Removal of malachite green from water: Comparison of adsorption in a residue-derived AC versus photocatalytic oxidation with TiO2 and study of the adsorption-photocatalysis synergy.

The literature rarely compiles studies devoted to the removal of pollutants in aqueous media comparing adsorption and photocatalytic degradation, and does not pay enough attention to the analysis of combined adsorption-photocatalytic oxidation processes. In the present manuscript, the removal of malachite green (MG) from aqueous solutions has been investigated in three different sustainable scenarios: i) adsorption on activated carbon (AC) derived from a residue, luffa cylindrica, ii) photocatalytic oxidation under simulated solar light using titanium dioxide (TP) and iii) combined adsorption-photocatalytic oxidation using TP-AC (70/30 wt./wt.) under simulated solar light. The study has revealed that in the three scenarios and studied conditions, the total removal of this endocrine-disrupting dye from the solution takes place in the assayed time, 2 h, in some cases just in a few minutes. MG adsorption in the AC is a very fast and efficient removal method. MG photocatalytic oxidation with TP also occurs efficiently, although the oxidized MG is not totally mineralized. MG removal using the TP-AC composite under simulated solar light occurs only slightly faster to the MG adsorption in the AC, being adsorption the dominating MG removal mechanism for TP-AC. Thus, more than 90% of the removed MG with TP-AC under simulated solar light is adsorbed in this carbon-containing composite. The obtained results highlight the interest in adsorption, being the selection of the most suitable removal method dependent on several factors (i.e., the cost of the AC regeneration, for adsorption, or the toxicity of the intermediate oxidation species, for photooxidation). Paying attention to MG photooxidation with TiO2, comparison of two working photodegradation schemes shows that the direct photodegradation of MG from solution, avoiding any initial dark equilibrium period, is more efficient from a time perspective. The use of scavengers has proved that MG photodegradation occurs via an oxidation mechanism dominated by superoxide anion radicals.

Global cross-cultural validation of a brief measure for identifying potential suicide risk in 42 countries.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the P4 suicide screener in a multinational sample. The primary goal was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the scale and investigate its convergent validity by analyzing its correlation with depression, anxiety, and substance use. STUDY DESIGN: The study design is a cross-sectional self-report study conducted across 42 countries. METHODS: A cross-sectional, self-report study was conducted in 42 countries, with a total of 82,243 participants included in the final data set. RESULTS: The study provides an overview of suicide ideation rates across 42 countries and confirms the structural validity of the P4 screener. The findings indicated that sexual and gender minority individuals exhibited higher rates of suicidal ideation. The P4 screener showed adequate reliability, convergence, and discriminant validity, and a cutoff score of 1 is recommended to identify individuals at risk of suicidal behavior. CONCLUSIONS: The study supports the reliability and validity of the P4 suicide screener across 42 diverse countries, highlighting the importance of using a cross-cultural suicide risk assessment to standardize the identification of high-risk individuals and tailoring culturally sensitive suicide prevention strategies.

Randomized clinical trial of intracorporeal versus extracorporeal anastomosis in laparoscopic right colectomy (IEA trial).

BACKGROUND: Several non-randomized and retrospective studies have suggested that intracorporeal anastomosis (IA) has advantages over extracorporeal anastomosis (EA) in laparoscopic right colectomy, but scientific evidence is lacking. The aim was to compare short-term outcomes and to define the possible benefits of IA compared with EA in elective laparoscopic right colectomy. METHODS: An RCT was conducted from May 2015 to June 2018. The primary endpoint was duration of hospital stay. Secondary endpoints were intraoperative technical events and postoperative clinical outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 140 patients were randomized. Duration of surgery was longer for procedures with an IA than in those with an EA (median 149 (range 95-215) versus 123 (60-240) min; P < 0·001). Wound length was shorter in the IA group (median 6·7 (4-9·5) versus 8·7 (5-13) cm; P < 0·001). Digestive function recovered earlier in patients with an IA (median 2·3 versus 3·3 days; P = 0·003) and the incidence of paralytic ileus was lower (13 versus 30 per cent; P = 0·022). Less postoperative analgesia was needed in the IA group (mean(s.d.) weighted analgesia requirement 39(24) versus 53(26); P = 0·001) and the pain score was also lower (P = 0·035). The postoperative decrease in haemoglobin level was smaller (mean(s.d.) 8·8(1·7) versus 17·1(1·7) mg/dl; P = 0·001) and there was less lower gastrointestinal bleeding (3 versus 14 per cent; P = 0·031) in the IA group. IA was associated with a significantly better rate of grade I and II complications (P = 0·016 and P = 0·037 respectively). The duration of hospital stay was slightly shorter in the IA group (median 5·7 (range 2-19) versus 6·6 (2-23) days; P = 0·194). CONCLUSION: Duration of hospital stay was similar, but IA was associated with less pain and fewer complications. Registration number: NCT02667860 ( http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).

