Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Profile Analysis of the SnRK2 Gene Family in Nicotiana tabacum.

SnRK2 protein kinase family plays an important role in plant response to abiotic stress and has been identified in various plants. This study aimed to identify SnRK2 genes in tobacco and systematically analyze their expression under abscisic acid treatment and abiotic stress. We identified 22 NtSnRK2 members, which were divided into three groups and located on 13 chromosomes, mainly at both ends of the chromosomes; additionally, 11 duplicated NtSnRK2 gene pairs were observed. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these SnRK2 members were divided into three groups in tobacco. The motifs of NtSnRK2 proteins in the same group were highly similar. Subcellular localization indicated that NtSnRK2s in Group3 were present in the nucleus, cytomembrane, and cytoplasm. Gene expression pattern analysis revealed that NtSnRK2 genes played a role in the responses to several abiotic stresses (salt, drought, and low-temperature stress), indicating that they are widely involved in the adaptation of tobacco to adverse environmental conditions.

Genomic organization of a novel victorivirus from the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae.

Two double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) mycoviruses were found in isolate QSP5 of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. Sequence analysis of the two dsRNA mycoviruses revealed that one is closely related to Magnaporthe oryzae virus 2 (MoV2), and the other one is related to Magnaporthe oryzae chrysovirus 1-A (MoCV1-A). Therefore, they were named Magnaporthe oryzae virus 3 (MoV3) and Magnaporthe oryzae chrysovirus 1-C (MoCV1-C), respectively. In this paper, the molecular and structural characteristics of MoV3 were analyzed in detail. The full genome sequence (5181 bp) of MoV3 was obtained by cDNA cloning. Sequence analysis indicated that MoV3 has two overlapping open reading frames (ORF1 and ORF2). The 5'-proximal ORF1 encodes a putative coat protein (CP) with a molecular weight of 80,939 Da; the 3'-proximal ORF2 encodes a putative RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) with a molecular weight of 90,506 Da. The stop codon of ORF1 overlaps the start codon of ORF2, with the tetranucleotide sequence AUGA, which is characteristic of members of the genus Victorivirus of the family Totiviridae. Phylogenetic analysis of RdRp and CP further supported the view that MoV3, a novel mycovirus, belongs to the genus Victorivirus of the family Totiviridae.

[Spectrophotometric determination of aromatic amino compounds with J-acid].

The problems such as chromogenic reaction selectivity, reaction rate, sensitivity and water-solubility of azo compounds were considered. The molecular structures of coupling components were theoretically designed and screened in the present research The reaction conditions and methods of chromogenic reaction were investigated. J-Acid (2-amino-5-naphthol-7-sulfonic acid) as a coupling reagent to determine aromatic amino compounds was established. In the presence of potassium bromide, at room temperature, nitrite reacted with aromatic amino compounds in the medium of thin hydrochloric acid. Then diazonium salt reacted with J-Acid in the aqueous solution of sodium carbonate, forming coloured azo dye, which had a maximum adsorption at 480 nm. The molar adsorption coeffcients of aniline, 4-aminobenzene sulfonic acid and 1-naphthylamine were 3. 95 X 10(4), 3. 24 X 10(4) and 3. 91 X 10(4) L . mol-1 . cm-1 , respectively. Experimental results showed that common coexisting ions on the surface water did not affect the results of determination. J-Acid of spectrophotometry was used to determine the samples of Shanghai Fu Xing Dao canal. Meanwhile, recovery experiments by standard addition method were done. Experiment results showed that the recoveries of aniline were in the range of 98. 5%-102. 1%, and RSD was 2. 08%. J-Acid is a common organic reagent. It is soluble in water and low volatile, and its toxicity is much lower than N-ethylenediamine. spectrophotometric determination of aromatic amino compounds by J-Acid has the advantage of high sensitivity, good selectivity, simple rapid operation and accurate results, and thus it can be used for the determination of trace aromatic amino compounds in the environmental water.

