Mediating attentional control between depression and problematic Internet use in female adolescents: the role of attentional focusing and shifting.

PURPOSE: Female adolescents are more prone to depression compared with male adolescents, and depression is often associated with poor attentional control and problematic internet use (PIU). Attentional control includes both focusing and shifting functions. Focusing refers to the ability to direct attention to a task despite distractions. Shifting refers to the ability to flexibly switch attention between different tasks. This study examines the mediating role of attentional focusing and shifting between depression and PIU. METHODS: Female high school and college students (n = 476) in Taiwan participated in a survey administered at three time points over a seven-month period. The single- and two- mediator models examined their joint mediation effects. RESULTS: The results showed that the direct effect of depression on PIU was significant. The indirect effects also showed that attentional focusing was a negative partial mediator in the relationship between depression and PIU, while attentional shifting was not one. CONCLUSION: Informed by attentional theory and digital emotion regulation, addressing depression to mitigate its negative impact on attentional control and negative emotions is crucial. The potential impact, whether harmful or beneficial, of adolescents carefully selecting their online activities to reduce the risk of PIU remains contentious. Given the focus on Taiwanese adolescent girls during the COVID-19 pandemic, further research is needed to extend the applicability of the theory to other periods without being affected by COVID-19.

The effectiveness of acupressure for managing postoperative pain in patients with thoracoscopic surgery: A randomized control trial.

PURPOSE: More than 86% patients experience moderate to severe pain after thoracoscopic surgery. A combination of diverse nonpharmacological pain relief methods is a developing trend for pain management. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of acupressure in reducing pain after thoracoscopic surgery. DESIGN: A Randomized controlled study with purpose sampling was used for this study. Patients who underwent thoracoscopic surgery at a medical center in central Taiwan were enrolled. Study data was collected from September 2020 to April 2021 after the approval of the institutional review board. A total of 100 participants were randomized into two groups (49 and 51 in the experimental and control groups, respectively). METHODS: Participants in the experimental group received acupressure at the Neiguan (PC6) and Shenmen (HT7) acupoints thrice a day for 2 days, whereas those in the control group received routine treatment and did not receive acupressure. The measurement included questionnaires for the collection of general information, physiological information, and disease rating scale. The Visual Analogue Scale-Pain (VAS-P) was used to measure the severity of pain. SPSS statistical software was used for data analysis. Independent sample t-test and chi-squared test were used for descriptive statistics, and paired t-test and linear mixed model were used to examine the effect of acupressure in alleviating pain. FINDINGS: After acupressure intervention, the pain score of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group, and this difference was significant ß = 17.76, p < 0.001 on day 1 after intervention; ß = 19.80, p < 0.001 on day 2 after intervention. The postoperative pain score in the experimental group on day 2 after intervention was significantly lower than that in the control group (t = 2.039, p = 0.044). After the subjects received acupressure, pain index significantly decreased after considering the interaction between time and group (p < 0.001). Regardless of the type of surgery, there were significant differences in pain index when the interaction between time and group was considered (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This study provided an experimental basis that acupressure can help in pain management in patients after thoracoscopic surgery, and the pain relief results become more significant as the duration of intervention increases. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Acupressure is effective in relieving postoperative pain in any type of thoracoscopic surgery. Nurses can use acupressure to help control pain in patients after thoracoscopic surgery.

[The Reliability and Validity of the Chinese Version of the Experienced Level of Existential Emptiness].

BACKGROUND: Psychiatric patients are affected by diseases and mental symptoms that may worsen their ability to adjust emotionally. Being unable to respond to the emptiness, increases the risk of suicidal behaviors. PURPOSE: This study was designed to translate the Experienced Level of Existential Emptiness (ELEE) scale, developed by Hazell in 1984, from the original English into Chinese and then to test its reliability and validity. METHODS: This research adopted a cross-sectional design and collected data using convenience sampling and a structured questionnaire. The subjects of this study were psychiatric outpatients in the acute and chronic wards of a psychiatric hospital in Taiwan. The instruments used in this research included a demographic datasheet; the ELEE; the University of California, Los Angeles Loneliness Scale, version 3; the Beck Depression Inventory-II; the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Y form; and the Oxford Happiness Inventory. After the data were obtained, the reliability and validity of the Chinese-version scale was tested. RESULTS: Three hundred subjects were surveyed. The content validity index value of the ELEE was between .88 and 1, and the retest reliability and intrinsic consistency were good. From the analysis of criterion-related validity, a higher degree of emptiness was shown to correlate with more-obvious feelings of loneliness, depression, and anxiety. Conversely, a higher sense of happiness was shown to correlate with less-obvious feelings of these three variables. After the construct validity test, which used confirmatory factor analysis and regarded the co-variation coefficient of association and model fit index as the basis of consideration, the scale was reduced to two sub-scales of seven questions each. After the deletion of items, the scale retained good retest reliability and intrinsic consistency, supporting the retention of the 14 questions in the scale. CONCLUSIONS / IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The findings of this study support using the Chinese version of the ELEE to measure emptiness in patients with mental illness and then providing appropriate medical assistance based on the measured results.

