RESUMO
Centrosome amplification is a hallmark of human cancers that can trigger cancer cell invasion. To survive, cancer cells cluster amplified extra centrosomes and achieve pseudobipolar division. Here, we set out to prevent clustering of extra centrosomes. Tubulin, by interacting with the centrosomal protein CPAP, negatively regulates CPAP-dependent peri-centriolar material recruitment, and concurrently microtubule nucleation. Screening for compounds that perturb CPAP-tubulin interaction led to the identification of CCB02, which selectively binds at the CPAP binding site of tubulin. Genetic and chemical perturbation of CPAP-tubulin interaction activates extra centrosomes to nucleate enhanced numbers of microtubules prior to mitosis. This causes cells to undergo centrosome de-clustering, prolonged multipolar mitosis, and cell death. 3D-organotypic invasion assays reveal that CCB02 has broad anti-invasive activity in various cancer models, including tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-resistant EGFR-mutant non-small-cell lung cancers. Thus, we have identified a vulnerability of cancer cells to activation of extra centrosomes, which may serve as a global approach to target various tumors, including drug-resistant cancers exhibiting high incidence of centrosome amplification.
Assuntos
Centrossomo/metabolismo , Proteínas Associadas aos Microtúbulos/metabolismo , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Bibliotecas de Moléculas Pequenas/administração & dosagem , Tubulina (Proteína)/metabolismo , Animais , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Centrossomo/efeitos dos fármacos , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Feminino , Células HeLa , Humanos , Camundongos , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Ligação Proteica/efeitos dos fármacos , Bibliotecas de Moléculas Pequenas/farmacologia , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de XenoenxertoRESUMO
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a risk factor for neonatal chronic lung disease (CLD) characterized by reduced alveoli and perturbed matrix remodeling. Previously, our group showed an activation of myofibroblasts and matrix remodeling in rat lungs after IUGR. Because growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) regulate development and growth, we queried 1) whether GH/IGF-I signaling is dysregulated in lungs after IUGR and 2) whether GH/IGF-I signaling is linked to neonatal lung myofibroblast function. IUGR was induced in Wistar rats by isocaloric low-protein diet during gestation. Lungs were obtained at embryonic day (E) 21, postnatal day (P) 3, P12, and P23. Murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) or primary neonatal myofibroblasts from rat lungs of control (pnFCo) and IUGR (pnFIUGR) were used for cell culture studies. In the intrauterine phase (E21), we found a reduction in GH receptor (GH-R), Stat5 signaling and IGF-I expression in lungs after IUGR. In the postnatal phase (P3-P23), catchup growth after IUGR was linked to increased GH mRNA, GH-R protein, activation of proliferative Stat5/Akt signaling, cyclin D1 and PCNA in rat lungs. On P23, a thickening of the alveolar septae was related to increased vimentin and matrix deposition, indicating fibrosis. In cell culture studies, nutrient deprivation blocked GH-R/IGF-IR signaling and proliferation in MEFs; this was reversed by IGF-I. Proliferation and Stat5 activation were increased in pnFIUGR. IGF-I and GH induced proliferation and migration of pnFCo; only IGF-I had these effects on pnFIUGR. Thus, we show a novel mechanism by which the GH/IGF-I axis in lung myofibroblasts could account for structural lung changes after IUGR.
Assuntos
Retardo do Crescimento Fetal/fisiopatologia , Hormônio do Crescimento/metabolismo , Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like I/metabolismo , Pulmão/patologia , Miofibroblastos/patologia , Animais , Proliferação de Células , Células Cultivadas , Feminino , Pulmão/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Pulmão/metabolismo , Masculino , Miofibroblastos/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Transdução de SinaisRESUMO
Calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) are a cornerstone of the current treatment in solid organ transplantation and autoimmune disease. However, CNIs also bear deleterious effects as they cause glomerular and tubulointerstitial fibrosis in the kidney. We recently identified Y-box protein-1 (YB-1) as a novel downstream effector of CNI-signaling in the cytoplasm of glomerular cells. In the present study, we corroborate the pro-fibrotic role of YB-1 in glomeruli of patients under CNI-treatment. Such effects in glomeruli are significantly mitigated in CNI-treated mice with half-normal YB-1 expression (Yb1+/-). Surprisingly, in the tubulointerstitium we observe an opposite role of the CNI-YB-1 axis. Here, YB-1 is predominantly located to the nuclei and represses transcription of several extracellular matrix genes. Consistently, CNI-treatment in Yb1+/- mice markedly increases pro-fibrotic changes in the tubulointerstitium. In summary, our data provide evidence that fibrotic CNI-induced YB-1 effects in glomerular cells need to be contrasted with beneficial anti-fibrotic effects in the tubulointerstitium.
