP (AOR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.70-0.87) were negatively associated with the support for free PrEP. Compassion to others (AOR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.01-1.21), perceived positive societal impacts of free PrEP (AOR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.43-2.44), and the belief that the positive impacts would overweigh the negative impacts (AOR, 26.97; 95% CI, 10.66-68.24) were positively associated with the support for free PrEP. Similar associations were observed for the support toward subsidized PrEP. CONCLUSIONS: The Hong Kong general public's support for government financial assistance of PrEP for people at high risk of HIV was low. Preexposure prophylaxis advocacy campaigns are warranted and suggested to incorporate components that address the associated factors.

Behavioural intention of receiving COVID-19 vaccination, social media exposures and peer discussions in China.

The study aimed to investigate behavioural intentions to receive free and self-paid COVID-19 vaccinations (BICV-F and BICV-SP) among Chinese university students if the vaccine was 80% effective with rare mild side effects, to examine their associations with social media exposures and peer discussions regarding COVID-19 vaccination, and to explore the mediational role of perceived information sufficiency about COVID-19 vaccination. An online anonymous survey (N = 6922) was conducted in November 2020 in five Chinese provinces. Logistic regression and path analysis were adopted. The prevalence of BICV-F and BICV-SP were 78.1% and 57.7%. BICV-F was positively associated with the frequencies of passive social media exposure (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.32, P < 0.001), active social media interaction (AOR = 1.13, P < 0.001) and peer discussions (AOR = 1.17, P < 0.001). Indirect effects of the three factors on BICV-F via perceived information sufficiency were all significant (P < 0.001). The direct effect of active social media interaction on BICV-F was significantly negative (P < 0.001). Similar associations/mediations were observed for BICV-SP. The COVID-19 vaccination intention of Chinese university students needs improvement. Boosting social media exposures and peer discussions may raise students' perceived information sufficiency and subsequently increase their vaccination intention. Considering the potential negative effect of active social media interaction, caution is needed when using social media to promote COVID-19 vaccination.

Preparation of hepatic stimulator substance from neonatal porcine liver by enzymatic hydrolysis and characterization of the liver proteins by LC-MS/MS bottom-up approach.

Hepatic stimulator substance (HSS) is prepared by the freeze-thaw method on a large scale, but it is time-consuming and inefficient. It is necessary to find a better method to improve the efficiency and yield of HSS. In this study, HSS was prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis of neonatal porcine liver with trypsin, papain, dispase, and alcalase. Relatively, dispase was found to be the best enzyme, based on the results of the degree of hydrolysis and MTT assay. Box-Behnken design-response surface method was used to optimize the conditions, which were as follows: enzyme (dispase) concentration, 4164 U/g; substrate concentration, 7% (w/v); hydrolysis time, 4.3 hr; temperature, 45 °C; and pH, 6.5. The degree of hydrolysis was (54.99 ± 1.57)%. Shotgun proteomics coupled with Gene Ontology (GO) analysis based on the PANTHER classification system was used to screen proteins from neonatal porcine liver. The results profiled the proteins into biological processes, molecular functions, and cellular components, thus laying a foundation for further studies on components involved in and mechanisms of liver regeneration. Overall, the results suggest that enzymatic hydrolysis might be a promising method for industrial application.

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Among People Living with HIV/AIDS in Rural China.

Among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA), the occurrence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms associated with HIV diagnosis is a common problem. This study examined HIV diagnosis-related PTSD symptoms and its associated factors among PLHA in rural China. We used baseline data from a randomized controlled trial conducted in Anhui Province, China. Surveys of 522 PLHA were conducted via computer-assisted personal interview method. PTSD symptoms were measured based on re-experiencing, avoidance and arousal of the day of HIV diagnosis. Association between PTSD symptoms and demographic characteristics, physical and social functioning were assessed by multiple regression analysis and structural equation modeling. Social functioning exhibited a direct association with HIV diagnosis-related PTSD symptoms, and also mediated the association between PTSD symptoms and age, family income, and physical functioning. The study findings underscore the importance of developing interventions that alleviate PTSD symptoms and improve social functioning among PLHA in rural China.

HIV Disclosure and Unprotected Sex Among Vietnamese Men with a History of Drug Use.