The Spiritual Needs of Community-Dwelling Older People Living With Early-Stage Dementia-A Qualitative Study.

PURPOSE: To explore the spiritual needs of community-dwelling older people living with early-stage dementia. DESIGN: A descriptive qualitative research design with purposive sampling was used. METHODS: Ten older people who were receiving home care services from a mental hospital in central Taiwan were recruited. In-depth semistructured interviews were conducted and content analysis was performed. FINDINGS: Four themes emerged that described the spiritual wishes and needs of older people with early-stage dementia: the wish to turn back time, the need to instill meaning into past experiences, the need to rely on faith-based strength, and the wish to have one's remaining life under control. The spiritual needs centered on a strong yearning to engage in a tug-of-war with time to reverse the impaired memory and independence. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides insights into the spiritual needs of older people with early-stage dementia. They struggled to maintain a balance between independence and dependence, build a sense of self and value, seek guidance and support from religious faith, and retain control over their lives. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The findings can be expected to help caregivers improve care of older people with dementia by empowering older people to hold onto control in their lives and providing opportunities for them to connect with others for fulfilling their spiritual needs.

[Nursing Experience With Reconstructing Self-Control Using Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy on a Patient With Schizophrenia and Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms].

This case report describes a nursing experience caring for a patient with schizophrenia and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. This patient suffered from symptoms of being controlled, obsessive thoughts, and compulsive behaviors. In addition, the patient showed no interest in implementing strategies for dealing with anxiety, no motivation for changing this suffering, and an inability to receive a higher level of rehabilitative job training in daycare. These problems impeded this patient's reintegration into the community. Therefore, the authors employed a five-dimension assessment (physical, emotional, cognitive, social, and spiritual) in order to address the two major nursing problems. The period of nursing care was from October 21, 2016 to January 10, 2017. The two nursing problems addressed included: 1) altered thought processes and 2) ineffective coping. The author provided potentially helpful nursing processes based on the theory of Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy in order to help the patient cope with symptoms, including being controlled and obsessive-compulsive behaviors. Meanwhile, a relaxation technique was applied to reduce the patient's feelings of discomfort during the nursing processes. As a result, the patient's coping skills to deal with symptoms of being controlled, obsession, and compulsion were improved through refutation of irrational beliefs. In addition to showing rational emotions and appropriate behavior to handle pressures, the patient was also able to apply the relaxation technique to relieve the discomfort from anxiety and pain as needed. This case report suggests that nurses may implement the irrational beliefs refutation training regimen under Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy for similar cases at the beginning of nursing-patients relationships. Furthermore, providing relaxation techniques in the nursing process may assist patients to deal with stressful life events. The results of this nursing experience are expected to help nursing colleagues apply the above theory and skills with schizophrenia patients with obsessive-compulsive symptoms.

Social and Cultural Context of Betel Quid Consumption in Taiwan and Implications for Prevention and Cessation Interventions.

BACKGROUND: In Taiwan, betel quid chewing is a part of social life for chewers. Betel quid itself, with or without tobacco, is a Group 1 human carcinogen. Betel quid chewing has become a severe health threat in Taiwan. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to identify the individual, social, contextual, and cultural factors related to initiation, continuous use, and cessation of betel quid chewing. METHODS: Four focus groups and 15 in depth face-to-face interviews were conducted in 2013 with current and former users of betel quid, members of a community organization located in central Taiwan. A thematic analysis identified themes evident across all groups. RESULTS: Study participants (N = 41) were 66% male and 34% female; mean age was 40.34 ± 9.23 years. Participants stated that betel quid initiation usually occurs during childhood and that the most frequent reasons for chewing were: to follow cultural/social traditions, to achieve an energetic feeling, and to avoid boredom. Participants perceived betel quid chewing as an addiction and a risk factor for cancer and other health-related conditions. The most frequently mentioned barriers to quitting betel quid included: peer pressure and selected withdrawal symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: For the development of culturally relevant and effective cessation interventions for betel quid in Taiwan, it is critical to understand and address perceptions of betel quid chewing and barriers to cessation.