The expression and functional role of a FOXC1 related mRNA-lncRNA pair in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

The Fork head box C1 (FOXC1) gene is overexpressed in multiple malignant tumors and is functionally correlated with tumor progression. However, its' role in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is still unclear. Recent studies have revealed that many long non-coding RNA (lncRNAs) cooperate with adjacent coding genes and form a functional "lncRNA-mRNA pair". In this study, we report a new lncRNA FOXC1 upstream transcript (FOXCUT) that was remarkably overexpressed in 23 OSCC patients, as was the adjacent FOXC1 gene. The expressions of FOXC1 and FOXCUT were positively correlated. When the expression of FOXCUT was down-regulated by small interfering RNA (siRNA), the expression of FOXC1 was also decreased. Moreover, in OSCC cells Tca8113 and SCC-9, down-regulation of either FOXC1 or FOXCUT by siRNA could inhibit cell proliferation and cell migration in vitro and was accompanied with a reduction of MMP2, MMP7, MMP9, and VEGF-A. In conclusion, FOXC1 may be co-amplified with FOXCUT in OSCC, and both of them may be functionally involved in the tumor progression of OSCC. This provides evidence that both FOXC1 and FOXCUT may serve as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets in OSCC patients who overexpress this "lncRNA-mRNA pair".

Deciphering JAK/STAT signaling pathway: A multifaceted approach to tumorigenesis, progression and therapeutic interventions.

The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway, essential for cellular communication, orchestrates a myriad of physiological and pathological processes. Recently, the intricate association between the pathway's dysregulation and the progression of malignant tumors has garnered increasing attention. Nevertheless, there is no systematic summary detailing the anticancer effects of molecules targeting the JAK/STAT pathway in the context of tumor progression. This review offers a comprehensive overview of pharmaceutical agents targeting the JAK/STAT pathway, encompassing phytochemicals, synthetic drugs, and biomolecules. These agents can manifest their anticancer effects through various mechanisms, including inhibiting proliferation, inducing apoptosis, suppressing tumor metastasis, and angiogenesis. Notably, we emphasize the clinical challenges of drug resistance while spotlighting the potential of integrating JAK/STAT inhibitors with other therapies as a transformative approach in cancer treatment. Moreover, this review delves into the avant-garde strategy of employing nanocarriers to enhance the solubility and bioavailability of anticancer drugs, significantly amplifying their therapeutic prowess. Through this academic exploration of the multifaceted roles of the JAK/STAT pathway in the cancer milieu, we aim to sketch a visionary trajectory for future oncological interventions.

Implications of ozone transport on air quality in the Sichuan Basin, China.

Ozone pollution is formed through complex chemical and physical processes closely associated with emissions, photochemical reactions, and meteorological conditions. The objective of this study is to quantify the contributions of meteorological chemical formation, vertical transport, and horizontal transport to air quality during spring and summer in different regions of the Sichuan Basin. The Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) with the Integrated Process Rate (IPR) was employed to simulate the months of April and July 2021 in the Sichuan Basin. The results indicate that both the spring and summer chemical formation of ozone in the urban centre show negative values, while the surrounding urban areas contribute positively, with chemical formation ranging from 0 to 10 µg·m-3. The maximum ozone level due to horizontal transport in the urban centre exceeds 20 µg·m-3, whereas horizontal transport in the surrounding urban areas exhibits negative values, with transport contributions concentrated within the range of -5 to 0 µg·m-3. The vertical transport in the central and southern parts of the basin shows positive values, with transport contributions ranging from 0 to 10 µg·m-3, and the urban centre exhibits relatively stronger vertical transport with contributions ranging from 10 to 20 µg·m-3. Although the chemical formation contribution in the urban centre is relatively small due to high nitrogen oxide emissions, vertical and horizontal transport play significant roles and are among the key factors contributing to ozone pollution formation.

Transmission characteristics of infectious pathogen-laden aerosols in a negative-pressure operating room.

The infectious pathogen-laden aerosols generated by infected patients have a significant impact on the safety of surgical staff in highly clean negative-pressure operating rooms. Understanding the transmission characteristics of infectious pathogen-laden aerosols is therefore essential. Therefore, in this study, we conducted experiments in a full-size negative-pressure operating room, and the Phi-X174 phage was used as a bioaerosol release source to investigate the migration and deposition of bioaerosols. The high-concentration spatial regions and high-concentration deposition surfaces of the bioaerosols in the operating room were determined. The results showed that there was a high concentration of bioaerosols in the vortex region below the medical lamp for extended periods of time. Three surgical staff members close to the patient's surgical site had high bioaerosol concentrations at their facial sampling points, with the highest concentration reaching 16,553 PFU/m³ . At the end of bioaerosol generation, 99.9% of the bioaerosols were discharged within 10 mins. The bioaerosol deposition rates per unit area were high at 1.48%/m2, 0.46%/m2 and 1.79%/m2 for the central control panel, storage cabinet, and door surface, respectively. This research can be used as a scientific reference for controlling bioaerosols and determining key disinfection parts in a negative-pressure operating room.