Additional barriers to self-disclosure of HIV status exist for people living with HIV (PLH) with a history of drug use. The objectives of this study were to explore the extent of HIV disclosure, sexual practice patterns and the relationships between HIV disclosure and unprotected sex among Vietnamese male PLH with a history of drug use. We used cross-sectional data of a sample of 133 PLH collected from a randomized controlled intervention trial in Vietnam. More than one-quarter of the participants reported not disclosing their HIV status to any sexual partners. Self-reported rates of condom use were 67.8, 51.1 and 32.6% with regular, casual, and commercial partners, respectively. Unprotected sex, testing positive for heroin, and fewer years since HIV diagnosis were significantly associated with lower level of HIV disclosure. Future intervention programs should focus on the complex interplay among HIV disclosure, drug use, and unprotected sexual practices in this vulnerable population.

Alcohol Use, HIV Treatment Adherence, and Sexual Risk Among People with a History of Injecting Drug Use in Vietnam.

Alcohol use can limit the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for people living with HIV (PLH) who have a history of injecting drug use. This study described the patterns of alcohol use among PLH with a history of injecting drug use in Vietnam and examined the relationships between alcohol use, adherence to ART, and sexual risks. We utilized cross-sectional data of 109 PLH on ART collected from a randomized controlled intervention trial in Vietnam. Approximately 30 and 46% of the participants were frequent and occasional drinkers, respectively. Frequent drinkers reported the highest number of missed medication days. About 61% of frequent drinkers reported having sex after using alcohol. Additionally, 23, 34, and 24% of nondrinkers, occasional drinkers, and frequent drinkers, respectively, reported inconsistent condom use during sex. Future intervention programs should address the issues of alcohol use and sexual risks to maximize the effectiveness of HIV treatment programs in Vietnam.

Spousal role and caregiver burden in HIV affected families in Anhui Province, China.

This study examined the burden experienced by various roles of family caregivers of people living with HIV (PLH), in particular spouses vs. non-spouses. A total of 475 family members of PLH were recruited from Anhui Province, China. Participants responded to a survey using the Computer Assisted Personal Interview method. The assessment collected data on demographic characteristics and their perceived caregiver burden, which was compared between spouses and non-spouses. Multiple regression models were built to identify factors associated with caregiver burden. About 64.4% of our study participants were female and the mean age was 42.1 years. Among various relationships to PLH, almost half reported being a spouse. Spouses reported significantly higher caregiver burden than non-spouses. In addition, older age and lower family income were significantly associated with higher level of caregiver burden. Among the subsample of spouses, significantly higher level of caregiver burden was identified among wives. Future studies should give special consideration to address the needs of female spouses in order to reduce their caregiver burden.

Achieving High Thermoelectric Performance in ZnSe-Doped CuGaTe2 by Optimizing the Carrier Concentration and Reducing Thermal Conductivity.

The CuGaTe2 thermoelectric material has garnered widespread attention as an inexpensive and nontoxic material for mid-temperature thermoelectric applications. However, its development has been hindered by its low intrinsic carrier concentration and high thermal conductivity. This study investigates the band structure and thermoelectric properties of (CuGaTe2)1-x (ZnSe)x (x = 0, 0.25%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2%). The research revealed that the incorporation of Zn and Se atoms enhanced the level of band degeneracy and electron density of states near Fermi level, significantly raising carrier concentration through the formation of ZnGa- point defects. Simultaneously, when the doping content reached 1.5%, the ZnTe second phase emerged, collaborating with point defects and high-density dislocations, effectively scattering phonons and substantially reducing lattice thermal conductivity. Therefore, introducing ZnSe can simultaneously optimize the material's electrical and thermal transport properties. The (CuGaTe2)0.985(ZnSe)0.015 sample reaches peak ZT of 1.32 at 823 K, representing a 159% increase compared to pure CuGaTe2.

Behavioral Intention of Receiving Monkeypox Vaccination and Undergoing Monkeypox Testing and the Associated Factors Among Young Men Who Have Sex With Men in China: Large Cross-Sectional Study.