[A Symbol of Connectedness Between the Self and the Tribal Home: Betel Quid in the Lives of Indigenous Taiwanese].

BACKGROUND: Betel quid chewing plays a significant role in the development of oral cancer, yet the high prevalence of betel quid use remains a serious health problem in Taiwan, especially among indigenous Taiwanese. PURPOSE: The present study aimed to understand the reasons behind betel-quid chewing among indigenous Taiwanese people by examining the larger context of their culture and traditions. METHODS: This descriptive, qualitative study recruited ten regular betel quid indigenous chewers using purposive and snowball sampling. Four of the participants were interviewed individually and the remaining six comprised a focus group. Data were collected using in-depth interviews with semi-structured guidelines and analyzed using qualitative content analysis following the process of open coding, identifying codes, giving meaningful names to codes, putting similar codes in categories, and grouping categories into themes. RESULTS: Most of the participants associated betel quid with significant aspects of life, with betel quid symbolizing social belonging. In indigenous cultures, betel nut embodies the enduring companionship of lifelong friends. For the study participants, chewing betel quid was associated with symbolic meanings associated with the following five themes: betel quid chewing helps reinforce self-identity and sense of belonging; betel quid is considered a traditional symbol of love and marriage; betel quid reflects the celebration of simple abundance in indigenous life; betel quid represents an attitude toward life that accentuates the importance of learning to live in everlasting harmony with the environment and nature; and betel quid chewing is used to cure physical ailments and mitigate dental problems. CONCLUSIONS / IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Beliefs related to chewing betel quid deeply impact the attitudes of indigenous people toward this behavior. Because chewing betel quid is an essential part of Taiwanese indigenous community life, the cultural and symbolic meanings of this practice must be taken into consideration when drafting related policies and developing cessation programs in order to help indigenous betel-quid chewers effectively reduce the risk of developing oral cancers.

The effectiveness of a participatory program on fall prevention in oncology patients.

Falls are known to be one of the most common in patient adverse events. A high incidence of falls was reported on patients with cancer. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of a participatory program on patient's knowledge and self-efficacy of fall prevention and fall incidence in an oncology ward. In this quasi-experimental study, 68 participants were recruited at a medical centre in Taiwan. A 20-min fall prevention program was given to patients. A questionnaire was used to evaluate the effectiveness of program after on day 3 of intervention. The data of fall incidence rates were collected from hospital record. Fall incidences with and without the program were used to compare the effectiveness of intervention. The patients' knowledge and self-efficacy of fall prevention are better than after intervention. A statistically significant difference in fall incidence rate was observed with (0.0%) and without (19.3%) the program. Our findings suggest that the fact of the bedside is that the most risk for falling in hospital must be communicated to the hospitalized patients. Educating patients about fall prevention and activities associated with falling increases their awareness of the potential of falling and promoting patient safety.

Anti-Restenotic Roles of Dihydroaustrasulfone Alcohol Involved in Inhibiting PDGF-BB-Stimulated Proliferation and Migration of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells.

Dihydroaustrasulfone alcohol (DA), an active compound firstly isolated from marine corals, has been reported to reveal anti-cancer and anti-inflammation activities. These reported activities of DA raised a possible application in anti-restenosis. Abnormal proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and the stimulation of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB play major pathological processes involved in the development of restenosis. Experimental results showed that DA markedly reduced balloon injury-induced neointima formation in the rat carotid artery model and significantly inhibited PDGF-BB-stimulated proliferation and migration of VSMCs. Our data further demonstrated that translational and active levels of several critical signaling cascades involved in VSMC proliferation, such as extracellular signal-regulated kinase/ mitogen-activated protein kinases (ERK/MAPK), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT, and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), were obviously inhibited. In addition, DA also decreased the activation and expression levels of gelatinases (matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9) involved in cell migration. In conclusion, our findings indicate that DA can reduce balloon injury-neointimal hyperplasia, the effect of which may be modulated through suppression of VSMC proliferation and migration. These results suggest that DA has potential application as an anti-restenotic agent for the prevention of restenosis.

Using non-invasive assessment methods to predict the risk of metabolic syndrome.