Three Experimental Common High-Risk Procedures: Emission Characteristics Identification and Source Intensity Estimation in Biosafety Laboratory.

Biosafety laboratory is an important place to study high-risk microbes. In biosafety laboratories, with the outbreak of infectious diseases such as COVID-19, experimental activities have become increasingly frequent, and the risk of exposure to bioaerosols has increased. To explore the exposure risk of biosafety laboratories, the intensity and emission characteristics of laboratory risk factors were investigated. In this study, high-risk microbe samples were substituted with Serratia marcescens as the model bacteria. The resulting concentration and particle size segregation of the bioaerosol produced by three experimental procedures (spill, injection, and sample drop) were monitored, and the emission sources' intensity were quantitatively analyzed. The results showed that the aerosol concentration produced by injection and sample drop was 103 CFU/m3, and that by sample spill was 102 CFU/m3. The particle size of bioaerosol is mainly segregated in the range of 3.3-4.7 µm. There are significant differences in the influence of risk factors on source intensity. The intensity of sample spill, injection, and sample drop source is 3.6 CFU/s, 78.2 CFU/s, and 664 CFU/s. This study could provide suggestions for risk assessment of experimental operation procedures and experimental personnel protection.

Amide proton transfer-weighted magnetic resonance imaging for the differentiation of parotid gland tumors.

Purpose: To assess the usefulness of amide proton transfer-weighted (APTw) imaging in the differentiation of parotid gland tumors. Materials and methods: Patients with parotid gland tumors who underwent APTw imaging were retrospectively enrolled and divided into groups according to pathology. Two radiologists evaluated the APTw image quality independently, and APTw images with quality score ≥3 were enrolled. The maximum and average values of APTw imaging for tumor lesions (APTmax and APTmean) were measured. The differences in APTmax and APTmean were compared between malignant tumors (MTs) and benign tumors (BTs), as well as between MTs and pleomorphic adenomas (PAs) and between MTs and Warthin tumors (WTs). Independent-samples t-test, Kruskal-Wallis H test, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were used for statistical analysis. Results: Seventy-three patients were included for image quality evaluation. In this study, 32/73 and 29/73 parotid tumors were scored as 4 and 3, respectively. After excluding lesions with quality score ≤2 (12/73), the APTmean and APTmax of MTs were 4.15% ± 1.33% and 7.43% ± 1.61%, higher than those of BTs 2.74% ± 1.04% and 5.25% ± 1.54%, respectively (p < 0.05). The areas under the ROC curve (AUCs) of the APTmean and APTmax for differentiation between MTs and BTs were 0.819 and 0.821, respectively. MTs indicated significantly higher APTmean and APTmax values than those of PAs (p < 0.05) and WTs (p < 0.05). The AUCs of the APTmean and APTmax for differentiation between MTs and PAs were 0.830 and 0.815 and between MTs and WTs were 0.847 and 0.920, respectively. Conclusion: Most APTw images for parotid tumors had acceptable image quality for APTw value evaluation. Both APTmax and APTmean can be used to differentiate MTs from BTs and to differentiate MTs from subtype parotid gland tumors.

Corrigendum to "miR-195-5p Suppresses the Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Targeting TRIM14".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2017/7378148.].

Characterizing corn-straw-degrading actinomycetes and evaluating application efficiency in straw-returning experiments.

Corn straw is an abundant lignocellulose resource and by-product of agricultural production. With the continuous increase in agricultural development, the output of corn straw is also increasing significantly. However, the inappropriate disposal of straw results in wasting of resources, and also causes a serious ecological crisis. Screening microorganisms with the capacity to degrade straw and understanding their mechanism of action is an efficient approach to solve such problems. For this purpose, our research group isolated three actinomycete strains with efficient lignocellulose degradation ability from soil in the cold region of China: Streptomyces sp. G1T, Streptomyces sp. G2T and Streptomyces sp. G3T. Their microbial properties and taxonomic status were assessed to improve our understanding of these strains. The three strains showed typical characteristics of the genus Streptomyces, and likely represent three different species. Genome functional annotation indicated that most of their genes were related to functions like carbohydrate transport and metabolism. In addition, a similar phenomenon also appeared in the COG and CAZyme analyses, with a large number of genes encoding carbohydrate-related hydrolases, such as cellulase, glycosidase and endoglucanase, which could effectively destroy the structure of lignocellulose in corn straw. This unambiguously demonstrated the potential of the three microorganisms to hydrolyze macromolecular polysaccharides at the molecular level. In addition, in the straw-returning test, the decomposing consortium composed of the three Streptomyces isolates (G123) effectively destroyed the recalcitrant bonds between the various components of straw, and significantly reduced the content of active components in corn straw. Furthermore, microbial diversity analysis indicated that the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, reportedly associated with soil antibiotic resistance and antibiotic degradation, was significantly improved with straw returning at both tested time points. The microbial diversity of each treatment was also dramatically changed by supplementing with G123. Taken together, G123 has important biological potential and should be further studied, which will provide new insights and strategies for appropriate treatment of corn straw.