Assuntos
Inibidores de Calcineurina/efeitos adversos , Fibrose/metabolismo , Nefropatias/induzido quimicamente , Nefropatias/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , Animais , Matriz Extracelular/genética , Matriz Extracelular/metabolismo , Feminino , Fibrose/genética , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Rim/metabolismo , Nefropatias/genética , Glomérulos Renais/metabolismo , Transplante de Rim/métodos , Camundongos , Transcrição Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Transcrição Gênica/genéticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND & AIMS: The severity of acute viral hepatitis, which may be caused by several distinct viruses, varies among individual patients. In rare cases, severe hepatic injury with sudden loss of liver function may occur, which is clinically indicated by the occurrence of coagulopathy or encephalopathy. As the molecular mechanisms of this liver injury are largely unknown, we investigated extracellular micro RNA (miRNA) profiles in 54 patients acutely infected with one of four different hepatotropic viruses, in order to identify those miRNAs which indicate severe viral hepatitis associated with coagulopathy. METHODS: First, the profile of miRNAs was extensively analysed using a microarray-based approach in highly characterized 24 patients, matched in terms of sex, age and level of liver enzymes, as well as in three healthy controls. The cohort included samples from 18 patients with moderate and six individuals with severe hepatitis, indicated by abnormal prothrombin time and higher alanine aminotransferase and bilirubin levels. miRNAs found to be upregulated in severe hepatitis were then quantified by real-time PCR in the expanded cohort of 54 patients. RESULTS: Comprehensive microarray-based miRNA profiling identified upregulation of mir-106a, mir-122 and mir-197 in patients with severe acute viral hepatitis with coagulopathy, as compared to patients who did not develop coagulopathy. mir-106a, mir-122 and mir-197 were then proven to be significantly upregulated in patients with severe acute viral hepatitis by quantitative real-time PCR (P < 0.01, Mann-Whitney U-test). CONCLUSIONS: mir-106a, mir-122 and mir-197 could be potential markers for severe acute viral hepatitis associated with coagulopathy.
Assuntos
Coagulação Sanguínea , Hepatite A/genética , Hepatite B/genética , Hepatite C/genética , Hepatite E/genética , MicroRNAs/genética , Doença Aguda , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica/métodos , Hepatite A/sangue , Hepatite A/diagnóstico , Hepatite B/sangue , Hepatite B/diagnóstico , Hepatite C/sangue , Hepatite C/diagnóstico , Hepatite E/sangue , Hepatite E/diagnóstico , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise de Sequência com Séries de Oligonucleotídeos , Tempo de Protrombina , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Estudos Retrospectivos , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Regulação para Cima , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) is a histone modifier that is highly overexpressed in lung adenocarcinoma, which results in aggressive tumor biology. Tumor cell proliferation and migration analysis after LSD1 inhibition in the lung adenocarcinoma cell line PC9, using the LSD1 inhibitor HCI-2509 and siRNA, demonstrated that LSD1 activity was essential for proliferation and migration capacities of tumor cells. Moreover, reduced proliferation rates after LSD1 inhibition were shown to be associated with a cell-cycle arrest of the tumor cells in the G2-M-phase. Expression profiling followed by functional classification and pathway analysis indicated prominent repression of the polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) pathway upon LSD1 inhibition. In contrast, transient overexpression of exogenous PLK1 plasmid rescued the LSD1 inhibition-mediated downregulation of PLK1 pathway genes. Mechanistically, LSD1 directly regulates expression of PLK1 by binding to its promoter region that subsequently affects expression of its downstream target genes. Notably, using lung adenocarcinoma TCGA datasets a significant correlation between LSD1 and PLK1 along with its downstream targets was observed. Furthermore, the LSD1/PLK1 linkage was confirmed by IHC analysis in a clinical lung adenocarcinoma cohort (n = 43). Conclusively, this is the first study showing a direct transcriptional link between LSD1 and PLK1. IMPLICATIONS: These findings point to a role of LSD1 in regulating PLK1 and thus efficient G2-M-transition-mediating proliferation of tumor cells and suggest targeting the LSD1/PLK1 axis as a novel therapeutic approach for lung adenocarcinoma treatment.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/genética , Proliferação de Células/genética , Histona Desmetilases/genética , Mitose/genética , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/genética , Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão/genética , Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão/patologia , Pontos de Checagem do Ciclo Celular/genética , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Movimento Celular/genética , Regulação para Baixo/genética , Pontos de Checagem da Fase G2 do Ciclo Celular/genética , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas/genética , RNA Interferente Pequeno/genética , Transcrição Gênica/genética , Quinase 1 Polo-LikeRESUMO
A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
RESUMO