This study aimed to develop non-invasive assessment indicators for predicting the risk of metabolic syndrome. A cross-sectional study design with 154 convenient subjects recruited from the family clinics was used for this study. Physical assessment sheet, lifestyle profile, the heart rate variability assessment and standard blood sample tests were used to measure variables. The subjects were categorized into four groups based on the number of factors meeting the criteria for metabolic syndrome. After excluding invasive blood tests, the results of multivariate logistic regression identified non-invasive assessment (blood pressure, body mass index and very lower frequency of heart rate variability) were the significantly predictors of the risks of metabolic syndrome. When invasive blood test cannot be performed, community health care providers can use the non-invasive physical assessments to predict the risk of early-stage metabolic syndrome, consequently enabling them to implement related health education and interventions.

[The Discursive Analysis of Mental Health Promotion Efforts Targeting Community-Dwelling Young Adults at High Risk of Mental Illness].

The mental health of adolescents and young adults is an issue of concern worldwide due to the increase in violent incidents that have been perpetrated by members of this age group. Young people at high-risk of mental disability are easily ignored. Therefore, social tensions in society have increased due to safety issues arising from the problems that are associated with mental disabilities in this population. This paper discusses the importance of early identification and early prevention of mental disabilities in high-risk young people, defines high-risk mental illness, and identifies the various subcategories of mental diseases. Based on our review of the literature, the present paper suggests targeting young people in high-risk categories with health promotion that addresses the following six health-promotion lifestyle habits: engaging in regular exercise, eating a balanced diet, managing stress, engaging in social relationships, taking responsibility for personal health, and fulfilling self-actualization. This discursive analysis discusses these strategies as safe and sustained interventions for adolescents and young adults that may improve self-awareness and thus maintain health and enhance opportunities to promote an ideal health status.

Attributes, Quality, and Downloads of Dementia-Related Mobile Apps for Patients With Dementia and Their Caregivers: App Review and Evaluation Study.

BACKGROUND: The adoption of mobile health (mHealth) apps among older adults (>65 years) is rapidly increasing. However, use of such apps has not been fully effective in supporting people with dementia and their caregivers in their daily lives. This is mainly attributed to the heterogeneous quality of mHealth apps, highlighting the need for improved app quality in the development of dementia-related mHealth apps. OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were (1) to assess the quality and content of mobile apps for dementia management and (2) to investigate the relationship between app quality and download numbers. METHODS: We reviewed dementia-related mHealth apps available in the Google Play Store and Apple App Store in Taiwan. The identified mobile apps were stratified according to a random sampling approach and evaluated by five independent reviewers with sufficient training and proficiency in the field of mHealth and the related health care sector. App quality was scored according to the user version of the Mobile Application Rating Scale. A correlation analysis was then performed between the app quality score and number of app downloads. RESULTS: Among the 17 apps that were evaluated, only one was specifically designed to provide dementia-related education. The mean score for the overall app quality was 3.35 (SD 0.56), with the engagement (mean 3.04, SD 0.82) and information (mean 3.14, SD 0.88) sections of the scale receiving the lowest ratings. Our analyses showed clear differences between the top three- and bottom three-rated apps, particularly in the entertainment and interest subsections of the engagement category where the ratings ranged from 1.4 to 5. The top three apps had a common feature in their interface, which included memory, attention, focus, calculation, and speed-training games, whereas the apps that received lower ratings were found to be deficient in providing adequate information. Although there was a correlation between the number of downloads (5000 or more) and app quality (t15=4.087, P<.001), this may not be a significant determinant of the app's perceived impact. CONCLUSIONS: The quality of dementia-related mHealth apps is highly variable. In particular, our results show that the top three quality apps performed well in terms of engagement and information, and they all received more than 5000 downloads. The findings of this study are limited due to the small sample size and possibility of disregarding exceptional occurrences. Publicly available expert ratings of mobile apps could help people with dementia and their caregivers choose a quality mHealth app.