[Establishment of a nomogram model to predict the risk of peri-implantitis in patients with diabetes mellitus].

PURPOSE: To explore the risk factors of peri-implantitis after dental implants in diabetic patients, and establish a related nomogram prediction model. METHODS: The clinical data of diabetic patients undergoing dental implant restoration from January 2016 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed , and cluster random sampling method was used to divide the data into training set (n=153) and validation set (n=104). Univariate and Logistic regression were used to analyze the independent risk factors of peri-implantitis in diabetic patients. At the same time, the relevant nomogram prediction model was established, and the model was internally verified by Bootstrap method. The external verification was completed by self sampling method of verification set. SPSS 22.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Smoking index>200 cigarettes(OR=6.364, 95%CI: 1.943-20.840), HbA1c>7%(OR=4.680, 95%CI: 1.497-14.628), periodontal history (OR=3.779, 95%CI: 1.359-10.507), anterior teeth implantation(OR=7.183, 95%CI: 2.371-21.756), tooth brushing frequency ≤1 time/day (OR=4.796, 95%CI: 1.471-15.637) and unscheduled cleaning (OR=4.994, 95%CI: 1.745-14.295) were independent risk factors for peri-implantitis after dental implantation in diabetic patients (P<0.05). Based on the above 6 risk factors, a nomogram model to predict the occurrence of peri-implantitis in diabetic patients was established. The calibration curve verification showed that the predicted values of the training set and the verification set were basically the same as the actual measured values, and ROC curve verification showed C-index indexes of the training set and the verification set were 0.867 and 0.822, respectively, indicating that the nomogram model had good prediction accuracy. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking index>200 cigarettes, HbA1c>7%, periodontal history, anterior dental implantation, brushing frequency ≤1 time/day and unscheduled cleaning are independent risk factors for peri-implantitis in diabetic patients based on the above risk factors. The line graph model can intuitively and accurately predict the probability of peri-implantitis in diabetic patients.

Influence of Particle Morphology of Ground Fly Ash on the Fluidity and Strength of Cement Paste.

The grinding process has become widely used to improve the fineness and performance of fly ash. However, most studies focus on the particle size distribution of ground fly ash, while the particle morphology is also an important factor to affect the performance of cement paste. This article aims at three different kinds of ground fly ash from the ball mill and vertical mill, and the particle morphology is observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to calculate the spherical destruction (the ratio of spherical particles broken into irregular particles in the grinding process of fly ash), which provides a quantification of the morphology change in the grinding process. The fluidity of cement paste and the strength of cement mortar are tested to study the relation of spherical destruction and fluidity and strength. The results show that the spherical destruction of ground fly ash in a ball mill is more than 80% and that in a vertical mill with a separation system is only 11.9%. Spherical destruction shows a significant relation with the fluidity. To different addition of ground fly ash, the fluidity of cement paste decreases with the increase of spherical destruction. To the strength of cement paste, particle size distribution and spherical destruction are both the key factors. Therefore, spherical destruction is an important measurement index to evaluate the grinding effect of the fly ash mill.

A green route to prepare metal-free phthalocyanine crystals with controllable structures by a simple solvothermal method.