ANTECEDENTES: Varios estudios no aleatorizados y retrospectivos sugieren que la anastomosis intracorpórea (intracorporeal anastomosis, IA) tiene ventajas sobre la anastomosis extracorpórea (extracorporeal anastomosis, EA) en la colectomía laparoscópica derecha, pero no hay suficientes evidencias científicas. El objetivo del estudio fue comparar los resultados a corto plazo y definir los posibles beneficios de la anastomosis intracorpórea versus extracorpórea en la colectomía derecha laparoscópica electiva. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un ensayo clínico prospectivo y aleatorizado de mayo de 2015 a junio de 2018. El criterio de valoración principal fue la duración de la estancia hospitalaria. Los criterios de valoración secundarios fueron los eventos técnicos intraoperatorios y los resultados clínicos postoperatorios. RESULTADOS: Se aleatorizaron 140 pacientes. El tiempo quirúrgico fue más largo para la IA que para la EA (149,49 ± 27,24 versus 123,35 ± 36,56 min; P = 0,001). La longitud de la herida fue más corta en la IA (6,65 ± 1,21 versus 8,72 ± 1,44 cm; P < 0,001). La función digestiva se recuperó antes en la IA que en la EA (2,3 versus 3,3 días, P = 0,003) y la incidencia de íleo paralítico fue menor (13% versus 30%, P = 0,022). Los requisitos de analgesia postoperatoria fueron menores con la IA (39 ± 24,3 versus 53 ± 26; P < 0,001) y la puntuación de dolor (EVA) también fue menor (P < 0,035). El descenso de la hemoglobina en el postoperatorio y la hemorragia gastrointestinal baja fueron menores en la IA que en la EA (-8,83 ± 1,7 versus -17,07 ± 1,7 mg/dl; P = 0,001) y (2,8% versus 14%; P = 0,031), respectivamente. La clasificación de Clavien-Dindo mostró que la IA se asoció con resultados significativamente mejores que la EA: grado I (10% versus 27% P = 0,016); grado II (18% versus 35%, P = 0,0369). La puntuación del índice de complicación integral (comprehensive complication index, CCI) fue menor en el grupo IA (5,33 ± 9,2 versus 11,15 ± 14,34; P = 0,006). La estancia hospitalaria fue más corta en el grupo de IA pero sin diferencia significativa (5,65 ± 3,75 versus 6,58 ± 4,63 días; P = 0,194). CONCLUSIÓN: La IA presenta ventajas clínicas sobre la EA en la colectomía derecha laparoscópica.

Intracorporeal versus extracorporeal anastomosis in right hemicolectomy assisted by laparoscopy: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequent cancer diagnosed in men and the second in women. Laparoscopic surgery has been a technical revolution in colorectal surgery, facilitating a better recovery of patients with lower morbidity and better esthetic results, compared to traditional surgery via laparotomy, without compromising safety and long-term oncological results. PURPOSE: The trial is a randomized controlled trial indented to evaluate the two interventions with thorough measurements of the postoperative variables and complications to improve the evaluation of the surgical technique. The primary endpoint is to compare the hospital stay, which will be measured in days between both groups. The purpose of the study at secondary endpoints is to compare intraoperative and postoperative events between both groups in terms of operating time, anastomotic performance time, intraoperative complications, number of harvested lymph nodes, need for blood transfusion, length of the surgical wound, start and tolerance of oral intake, beginning of digestive functionality, postoperative pain, need for analgesic administration, surgical wound infection, paralytic ileus, anastomosis leakage or dehiscence, need for surgical reintervention, and hospital readmission within the first 30 days after surgery. METHODS: This trial is a prospective, randomized, single-blind, and single-center clinical trial comparing intracorporeal anastomosis versus extracorporeal anastomosis for right laparoscopic hemicolectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Nowadays, there are several retrospective trials comparing the benefits for extracorporeal anastomosis versus intracorporeal anastomosis in right colon cancer patients. Considering the impact for laparoscopic surgery, we think it is necessary to do a randomized trial comparing extracorporeal versus intracorporeal anastomosis modalities. TRIAL REGISTRATION: www.clinicaltrials.gov No. NCT02667860 and Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau Research Institute No. IIBSP-AIE-2015-01.