Efficacy of turmeric in the treatment of oral mucositis in patients with head and neck cancer after radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Oral mucositis is a major complication for head and neck cancer (HNC) patients after radiotherapy or chemotherapy. A meta-analysis was performed to assess the efficacy of turmeric in the treatment of oral mucositis in HNC patients. Methods: Randomized controlled trials investigating our topic were included in the meta-analysis. The clinical outcomes considered were the severity of oral mucositis, pain level, and weight loss. Results: A total of eight articles that met our inclusion criteria were included in our meta-analysis. At the 3-week follow-up visit, the turmeric group showed significantly lower grades of oral mucositis compared to the control group (p = 0.03). When compared to the placebo group, a significant difference in the degree of oral mucositis was observed at the 4-(p = 0.03) and 6-week (p < 0.00001) follow-up visits. No significant difference in pain levels was observed between the turmeric and control groups at any of the follow-up visits. However, a significant improvement in pain levels for the turmeric group when compared with the placebo group was observed only at the 6-week follow-up visit (p = 0.006). Interestingly, a significant improvement in pain levels was observed for the turmeric group at the 2-, 4-, 5-, and 6-week follow-up visits (p < 0.05) when compared to the non-placebo group. The turmeric group showed less weight loss than the control group at the final follow-up visit (p = 0.03). conclusion: Our meta-analysis showed that using turmeric may be effective in improving both the severity of oral mucositis and pain levels in HNC patients who have received radiotherapy or radiochemotherapy. In addition, the turmeric group experienced less weight loss.

The Comparison of Lifestyles, Mental Risks, and Physical Indices among Individuals with Ultra-High Risk of Psychosis, Patients with Schizophrenia, and the General Public.

(1) Background: Early interventions may effectively reduce the risk of mental disorders in individuals with ultra-high risk. Specifying the health needs of individuals with ultra-high risk is crucial before the implementation of successful early intervention. This study aimed to explore the differences in lifestyles, mental risks, and physical indices among individuals with ultra-high risk, patients with schizophrenia, and healthy subjects. (2) Methods: A cross-section design applying seven questionnaires with physical examinations for 144 participants aged 13-45 years old was conducted in this study. The questionnaires included one about personal data, four on mental risks, and two for lifestyles. (3) Results: The individuals with ultra-high risk scored similarly in many dimensions as the patients with schizophrenia, but they displayed lower positive symptoms, lower negative symptoms, lower prodromal symptoms, higher interpersonal deficits, lower nutrition intake, and higher levels of exercise than the patients with schizophrenia. Female individuals with ultra-high risk had lower self-esteem, higher positive symptoms, lower nutrition intake, and higher exercise levels than male ones. (4) Conclusions: The study pinpointed specific health needs with interpersonal deficits, nutrition intake, and physical activity for the individuals with ultra-high risk. Future interventions targeted on improving social function, dietary pattern, and exercise will be beneficial.

[The philosophical foundations of evidence-based nursing].

As a branch of evidence-based practice, evidence-based nursing emphasizes the integration of patient needs, the evidence for practical problem solving, and the application of nursing expertise. The criteria of evidence and the application of evidence in practice are the central theoretical foundations of evidence-based practice and evidence-based nursing. Therefore, the main philosophical considerations of evidence-based nursing shall focus on the criteria by which evidence supports propositions and how evidence should be applied in practice. In this paper, we explain the criteria of evidence from an epistemological perspective and explain the application of evidence in practice from the perspective of rational decision-making. Finally, we use these philosophical considerations to propose practical guidelines for evidence-based nursing and explain the philosophical significance of nursing practice.

[Assay of screening and prevention issues for high risk populations with prodromes of severe mental illness].

Before the appearance of specific psychotic symptoms, most individuals experience a period of prodromal symptoms associated with severe mental illness. Early intervention during this pre-psychotic phase may improve treatment outcomes, alter the natural course of disease, and prevent or delay mental disease onset. This paper aimed to synthesize four screening strategies (genetic high-risk populations selected by family history with mental illness, finding ultra-high-risk population, the close-in strategy, and the pre-psychotic phase by assessing basic symptoms); two intervention dimensions (psychosocial interventions and antipsychotic medicine); discussions of ethnic issues; and three Taiwanese nurses' roles (the role of assessment for screening, the role of development for screening tools, and the role of preventive intervention providers) to attain early diagnoses and prevention of mental illness. This article provides more information to advanced Taiwanese mental health nurses responsible to promote /s enhance the health of patients with prodromes of severe mental illness.

Action Research on Applying Compound Stimulus Approach to Improve Empathetic Communication: The Case of Physical Therapy Students.

(1) Background: Empathetic communicative skills are the first step in establishing a good therapeutic relationship. The purpose of this study is to understand the effectiveness of improving the empathetic communicative skills applied to obtain accurate and precise information from patients via compound stimulus-drama in education. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional, one-group, pre- and post-test design was used for this study. In the two-day workshop, four clinical physiotherapists acted as tutors for the "Compound Stimulus-Drama in Education" module and assessed students' performances. The Standard Patient Rating Scale (SPRS), Objective Structured Clinical Examination Scale (OSCES), Professional and Communication Self-Assessment Scale (PCSS), Patients' Information (PI), and the Jefferson Scale of Empathy (JSE) were used to assess the students' empathy scores and communication skills, before and after the course. (3) Results: Fifty-seven students participated in this study. The results showed that there were significant improvements in the SPRS, OSCES, PCSS, PI, and JSE (p < 0.05). Both the quantitative data and the participants' reflection feedback suggest that this novel module was more helpful than traditional clinical practice courses for improving clinical empathy communication skills. (4) Conclusions: This study provided an innovative teaching model and assessment tools for learning clinic empathetic communicative skills in future education training.

