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1.
Reprod Domest Anim ; 57(10): 1156-1164, 2022 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35702938

RESUMO

The work was aimed to research into the vital signs, haematological and biochemical parameters, acute-phase protein concentrations (CRP, albumin), progesterone (PG) and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) concentrations in bitches with pyometra and their comparison with those in healthy bitches. In addition, the goal of this work was to assess if some of the tested parameters may be used as a biomarker in the diagnostics of pyometra and the monitoring of the postoperative recovery. Forty 3-6-year-old bitches of various breeds were included in the research and allotted to two groups: the control (C, n = 20) and the diseased - bitches diagnosed with pyometra (P, n = 20). Blood samples for the analyses were taken immediately before surgery (0 h), and 12 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after, excepting for AMH and PG concentrations, which were determined only at 0 h. Clinical examination detected significantly higher respiration rates in bitches with pyometra in comparison to healthy ones at all time points, higher heart rates before and 12 h after surgery, and higher body temperature before and 12 h, 48 h and 72 h post operation (p < .01). Significantly higher concentrations of CRP (p < .01) and lower concentrations of albumin were detected in bitches with pyometra in comparison to their healthy counterparts at all time points. Progesterone and AMH concentration analysis immediately before surgery detected significantly higher levels of the hormone in bitches with pyometra than in the control (p < .01). The inflammatory reaction of the endometrium resulted in a significant AMH concentration increase, whilst increased CRP concentrations and lower albumin concentrations throughout the research may be used as biomarkers of proinflammatory activities, that is of the acute-phase response.


Assuntos
Doenças do Cão , Piometra , Animais , Hormônio Antimülleriano , Biomarcadores , Proteína C-Reativa/metabolismo , Cães , Feminino , Progesterona , Piometra/veterinária
2.
Parasitol Res ; 118(6): 1875-1883, 2019 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30945017

RESUMO

Neosporosis in cattle is a globally important disease, causing abortions and significant economic losses if epidemic abortions occur. In Serbia, however, studies of Neospora caninum infection in cattle are few and are based on limited samples and/or from limited areas. We thus performed a nationwide study to examine the seroprevalence of N. caninum infection in a sample of cows randomly selected from dairy farms in 12 epidemiological units from throughout Serbia, as well as the possible transmission risk factors. Sera from a total of 1496 cattle were tested by competitive ELISA, and N. caninum-specific antibodies were shown in 7.2% animals (95% confidence interval CI, 6.6-7.9%), ranging from 2.2 to 12% across the epidemiological units. At least one seropositive animal was detected on 10.7% (95% CI, 9.7-11.8%) of farms, with a range of 5.9-25.9%. Logistic regression analysis showed that the single risk factor for infection in individual animals was keeping cows in loose-stalls (OR = 3.31, 95% CI = 1.95-5.60, P < 0.001). Risk factors for the presence of infection on farms also included housing in loose-stalls (OR = 18.49, 95% CI = 5.40-63.36, P < 0.001), and herd size > 100 animals (OR = 24.08, 95% CI = 3.85-150.50, P = 0.001). In view of the relatively low prevalence of infection showed at both the individual and farm level, this is the perfect time to undertake appropriate preventive measures to improve animal health and reduce economic losses.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/sangue , Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Coccidiose/epidemiologia , Coccidiose/veterinária , Neospora/imunologia , Animais , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/parasitologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/transmissão , Coccidiose/transmissão , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/veterinária , Fazendas , Feminino , Neospora/isolamento & purificação , Gravidez , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Sérvia , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos
3.
Vet Res Commun ; 48(4): 2429-2440, 2024 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38809504