BACKGROUND: The worldwide human monkeypox (mpox) outbreak in 2022 mainly affected men who have sex with men (MSM). In China, young men who have sex with men (YMSM) were at a potential high risk of mpox infection due to their sexual activeness and the eased COVID-19 restrictions at the end of 2022. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the behavioral intention of receiving mpox vaccination and undergoing mpox testing in 4 different scenarios and explore their associations with background and behavioral theory-related factors among Chinese YMSM. METHODS: An online cross-sectional survey was conducted among YMSM aged 18-29 years from 6 representative provinces of China in September 2022. Participants recruited (recruitment rate=2918/4342, 67.2%) were asked to self-administer an anonymous questionnaire designed based on prior knowledge about mpox and classic health behavior theories. Data on the participants' background, mpox knowledge and cognition, mpox vaccination and testing cognition, and the behavioral intention of receiving mpox vaccination and undergoing mpox testing were collected. Descriptive analysis and univariate and multivariate linear regressions were performed. Geodetector was used to measure the stratified heterogeneity of behavioral intention. RESULTS: A total of 2493 YMSM with a mean age of 24.6 (SD 2.9) years were included. The prevalence of having a behavioral intention of receiving mpox vaccination ranged from 66.2% to 88.4% by scenario, varying in epidemic status and cost. The prevalence of having an mpox testing intention was above 90% in all scenarios regardless of the presence of symptoms and the cost. The positive factors related to vaccination intention included mpox knowledge (ba=0.060, 95% CI 0.016-0.103), perceived susceptibility of mpox (ba=0.091, 95% CI 0.035-0.146), perceived severity of mpox (ba=0.230, 95% CI 0.164-0.296), emotional distress caused by mpox (ba=0.270, 95% CI 0.160-0.380), perceived benefits of mpox vaccination (ba=0.455, 95% CI 0.411-0.498), self-efficacy of mpox vaccination (ba=0.586, 95% CI 0.504-0.668), and having 1 male sex partner (ba=0.452, 95% CI 0.098-0.806), while the negative factor was perceived barriers to vaccination (ba=-0.056, 95% CI -0.090 to -0.022). The positive factors related to testing intention were perceived severity of mpox (ba=0.283, 95% CI 0.241-0.325), perceived benefits of mpox testing (ba=0.679, 95% CI 0.636-0.721), self-efficacy of mpox testing (ba=0.195, 95% CI 0.146-0.245), having 1 male sex partner (ba=0.290, 95% CI 0.070-0.510), and having in-person gatherings with MSM (ba=0.219, 95% CI 0.072-0.366), while the negative factor was emotional distress caused by mpox (ba=-0.069, 95% CI -0.137 to -0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Among Chinese YMSM, the intention of undergoing mpox testing is optimal, while the mpox vaccination intention has room for improvement. A future national response should raise YMSM's mpox knowledge, disseminate updated information about mpox and preventive measures, improve preventive service accessibility and privacy, and provide advice on positively coping with the associated emotional distress.

AgCl Addition to Chalcopyrite Compound for Ultra-Low Thermal Conductivity in Realizing High ZT Thermoelectric Materials.

Optimizing the performance of thermoelectric materials by reducing its thermal conductivity is crucial to enhance its thermoelectric efficiency. Novel thermoelectric materials like the CuGaTe2 compound are hindered by high intrinsic thermal conductivity, which negatively impacts its thermoelectric performance. In this paper, we report that the introduction of AgCl by the solid-phase melting method will influence the thermal conductivity of CuGaTe2. The generated multiple scattering mechanisms are expected to reduce the lattice thermal conductivity while maintaining sufficient good electrical properties. The experimental results were supported by first-principles calculations confirming that the doping of the Ag will decrease the elastic constants, bulk modulus, and shear modulus of CuGaTe2, which makes the mean sound velocity and Debye temperature of Ag-doped samples lower than those of CuGaTe2, indicating the lower lattice thermal conductivity. In addition, the Cl elements within the CuGaTe2 matrix escaping during the sintering process will create holes of various sizes within the sample. These combined effects of holes and impurities will induce phonon scattering, which further reduces the lattice thermal conductivity. Based on our findings, we conclude that the introduction of AgCl into CuGaTe2 has shown a lower thermal conductivity without compromising the electrical performance, resulting in an ultra-high ZT value of 1.4 in the (CuGaTe2)0.96(AgCl)0.04 sample at 823 K.