Predicting the likelihood of suicide attempts for rural outpatients with schizophrenia.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To explore suicide predictors in rural outpatients with schizophrenia. Background. Suicide is a major cause of mortality in patients with schizophrenia. Evidence indicates that patients in rural areas are at high risk for inadequate health care services. However, information is limited on suicide risk in outpatients with schizophrenia in rural areas. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. METHODS: Data were collected on individuals enrolled in the 2007 Taiwan National Health Insurance program as diagnosed with schizophrenia, ≥ 18 years, and living in a rural county. Eligible individuals (n=1655) were assessed by 12 community-based nurses at 12 public health centres. Participants' personal information was retrieved from National Health Insurance records using a personal data sheet, and treatment experiences were obtained by interviewing patients with a 10-item risk-assessment inventory. Data were collected over 18 months (2007-2008) and analysed by descriptive statistics and regression analyses. RESULTS: Risk of suicide attempt in the previous year had four significant predictors: number of self-harm incidents during the previous year, violent incidents towards others during the previous year, number of follow-ups by mental health clinics and number of involuntary hospitalisations during the previous year (R(2) = 0.337, adjusted R(2) = 0.334, F=133.19, p=0.000). CONCLUSION: Health care providers should assess rural outpatients with schizophrenia for suicidal thoughts by asking simple questions to evaluate for a history of self-harm and violence and by comparing this information with health system data on follow-ups by mental health clinics and involuntary hospitalisations. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Community-based health providers may use these results to prioritise assessments when they have a high case load of patients with schizophrenia. Community-based nurses need to be trained to recognise these four predictors to increase their sensitivity to suicidality among patients with schizophrenia.

A Survey of Mobile Apps for the Care Management of Patients with Dementia.

OBJECTIVE: Dementia is a progressive neurocognitive disorder that currently affects approximately 50 million people globally and causes a heavy burden for their families and societies. This study analyzed mobile apps for dementia care in different languages and during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: We searched PubMed, Cochrane Collaboration Central Register of Con-trolled Clinical Trials, Cochrane Systematic Reviews, Google Play Store, Apple App Store, and Huawei App Store for mobile applications for dementia care. The Mobile Application Rating Scale (MARS) was used to assess the quality of applications. RESULTS: We included 99 apps for dementia care. No significant difference in MARS scores was noted between the two language apps (Overall MARS: English: 3.576 ± 0.580, Chinese: 3.569 ± 0.746, p = 0.962). In the subscale analysis, English apps had higher scores of perceived impact than Chinese apps but these were not significant (2.654 ± 1.372 vs. 2.000 ± 1.057, p = 0.061). (2) Applications during the COVID-19 pandemic had higher MARS scores than those before the COVID-19 pandemic but these were not significant (during the COVID-19 pandemic: 3.722 ± 0.416; before: 3.699 ± 0.615, p = 0.299). In the sub-scale analysis, apps during the COVID-19 pandemic had higher scores of engagement than apps before the COVID-19 pandemic but these were not significant (3.117 ± 0.594 vs. 2.698 ± 0.716, p = 0.068). CONCLUSIONS: Our results revealed that there is a minor but nonsignificant difference between different languages and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Further cooperation among dementia professionals, technology experts, and caregivers is warranted to provide evidence-based and user-friendly information to meet the needs of users.

The exploration of a screen model for detecting undergraduates at higher risk for developing psychosis: A cross-sectional study in a medical university.

PURPOSE: To examine a screen model for detecting undergraduates with higher risk for developing psychosis (HRDP). DESIGN AND METHODS: A cross-sectional design with convenience sampling was used. The screen model included exploration stage by self-report scales and confirmation stage by face-to-face interviews. FINDINGS: A total of 273 students were detected from 4744 surveys during 4 years. Of them, 120 students with HRDP were identified and 7 had been diagnosed as schizophrenia or bipolar disorders at 12-month follow-up. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: This screen model can be used in early detection for undergraduates with HRDP from large general samples.