RESUMO

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of the immunostimulant Mycobacterium Cell Wall Fraction (MCWF) on the treatment of S. aureus SCM by intravenous application. The study included 45 HF dairy cows in 2nd and 3rd month after parturition divided into three groups (n = 15 per group): the MC + group - cows with S. aureus SCM treated with MCWF; the MC- group - cows with S. aureus SCM, with no treatment; and the C group - the control group of healthy cow with no treatment. Samples were collected 0th (I sample), 7th (II), and 14th day (III) from the day of SCM diagnosis and on day 21st (IV). A greater influx of leukocytes was confirmed into milk after 7 days after MCWF treatment in MC + group, which was followed by increase of WBC and LYM in blood. These results support the hypothesis of effective action of MCWF, and in quarters with lower-grade infection, bacteriological cure was achieved. The MC- group had a statistically higher concentration of TBARS and CAT activity in milk, while MC + group had lower blood serum LDH activity, which indicates a positive effect of the MCWF application and a lower exposure of the tissue to lipide peroxidation and inflammation caused by S. aureus. The application of MCWF would give new possibilities in the prevention and therapy of mammary gland diseases without fear of the presence of residues and the emergence of bacterial resistance. In future studies, the effects of local and systemic application of MCWF in the treatment of S. aureus SCM should be compared.


Assuntos
Parede Celular , Mastite Bovina , Mycobacterium , Infecções Estafilocócicas , Staphylococcus aureus , Animais , Feminino , Bovinos , Mastite Bovina/tratamento farmacológico , Mastite Bovina/microbiologia , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/fisiologia , Parede Celular/química , Parede Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Infecções Estafilocócicas/veterinária , Infecções Estafilocócicas/tratamento farmacológico , Mycobacterium/efeitos dos fármacos , Leite/citologia , Leite/química , Leite/microbiologia , Administração Intravenosa/veterinária
4.
Animals (Basel) ; 14(10)2024 May 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38791680

RESUMO

Dogs are the most popular pets worldwide. Close contact between dogs and people increases the risk of transmission of various zoonotic parasitic infections. Given the importance of veterinary medicine in preserving the One Health concept, the aim of this research was to identify intestinal parasites that may have zoonotic potential and to evaluate risk factors (individual and environmental). The research was conducted in Serbia in 2022 and 2023 on 382 owned dogs, using qualitative methods of coprological examination with a concentration on parasitic elements. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasites was 62.6%, with the following detected: protozoa: Cystoisospora spp. (9.2%), Sarcocystis spp. (4.5%), Neospora caninum/Hammondia spp. (3.7%), Giardia intestinalis (11.8%); nematoda: Toxocara canis (11.5%), Toxascaris leonina (4.2%), family Ancylostomatidae (38.0%), Trichuris vulpis (21.5%), Capillaria spp. (10.5%); trematoda: Alaria alata (1.6%) and cestodes from the Taeniidae family (1.3%). Factors like age, size and coat length, as well as the way of living, attitude and diet were linked to a significantly higher (p < 0.05) prevalence of intestinal parasites. Based on the results of coprological diagnostics, this research indicates the importance of educating dog owners, conducting routine parasitological tests on their pets and regular deworming strategies.

5.
Animals (Basel) ; 14(5)2024 Feb 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38473054

RESUMO

To improve the genomic evaluation of milk-related traits in Holstein-Friesian (HF) cattle it is essential to identify the associated candidate genes. Novel SNP-based analyses, such as the genetic mapping of inherited diseases, GWAS, and genomic selection, have led to a new era of research. The aim of this study was to analyze the association of each individual SNP in Serbian HF cattle with milk production traits and inbreeding levels. The SNP 60 K chip Axiom Bovine BovMDv3 was deployed for the genotyping of 334 HF cows. The obtained genomic results, together with the collected phenotypic data, were used for a GWAS. Moreover, the identification of ROH segments was performed and served for inbreeding coefficient evaluation and ROH island detection. Using a GWAS, a polymorphism, rs110619097 (located in the intron of the CTNNA3 gene), was detected to be significantly (p < 0.01) associated with the milk protein concentration in the first lactation (adjusted to 305 days). The average genomic inbreeding value (FROH) was 0.079. ROH islands were discovered in proximity to genes associated with milk production traits and genomic regions under selection pressure for other economically important traits of dairy cattle. The findings of this pilot study provide useful information for a better understanding of the genetic architecture of milk production traits in Serbian HF dairy cows and can be used to improve lactation performances in Serbian HF cattle breeding programs.

