The RSNA Cervical Spine Fracture CT Dataset.

This dataset is composed of cervical spine CT images with annotations related to fractures; it is available at https://www.kaggle.com/competitions/rsna-2022-cervical-spine-fracture-detection/.

Bilateral Gonadoblastoma Overgrown by Dysgerminoma of the Right Gonad in a Patient with Swyer Syndrome.

Patients with Swyer syndrome, "XY gonadal dysgenesis", have fibrosed gonads with a significant risk of developing germ cell tumours. During radiological assessment, a 17-year-old female with Swyer syndrome showed mildly enlarged gonads that were removed laparoscopically and proved pathologically to be bilateral gonadoblastomas. In addition, the right sided lesion showed overgrowth by dysgerminoma. The patient was further treated with combination chemotherapy and she was in complete remission for three years.

Multidetector CT with 3-dimensional volume rendering in the evaluation of the spine in patients with Neurofibromatosis type 1: a retrospective review in 73 patients.

INTRODUCTION: Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1) may involve the spine as various abnormalities including bony dysplasia, scoliosis, and nerve sheath tumors. Surgery may be performed for stabilization of the spine. We have seen an increase in requests for multidetector CT (MDCT) imaging with the (three-dimensional) 3D-volume rendered (VR) images in patients evaluated at our institution. We, therefore, investigated how MDCT could be best utilized in this patient population. METHODS: Seventy-three patients with NF-1 were identified in whom MDCT imaging was performed for diagnostic, pre-operative, or post-operative evaluation of spinal abnormalities. True axial source images and two dimensional (2D) orthogonal reconstructed MDCT images, as well as the VR images, were compared with plain radiographs and MRI. In addition, the MDCT study was compared to the VR images. These studies were reviewed to compare assessment of A) bony abnormalities such as remodeling from dural ectasia, dysplasia, and fusion, B) abnormal spinal curvature, C) nerve sheath tumors, and D) surgical instrumentation. RESULTS: When compared to plain radiographs, the MDCT and VR images were rated as helpful for evaluating the abnormalities of the spine in 19 of 24 patients for a total of 30 findings. This included the following categories A) (n = 6), B) (n = 5), C) (n = 7), and D) (n = 12). Compared to MR, the MDCT and VR study was helpful in evaluating the findings of NF-1 in 24 of 36 patients for a total of 40 findings. This included the following categories A) (n = 12), B) (n = 10), C) (n = 3), and D) (n = 15). When the VR images were compared to the orthogonal MDCT, the VR images was rated as helpful in 41 of 73 patients for a total of 60 findings, including the following categories: A) (n = 11), B) (n = 24), C) (n = 0), and D) (n = 25). CONCLUSION: MDCT has distinct advantages over plain radiographs and MR imaging, and the VR images over MDCT in the evaluation of the spine in patients with NF-1, especially for the assessment of bony abnormalities, abnormal spinal curvature, and spinal instrumentation.

Radiation-associated head and neck sarcomas: spectrum of imaging findings.

Sarcomas developing after radiation treatment for primary malignancies of the head and neck are often detected clinically when they are very aggressive. We reviewed the patient demographics and imaging findings in 21 patients with radiation-associated sarcomas (RAS) of the head and neck treated at our institution. Twenty-one RAS of the head and neck were retrospectively reviewed. The lesions were assessed for presence of a soft tissue mass, enhancement pattern, bone destruction, characteristics of tumor matrix, and FDG avidity. The RAS developed 4.5-25 years (mean 12.7 years) after irradiation. On both CT and MRI, all 21 lesions presented with a soft tissue mass. A variable imaging appearance was noted on CT, MR, and PET/CT, most, but not all, demonstrated aggressive features. At a median follow-up time of 19.1 months, 11 of the 21 patients had died from the sarcoma. RAS have variable imaging appearances. While most demonstrate aggressive features, some appear benign, which can lead to misdiagnosis. Head and neck radiologists, surgeons and oncologists who manage patients after radiation treatment should be aware of the wide range of clinical presentations and imaging features of RAS, because failure to diagnose can delay appropriate treatment.

Co-registration of Sequential Multidetector Computed Tomography Studies for the Evaluation of Surgical Instrumentation following Resection of Spinal Tumors.

Surgical resection of spinal tumors involves complex reconstructive procedures. The stability and integrity of the surgical construct are evaluated with multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). As coregistration, or fusion, of different imaging modalities, especially positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), is common practice, we sought to determine if this technique could be applied to sequential, postoperative MDCT studies of the spine. Herein, we demonstrate that by utilizing the Hermes workstation, co-registration of MDCT spine studies can be performed. This technique allows sequential MDCT examinations of the post-operative spine to be viewed together as one study and may aid in evaluation of the position and integrity of the surgical construct over time. Further study and refinement of this technique will be necessary before clinical implementation.