Overexpression of peroxiredoxin 2 in pterygium. A proteomic approach.

Pterygium is one of the most frequent pathologies in ophthalmology, and is a benign, fibrovascular lesion originating from the bulbar conjunctiva. It is composed of an epithelium and highly vascular, subepithelial, loose connective tissue. The etiology of pterygium is not clearly understood; the most widely recognized originating factor is ultraviolet radiation. It has been proposed that pterygium and neoplasia have common features, raising the possibility that pterygium is a neoplastic-like growth disorder. In this study, proteomic analysis was performed to show that peroxiredoxin 2 is overexpressed in pterygia compared to healthy conjunctivas. Twelve pterygium specimens were obtained together with healthy conjunctival tissue from the same eyes. Total proteins of pterygia and healthy conjunctivas were analyzed in SDS-PAGE. This analysis showed protein bands expressed exclusively in pterygium samples at the range of 20-25 kDa. After this, 2D electrophoresis was performed for the separation of total proteins; differential spots expressed in pterygium were excised and sequenced. Mass spectrometry (MS) data were searched in the NCBInr and EST databases using the MASCOT program. The spot was identified as peroxiredoxin 2. Real-time PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry showed that peroxiredoxin 2 was increased in pterygium compared to healthy conjunctiva. Although, these results suggest that overexpression of peroxiredoxin 2 in pterygium could protect the cell against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis, further studies are required to establish the functional role of peroxiredoxin 2 in pterygium to determine its role in peroxidation and apoptosis in this pathology.

An imbalance between frequency of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells and CCR4+ and CCR9+ circulating helper T cells is associated with active perennial allergic conjunctivitis.

Allergic conjunctivitis (AC) is one of the most common eye disorders in ophthalmology. In mice models, it has been suggested that control of allergic conjunctivitis is a delicate balance between Tregs and inflammatory migrating effector cells. Our aim was to evaluate the frequency of Tregs and the frequency of homing receptors expressing cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with perennial allergic conjunctivitis (PAC). The analyses of phenotypic markers on CD4+ T cells and both soluble or intracellular cytokines were performed by flow cytometry. CD4+CD25+ cells were 15 times more frequent in PBMC from patients than HC; the vast majority of these CD4+CD25+ cells were FOXP3-, and most of CD4+ T cells were CCR4+ and CCR9+ cells. Upon allergen-stimulation, no significant changes were observed in frequency of Treg; however, an increased frequency of CD4+CCR4+CCR9+ cells, CD4+CD103+ cells and CD4+CD108+ cells with increased IL-5, IL-6, and IL-8 production was observed. These findings suggest an immune dysregulation in PAC, characterized by diminished frequency of Tregs and increased frequency of circulating activated CD4+ T cells; upon allergen-stimulation, these cells were expressing cell-surface molecules related to mucosa homing and were able to trigger an inflammatory microenvironment.

An odd case of heteroallelic acute intermittent porphyria in the Argentinean population.

AIP is an acute liver disorder caused by a deficiency of porphobilinogen deaminase (PBGD) characterized by neuroabdominal symptoms. It is an autosomal dominant disease. However, homozygous dominant AIP (HD-AIP) have been described. In some cases erythrodontia was observed. CEP is an autosomal recessive disease produced by mutations in the uroporphyrinogen III synthase gene (UROS), characterized by severe cutaneous lesions and erythrodontia. The aim of the work was to establish the differential diagnosis of porphyria in a patient with abdominal pain, neurological attacks, skin symptoms and erythrodontia. The PBGD activity was reduced 50% and the genetic analysis indicated the presence of two genetic variants in the PBGD gene, p.G111R and p.E258G, a new genetic variant, revealing a case of heteroallelic HD-AIP. The patient, first diagnosed as a carrier of a dual porphyria: AIP / CEP based on the excretion profile of porphyrins, precursors and her clinical symptoms, would be an atypical case of human HD-AIP. These results would also suggest the presence of a phenocopy of the CEP, induced by an endogenous or exogenous factor. Our findings highlight the importance of genetic studies for a proper diagnosis of porphyria, prevention of its manifestation and its treatment.

Cutaneous metastases of internal tumors.

Cutaneous metastases are relatively rare in clinical practice and their diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion because clinical findings can be subtle. These metastases reveal the presence of disseminated malignant disease and can lead to the diagnosis of unsuspected internal tumors or the spread or recurrence of an already diagnosed tumor. Early recognition of cutaneous metastases can facilitate prompt and accurate diagnosis resulting in early treatment; however, they are generally indicative of a poor prognosis. Some tumors have a predilection to metastasize to specific areas. Recognition of these patterns provides essential information that can guide the search for the underlying tumor.