LIN28B is a RNA-binding protein regulating predominantly let-7 microRNAs with essential functions in inflammation, wound healing, embryonic stem cells, and cancer. LIN28B expression is associated with tumor initiation, progression, resistance, and poor outcome in several solid cancers, including lung cancer. However, the functional role of LIN28B, especially in non-small cell lung adenocarcinomas, remains elusive. Here, we investigated the effects of LIN28B expression on lung tumorigenesis using LIN28B transgenic overexpression in an autochthonous KRASG12V-driven mouse model. We found that LIN28B overexpression significantly increased the number of CD44+/CD326+ tumor cells, upregulated VEGF-A and miR-21 and promoted tumor angiogenesis and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) accompanied by enhanced AKT phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of c-MYC. Moreover, LIN28B accelerated tumor initiation and enhanced proliferation which led to a shortened overall survival. In addition, we analyzed lung adenocarcinomas of the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and found LIN28B expression in 24% of KRAS-mutated cases, which underscore the relevance of our model.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/patologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Mutação , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas p21(ras)/genética , Proteínas de Ligação a RNA/genética , Animais , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/genética , Molécula de Adesão da Célula Epitelial/metabolismo , Transição Epitelial-Mesenquimal , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Receptores de Hialuronatos/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Camundongos , Camundongos Transgênicos , Neoplasias Experimentais/genética , Análise de SobrevidaRESUMO
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most prevalent subtype of non-small cell lung cancer. Despite the development of novel targeted and immune therapies, the 5-year survival rate is still only 21%, indicating the need for more efficient treatment regimens. Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) is an epigenetic eraser that modifies histone 3 methylation status, and is highly overexpressed in LUAD. Using representative human cell culture systems and two autochthonous transgenic mouse models, we investigated inhibition of LSD1 as a novel therapeutic option for treating LUAD. The reversible LSD1 inhibitor HCI-2509 significantly reduced cell growth with an IC50 of 0.3-5 µmin vitro, which was linked to an enhancement of histone 3 lysine methylation. Most importantly, growth arrest, as well as inhibition of the invasion capacities, was independent of the underlying driver mutations. Subsequent expression profiling revealed that the cell cycle and replication machinery were prominently affected after LSD1 inhibition. In addition, our data provide evidence that LSD1 blockade significantly interferes with EGFR downstream signaling. Finally, our in vitro results were confirmed by preclinical therapeutic approaches, including the use of two autochthonous transgenic LUAD mouse models driven by either EGFR or KRAS mutations. Importantly, LSD1 inhibition resulted in significantly lower tumor formation and a strong reduction in tumor progression, which were independent of the underlying mutational background of the mouse models. Hence, our findings provide substantial evidence indicating that tumor growth of LUAD can be markedly decreased by HCI-2509 treatment, suggesting its use as a single agent maintenance therapy or combined therapeutical application in novel concerted drug approaches.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão/tratamento farmacológico , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Histona Desmetilases/antagonistas & inibidores , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Proteínas de Neoplasias/antagonistas & inibidores , Neoplasias Experimentais/tratamento farmacológico , Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão/enzimologia , Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão/genética , Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão/patologia , Animais , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Histona Desmetilases/genética , Histona Desmetilases/metabolismo , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/enzimologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Transgênicos , Proteínas de Neoplasias/genética , Proteínas de Neoplasias/metabolismo , Neoplasias Experimentais/enzimologia , Neoplasias Experimentais/genética , Neoplasias Experimentais/patologiaRESUMO
The epigenetic writer lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) is aberrantly upregulated in many cancer types and its overexpression correlates with poor survival and tumor progression. In this study, we analysed LSD1 function in non-small cell lung cancer adenocarcinomas. Expression profiling of 182 cases of lung adenocarcinoma proved a significant correlation of LSD1 overexpression with lung adenocarcinoma progression and metastasis. KRAS-mutated lung cancer cell clones were stably silenced for LSD1 expression. RNA-seq and comprehensive pathway analysis revealed, that genes related to a recently described non-canonical integrin ß3 pathway, were significantly downregulated by LSD1 silencing. Hence, invasion and self-renewal capabilities were strongly decreased. Notably, this novel defined LSD1/integrin ß3 axis, was also detected in human lung adenocarcinoma specimens. Furthermore, the linkage of LSD1 to an altered expression pattern of lung-lineage specific transcription factors and genes, which are involved in alveolar epithelial differentiation, was demonstrated. Thus, our findings point to a LSD1-integrin ß3 axis, conferring attributes of invasiveness and tumor progression to lung adenocarcinoma.