Exploring the environmentally friendly and low-cost synthesis strategies of phthalocyanine (Pc) crystals in just one step is an absolute challenge. The solvothermal synthesis of phthalocyanine crystals shows the advantages of high-quality crystalline products, facile reaction and purification, and low cost. Nevertheless, only a few metal phthalocyanine crystals have been successfully synthesized via solvothermal reactions. In this study, we found that the crystalline ß metal-free phthalocyanine needles could be directly prepared via the tetrapolymerization of phthalodinitrile catalyzed by DBU in solvothermal reactions. Similar to the preparation of ß-phthalocyanine crystals, the α metal-free phthalocyanine crystals with the specific multiply-laminated structures can be obtained through solvothermal reactions assisted by DBN. SEM characterization showed that the individual ß metal-free phthalocyanine has a well-defined quadrangular shape with smooth faces. However, the α metal-free phthalocyanine exhibits a distinctive undulating surface morphology. Both phthalocyanines showed satisfactory thermal stability (from room temperature to about 300 °C), excellent resistance to acid/alkali solution, and fast photoelectric response properties (order of magnitude of response time, 10-6 s) as tested by TG-DSC and TPV, respectively. It is noted that ethanol was used as the reaction medium and the resulting phthalocyanine crystals can be facilely purified using hot ethanol to dissolve the impurities adsorbed on the surfaces of phthalocyanine crystals. Compared to the traditional methods, no re-crystallization operation was carried out for our method. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the solvothermal synthesis of metal-free phthalocyanine crystals with controllable crystal form adjusted by DBU/DBN in one step.

Genome-wide association studies of yield-related traits in high-latitude japonica rice.

BACKGROUND: Heilongjiang Province is a high-quality japonica rice cultivation area in China. One in ten bowls of Chinese rice is produced here. Increasing yield is one of the main aims of rice production in this area. However, yield is a complex quantitative trait composed of many factors. The purpose of this study was to determine how many genetic loci are associated with yield-related traits. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were performed on 450 accessions collected from northeast Asia, including Russia, Korea, Japan and Heilongjiang Province of China. These accessions consist of elite varieties and landraces introduced into Heilongjiang Province decade ago. RESULTS: After resequencing of the 450 accessions, 189,019 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were used for association studies by two different models, a general linear model (GLM) and a mixed linear model (MLM), examining four traits: days to heading (DH), plant height (PH), panicle weight (PW) and tiller number (TI). Over 25 SNPs were found to be associated with each trait. Among them, 22 SNPs were selected to identify candidate genes, and 2, 8, 1 and 11 SNPs were found to be located in 3' UTR region, intron region, coding region and intergenic region, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: All SNPs detected in this research may become candidates for further fine mapping and may be used in the molecular breeding of high-latitude rice.

Coinfection With HIV and SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan, China: A 12-Person Case Series.

BACKGROUND: Given the magnitude of the global COVID-19 pandemic, persons living with HIV (PLWH) may become coinfected with SARS-CoV-2. SETTING: We conducted a survey in Wuhan, China, to characterize the status of coinfected PLWH, their time to clinical improvement, and clinical prognoses. METHODS: Using a Wuhan shipping service for antiretroviral medications, the Wuhan LGBT Center screened 2900 PLWH shipping addresses and cross-referenced 36 of them to quarantine sites or hospitals, suggesting possible COVID-19 cases. Through telephone calls and WeChat (social media) messaging, we conducted a survey after obtaining online informed consent. RESULTS: We had 12 HIV-infected respondents (10 men and 2 women) who also reported COVID-19. The median age was 36 years (interquartile range: 33.0-56.3), mean age 42.4 years, and range 25-66 years of age. Nine of 10 persons on antiretroviral therapy (ART) presented with only mild COVID-19 symptoms. The 10th person on ART was a 56-year-old man who died at home early in the outbreak when health care services were overwhelmed. Two additional cases who had been in intensive care with acute COVID-19 were both men, aged 25 and 37 years; both were ART-naive until this hospitalization. Excluding the deceased man, 6 of 11 coinfected persons reported feeling depressed even after clinical improvements. CONCLUSION: Twelve coinfected persons were identified in Wuhan; 9 of 10 were on long-term ART and had favorable outcomes. Two men identified as having started ART only recently were found to have severe symptoms. Our case series suggests the value of ART for potential mitigation of COVID-19 coinfection.

Social Media Survey and Web Posting Assessment of the COVID-19 Response in China: Health Worker Attitudes Toward Preparedness and Personal Protective Equipment Shortages.