6.
Animals (Basel) ; 12(10)2022 May 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35625147

RESUMO

The study was conducted on a commercial pig farm located in Serbia. Thirty Duroc or Landrace breed boars were randomly selected for this study. The experimental group was fed a compound feed with added organic selenium and Oxynat 3D. The antioxidant status parameters of boar seminal plasma were evaluated using a biochemical analyzer and commercial Randox kits. The sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA) using flow cytometry (FC) provided information about spermatozoa's DNA status. Additionally, the total number of motile spermatozoa and spermatozoa kinematic parameters were measured using the computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) system. The aim of this study was to improve the parameters of semen by combining two preparations that have a potential antioxidant effect, but also to establish the level of various antioxidant enzymes in native sperm. There was no statistically significant difference in total antioxidant capacity and glutathione peroxidase activity in the seminal plasma obtained from the experimental and control groups of boars. Regarding the superoxide dismutase activity, the research results showed a difference in the control group compared to the experimental one. Moreover, spermatozoa DNA fragmentation and the total number of motile spermatozoa showed statistically significant lower and higher values, respectively, in experimental compared to the control groups. The combination of these two preparations shows significantly enhanced vital parameters of semen. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first in which the ejaculate parameters were examined after the application of a combination of these two antioxidant supplements.

7.
Antibiotics (Basel) ; 10(12)2021 Nov 27.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34943672

RESUMO

Mastitis represents a heavy burden for the dairy sector worldwide with high economic and animal welfare impact. Antibiotic treatment is an important component of mastitis control programs. However, emergence and transfer of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria is becoming a growing concern. Therefore, the development of novel agents is required for prevention and treatment of mastitis. Hence, our aim was to assess the antibacterial properties of two essential oils (EOs) obtained from oregano (Origanum vulgare L., Lamiaceae) and mountain savory (Satureja montana L., Lamiaceae) against mastitis-associated bacteria in Serbia. The chemical composition and antioxidant potential of these EOs were also evaluated. The present study was conducted on strains derived from aseptic milk samples collected from Holstein-Friesian cows with clinical or subclinical mastitis, during the morning milking. Clinical mastitis was assessed by clinical examination, while subclinical mastitis was confirmed using somatic cell count in the milk samples. The microdilution method was used to determine the antibacterial activity, while antioxidant potential of the EOs was evaluated in several in vitro assays. The values of minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were used to quantitatively measure the antibacterial activity of each EO. MIC/MBC ranged from 0.78/6.25 and 0.39/0.78 mg/mL for oregano and mountain savory, respectively. A total of 25 compounds were identified in the oregano EO, while 47 were identified in winter savory EO, among which aromatic oxygenated monoterpenes were the most abundant compounds. The tested EOs have shown promising antimicrobial activity and could be considered as one of the treatment approaches in mastitis-affected cows.

8.
Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj ; 1865(2): 129800, 2021 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33246032

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Due to the importance of both prostaglandins (PGs) and leukotrienes (LTs) as pro-inflammatory mediators, and the potential for eicosanoid shunting in the presence of pathway target inhibitors, we have investigated an approach to inhibiting the formation of both PGs and LTs as part of a multi-targeted drug discovery effort. METHODS: We generated ligand-protein X-ray crystal structures of known inhibitors of microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase-1 (mPGES-1) and the 5-Lipoxygenase Activating Protein (FLAP), with their respective proteins, to understand the overlapping pharmacophores. We subsequently used molecular modeling and structure-based drug design (SBDD) to identify hybrid structures intended to inhibit both targets. RESULTS: This work enabled the preparation of compounds 4 and 5, which showed potent in vitro inhibition of both targets. SIGNIFICANCE: Our findings enhance the structural understanding of mPGES-1 and FLAP's unique ligand binding pockets and should accelerate the discovery of additional dual inhibitors for these two important integral membrane protein drug targets.