The Roles of Information Valence, Media Literacy and Perceived Information Quality on the Association Between Frequent Social Media Exposure and COVID-19 Vaccination Intention.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to examine the associations between frequent exposure to positive/negative information about vaccine efficacy/safety on social media and intention of COVID-19 vaccination, and to test if media literacy and perceived information quality would moderate such associations. DESIGN: A multi-city cross-sectional survey. SETTING: At five universities in different regions of China. SUBJECTS: 6922 university students (a response rate of 72.3%). MEASURES: frequency of exposure to social media information about COVID-19 vaccination, media literacy, perceived information quality, intention of COVID-19 vaccination, and sociodemographic characteristics. ANALYSIS: Logistic regression analysis was conducted to test main and interaction effects. RESULTS: Higher exposure to positive information about vaccine efficacy (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.30, P < .001) and vaccine safety (AOR = 1.27, P < .001) were positively associated with vaccination intention. No significant associations were shown between exposure to negative information about vaccine efficacy/safety and vaccination intention. Higher net exposure to negative vs positive information was negatively associated with vaccination intention (AOR = .82, P < .001). High media literacy was further found to attenuate the effect of negative information exposure and strengthen that of positive information exposure. Perceived information quality was not a significant moderator. CONCLUSION: The valence of social media information regarding the efficacy and safety of COVID-19 vaccines and individuals' media literacy jointly shaped COVID-19 vaccination intention. The findings can inform the development of effective health promotion strategies for enhancing COVID-19 vaccination.

Monkeypox outbreaks in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: Network and clustering analyses of global risks and modified SEIR prediction of epidemic trends.

Background: Ninety-eight percent of documented cases of the zoonotic disease human monkeypox (MPX) were reported after 2001, with especially dramatic global spread in 2022. This longitudinal study aimed to assess spatiotemporal risk factors of MPX infection and predict global epidemiological trends. Method: Twenty-one potential risk factors were evaluated by correlation-based network analysis and multivariate regression. Country-level risk was assessed using a modified Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Removed (SEIR) model and a risk-factor-driven k-means clustering analysis. Results: Between historical cases and the 2022 outbreak, MPX infection risk factors changed from relatively simple [human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and population density] to multiple [human mobility, population of men who have sex with men, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, and socioeconomic factors], with human mobility in the context of COVID-19 being especially key. The 141 included countries classified into three risk clusters: 24 high-risk countries mainly in West Europe and Northern America, 70 medium-risk countries mainly in Latin America and Asia, and 47 low-risk countries mainly in Africa and South Asia. The modified SEIR model predicted declining transmission rates, with basic reproduction numbers ranging 1.61-7.84 in the early stage and 0.70-4.13 in the current stage. The estimated cumulative cases in Northern and Latin America may overtake the number in Europe in autumn 2022. Conclusions: In the current outbreak, risk factors for MPX infection have changed and expanded. Forecasts of epidemiological trends from our modified SEIR models suggest that Northern America and Latin America are at greater risk of MPX infection in the future.

Band Engineering and Phonon Engineering Effectively Improve n-Type Mg3Sb2 Thermoelectric Material Properties.

Mg3Sb2-based thermoelectric materials can convert heat and electricity into each other, making them a promising class of environmentally friendly materials. Further improving the electrical performance while effectively reducing the thermal conductivity is a crucial issue. In this paper, under the guidance of the oneness principle calculation, we designed a thermoelectric Zintl phase based on Mg3.2Sb1.5Bi0.5 doped with Tb and Er. Calculation results show that using Tb and Er as cationic site dopants effectively improves the electrical properties and reduces the lattice thermal conductivity. Experimental results confirmed the effectiveness of codoping and effectively enhanced thermoelectric performance. The most immense ZT value obtained by the Mg3.185Tb0.01Er0.005Sb1.5Bi0.5 sample was 1.71. In addition, the average Young's modulus of the Mg3.185Tb0.01Er0.005Sb1.5Bi0.5 sample is 51.85 GPa, and the Vickers hardness is 0.99 GPa. Under the same test environment, the material was subjected to 12 cycles in the temperature range of 323-723 K, and the average power factor error range was 1.8% to 2.1%, which is of practical significance for its application in actual device scenarios.