BACKGROUND: Understanding health worker awareness, attitudes, and self-confidence in the workplace can inform local and global responses toward emerging infectious threats, like the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Availability of accessible personal protective equipment (PPE) is vital to effective care and prevention. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional survey from February 24 to 28, 2020, to assess COVID-19 preparedness among health workers. In addition, we assessed trends from search engine web crawling and text-mining data trending over the Sina Weibo platform from January 1 to March 3, 2020. Data were abstracted on Chinese outbreak preparedness. RESULTS: In the survey, we engaged 6350 persons, of whom 1065 agreed to participate, and after an eligibility logic check, 1052 participated (16.6%). We accessed 412 internet posts as to PPE availability. Health workers who were satisfied with current preparedness to address COVID-19 were more likely to be female, to obtain knowledge about the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak from government organizations, and to consider their hospital prepared for outbreak management. Health workers with more confidence in their abilities to respond were those with more faith in their institution's response capacities. Elements of readiness included having airborne infection isolation rooms, visitor control procedures, and training in precautions and PPE use. Both survey and web post assessments suggested that health workers in need were unable to reliably obtain PPE. CONCLUSIONS: Health workers' self-confidence depends on perceived institutional readiness. Failure to maintain available PPE inventory for emerging infectious diseases preparedness suggests a failure to learn key lessons from the 2003-2004 SARS outbreak in China.

Analysis of genetic architecture and favorable allele usage of agronomic traits in a large collection of Chinese rice accessions.

Genotyping and phenotyping large natural populations provide opportunities for population genomic analysis and genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Several rice populations have been re-sequenced in the past decade; however, many major Chinese rice cultivars were not included in these studies. Here, we report large-scale genomic and phenotypic datasets for a collection mainly comprised of 1,275 rice accessions of widely planted cultivars and parental hybrid rice lines from China. The population was divided into three indica/Xian and three japonica/Geng phylogenetic subgroups that correlate strongly with their geographic or breeding origins. We acquired a total of 146 phenotypic datasets for 29 agronomic traits under multi-environments for different subpopulations. With GWAS, we identified a total of 143 significant association loci, including three newly identified candidate genes or alleles that control heading date or amylose content. Our genotypic analysis of agronomically important genes in the population revealed that many favorable alleles are underused in elite accessions, suggesting they may be used to provide improvements in future breeding efforts. Our study provides useful resources for rice genetics research and breeding.

The efficient, fast and facile decolorization of organic dyes homogeneously catalyzed by iron octacarboxylic phthalocyanine.

To remove the harmful dye contaminants via an efficient, facile and low energy consumption route is a grave challenge in current chemical industry. Though the great progresses of TiO2 photocatalysis and enzymatic degradation have been witnessed, the strategy for satisfying the above requirements is still worth exploring. Herein, we develop a biomimetic catalysis strategy for the fast decolorization of organic dyes catalyzed by iron octacarboxylic phthalocyanine (FeOCPc) complexes assisted with tert-butyl hydroperoxide (BuOOH). Methyl orange (MO) and methylene blue (MB) were used as the model pollutants and experimental results show that the decolorization degree of 25 mg/L MO could achieve 100% within 20 min and 80% for 25 mg/L MB within 30 min. The molar ratio for FeOCPc/MO and FeOCPc/MB is 0.146 and 0.142, respectively. Interestingly, other than the high-valent iron-oxygen active species, tert-butyl peroxyl radicals and hydroxyl radicals were detected as the active species generated during the catalytic oxidation by the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurement. This work not only provides a distinctive biomimetic catalysis system of FeOCPc-BuOOH for the fast bleaching of dye pollutants, but also proposes the new insight on a mechanism based on the cooperation catalysis of iron-oxygen active species, tert-butyl peroxyl radicals and hydroxyl radicals.

A simple and facile bioinspired catalytic strategy to decolorize dye wastewater by using metal octacarboxyphthalocyanine particles.

To explore the simple, facile, environmental friendly and low cost catalytic technique to decolorize harmful dye contaminants in solution and understand the mechanism is an interesting and practical research. In this paper, we provide a highly efficient and convenient method for fast decolorization of dyes (methylene blue and rhodamine B) in aqueous solution catalyzed by iron octacarboxyphthalocyanine (FeOCPc) or cobalt octacarboxyphthalocyanine (CoOCPc). Compared to the traditional methods, our method is very simple. The 30 mg/L methylene blue could be decolorized almost absolutely less than 30 min just by dispersing FeOCPc powders into the dye solution. The decolorization of rhodamine B at high concentration (30 mg/L) could be achieved to 100% decolorization degree less than 20 min in the presence of FeOCPc and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (BuOOH). Moreover, the ESR and HPLC-MS measurement were performed to determine the active radicals and various intermediates in decolorization processes and the possible catalytic mechanism was proposed. It is noted that both FeOCPc and CoOCPc catalysts show the different catalytic oxidation behaviors depending on the oxidant (O2 or BuOOH). Our investigation provides a novel, low cost and convenient strategy to purify the environmental pollutions.