Assuntos
Inibidores da Proteína Ativadora de 5-Lipoxigenase/farmacologia , Descoberta de Drogas , Eicosanoides/antagonistas & inibidores , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Prostaglandina-E Sintases/antagonistas & inibidores , Inibidores da Proteína Ativadora de 5-Lipoxigenase/química , Proteínas Ativadoras de 5-Lipoxigenase/metabolismo , Eicosanoides/metabolismo , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Humanos , Modelos Moleculares , Prostaglandina-E Sintases/metabolismo , Relação Estrutura-Atividade
9.
J Med Chem ; 58(16): 6607-18, 2015 Aug 27.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26218343

RESUMO

To further elucidate the structural activity correlation of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonism, the crystal structure of the GR ligand-binding domain (GR LBD) complex with a nonsteroidal antagonist, compound 8, was determined. This novel indole sulfonamide shows in vitro activity comparable to known GR antagonists such as mifepristone, and notably, this molecule lowers LDL (-74%) and raises HDL (+73%) in a hamster model of dyslipidemia. This is the first reported crystal structure of the GR LBD bound to a nonsteroidal antagonist, and this article provides additional elements for the design and pharmacology of clinically relevant nonsteroidal GR antagonists that may have greater selectivity and fewer side effects than their steroidal counterparts.


Assuntos
Dislipidemias/tratamento farmacológico , Receptores de Glucocorticoides/agonistas , Receptores de Glucocorticoides/antagonistas & inibidores , Animais , Sítios de Ligação , Cricetinae , Cristalografia por Raios X , Dieta Hiperlipídica , Feminino , Ligantes , Lipídeos/sangue , Mesocricetus , Modelos Moleculares , Conformação Proteica , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Receptores de Glucocorticoides/genética , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Sulfonamidas/síntese química , Sulfonamidas/farmacologia
10.
J Med Chem ; 57(3): 849-60, 2014 Feb 13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24446728

RESUMO

The structural basis of the pharmacology enabling the use of glucocorticoids as reliable treatments for inflammation and autoimmune diseases has been augmented with a new group of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) ligands. Compound 10, the archetype of a new family of dibenzoxepane and dibenzosuberane sulfonamides, is a potent anti-inflammatory agent with selectivity for the GR versus other steroid receptors and a differentiated gene expression profile versus clinical glucocorticoids (lower GR transactivation with comparable transrepression). A stereospecific synthesis of this chiral molecule provides the unique topology needed for biological activity and structural biology. In vivo activity of 10 in acute and chronic models of inflammation is equivalent to prednisolone. The crystal structure of compound 10 within the GR ligand binding domain (LBD) unveils a novel binding conformation distinct from the classic model adopted by cognate ligands. The overall conformation of the GR LBD/10 complex provides a new basis for binding, selectivity, and anti-inflammatory activity and a path for further insights into structure-based ligand design.


Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/química , Benzoxepinas/química , Receptores de Glucocorticoides/química , Sulfonamidas/química , Doença Aguda , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/farmacocinética , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/farmacologia , Artrite Experimental/induzido quimicamente , Artrite Experimental/tratamento farmacológico , Benzoxepinas/farmacocinética , Benzoxepinas/farmacologia , Sítios de Ligação , Carragenina , Linhagem Celular , Doença Crônica , Colágeno , Cristalografia por Raios X , Desenho de Fármacos , Edema/induzido quimicamente , Edema/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Ligantes , Masculino , Modelos Moleculares , Conformação Molecular , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Receptores de Glucocorticoides/metabolismo , Estereoisomerismo , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Sulfonamidas/farmacocinética , Sulfonamidas/farmacologia
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