Traumatic rupture of horseshoe kidney.

We present the case of a 25-year-old male who came to the emergency room for pain and abdominal distension following trauma to the mesogastrium. A CT scan was performed, revealing a voluminous retroperitoneal hematoma with laceration of both inferior renal poles with regard to rupture of the isthmus of a horseshoe kidney. The patient presented anemization and increased pain, requiring selective embolization by means of arteriography of a branch of the right renal artery and placement of a double J stent due to urinary extravasation in the lower left kidney pole. Following 1 year of monitoring, the patient has maintained normal renal function. Renal affection in blunt abdominal trauma is frequent, occurring in 7% of previously pathological kidneys. The traumatic rupture of horseshoe kidney is facilitated by its particular anatomical characteristics, constituting an infrequent entity, knowledge of which is necessary to achieve conservative management that renders it possible to preserve renal function.

Arsenic toxicity in a sediment-dwelling polychaete: detoxification and arsenic metabolism.

The accumulation, subcellular distribution and speciation of arsenic in the polychaete Arenicola marina were investigated under different laboratory exposure conditions representing a range of metal bioavailabilities, to gain an insight into the physiological mechanisms of how A. marina handles bioaccumulated arsenic and to improve our understanding of the potential ecotoxicological significance of bioaccumulated arsenic in this deposit-feeder. The exposure conditions included exposure to sublethal concentrations of dissolved arsenate, exposure to sublethal concentrations of sediment-bound metal mining mixtures, and exposure to lethal concentrations of sediment-bound metal mining mixtures and arsenic- and multiple metal-spiked sediments. The sub-lethal exposures indicate that arsenic bioaccumulated by the deposit-feeding polychaete A. marina is stored in the cytosol as heat stable proteins (~50%) including metallothioneins, possibly as As (III)-thiol complexes. The remaining arsenic is mainly accumulated in the fraction containing cellular debris (~20%), with decreasing proportions accumulated in the metal-rich granules, organelles and heat-sensitive proteins fractions. A biological detoxified metal compartment including heat stable proteins and the fraction containing metal-rich granules is capable of binding arsenic coming into the cells at a constant rate under sublethal arsenic bioavailabilities. The remaining arsenic entering the cell is bound loosely into the cellular debris fraction, which can be subsequently released and diverted to an expanding detoxified pool. Our results suggest that a metal sensitive compartment comprising the cellular debris, enzymes and organelles fractions may be more representative of the toxic effects observed.

Omalizumab for the treatment of atopic dermatitis.

Atopy is almost always associated with an elevated immunoglobulin (Ig) E production. Omalizumab is a monoclonal anti-IgE antibody that is currently indicated for the treatment of cases of asthma that satisfy certain criteria. A number of studies have been published on the usefulness of omalizumab in the treatment of atopic dermatitis, and the results have been variable. We present our experience in the treatment of 9 patients with severe atopic dermatitis refractory to at least 2 systemic drugs. All patients reported a decrease in pruritus and an improvement in quality of life. Good control of the skin disease was achieved with omalizumab in monotherapy in 2 patients, and there was a slight improvement in the eczematous lesions in 4 patients. Those patients who also had asthma achieved good control of their respiratory symptoms and did not require additional therapy. Omalizumab is a well-tolerated and safe drug that can be useful for the treatment of severe atopic dermatitis refractory to other systemic therapies. This monoclonal anti-IgE antibody is a major therapeutic advance as it opens the door to the management of atopic dermatitis using systemic immunomodulating therapies.

Are there differences between ceftolozane/tazobactam and ceftazidime/avibactam in treating patients with complicated abdominal infections? Evidence from clinical trials.

Ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T) and ceftazidime/avibactam (CZA) are new possibilities of antimicrobial treatment that combined a ß-lactam with a ß-lactamase inhibitor. The United States (US) and European regulatory agencies approved their clinical use in adults with complicated intra-abdominal infections. This study aims to know if one of the two antibiotics obtain better efficacy in adults with complicated intra-abdominal infections and by specific pathogens such as P. aeruginosa or E. coli. A search of all trials in MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science comparing a C/T or CZA based antimicrobial regimen with other treatments in patients with intraabdominal infections until August 2021 was performed. To make indirect comparisons, we used a frequentist approach using the R package netmeta.The effects have been expressed through the relative risk (RR) with its confidence interval. Considering the clinical cure and failure rates between the different trial populations (mMITT, CE, ME) and the mortality at the end of the study, we have not found significant differences between CZA and C/T. In the case of Pseudomonas, the RR of treatment failure between these two antibiotics is 1 (95% CI 0.55-1.18). In the case of E. Coli, although it seems that CZA would have a worse result than C/T, differences did not reach statistical significance (RR1.06; 95% CI 0.9-1.14). In conclusion, we have not found statistically significant differences between ceftolozane-tazobactam and ceftazidime-avibactam in treating cIAI. In regards to E. Coli, our results do not reach significance, but it would be possible that C/T and meropenem had better results than CZA. Perhaps new trials would allow a better profile of the role in different types of patients or infections caused by specific microorganisms in the future.

Surface-Enriched Boron-Doped TiO2 Nanoparticles as Photocatalysts for Propene Oxidation.

A series of nanostructured boron-TiO2 photocatalysts (B-X-TiO2-T) were prepared by sol-gel synthesis using titanium tetraisopropoxide and boric acid. The effects of the synthesis variables, boric acid amount (X) and crystallization temperature (T), on structural and electronic properties and on the photocatalytic performance for propene oxidation, are studied. This reaction accounts for the remediation of pollution caused by volatile organic compounds, and it is carried out at low concentrations, a case in which efficient removal techniques are difficult and costly to implement. The presence of boric acid during the TiO2 synthesis hinders the development of rutile without affecting the textural properties. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis reveals the interstitial incorporation of boron into the surface lattice of the TiO2 nanostructure, while segregation of B2O3 occurs in samples with high boron loading, also confirmed by X-ray diffraction. The best-performing photocatalysts are those with the lowest boron loading. Their high activity, outperforming the equivalent sample without boron, can be attributed to a high anatase and surface hydroxyl group content and efficient photo-charge separation (photoelectrochemical characterization, PEC), which can explain the suppression of visible photoluminescence (PL). Crystallization at 450 °C renders the most active sample, likely due to the development of a pure anatase structure with a large surface boron enrichment. A shift in the wavelength-dependent activity profile (PEC data) and the lowest electron-hole recombination rate (PL data) are also observed for this sample.

Immunophenotyping in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, aqueous humour and vitreous in a Blau syndrome patient caused by a novel NOD2 mutation.

The genetic and immunophenotypic characteristics of a 3-year-old patient with Blau syndrome (BS), an early onset sarcoidosis caused by mutations in NOD2, were investigated. Molecular analysis of NOD2 gene was achieved by PCR and direct nucleotide sequencing. Immunophenotyping included cytometric analysis of memory-effector markers on T-cells, and cytokine in serum, aqueous humour and vitreous. A novel M513R mutation in NOD2 was demonstrated. Immunophenotyping revealed higher frequency of CCR4+ cells and CCR9+ cells on CD4+ cells; most CD8+ cells were CCR7- and CCR9+. IL6 and IL-8 were detected in a gradient manner: vitreous humour>aqueous humour>serum. The immunophenotype in this patient was characterized by a differential expression of chemokine receptors on T cells and by a particular ocular microenvironment enriched in IL-6 and IL-8. To our knowledge, this is the first study analysing the immunological features of BS at aqueous humour, vitreous and blood levels. Our results expand the knowledge of the genetic and immunopathological basis of BS.

Effect of biofumigation with manure amendments and repeated biosolarization on Fusarium densities in pepper crops.

In the region of Murcia (southeast Spain), sweet pepper has been grown as a monoculture in greenhouses for many years. Until 2005, when it was banned, soils were disinfested with methyl bromide (MB) to control pathogens and to prevent soil fatigue effects. The genus Fusarium plays an important role in the microbiological component associated with yield decline in pepper monocultures. In the present study, soils were treated with manure amendments, alone (biofumigation, B) or in combination with solarization (biosolarization, BS), with or without the addition of pepper plant residues. The B and BS treatments were compared with a treatment using MB. The extent of disinfestation was measured from the density of Fusarium spp. isolated from the soil before and after the respective treatments. Three different species were systematically isolated: Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani and Fusarium equiseti. The repeated use of manure amendments with pepper crop residues, without solarization, was unable to decrease the Fusarium spp. density (which increased from 2,047.17 CFU g(-1) to 3,157.24 CFU g(-1) before and after soil disinfestation, respectively), unlike MB-treated soil (in which the fungi decreased from 481.39 CFU g(-1) to 23.98 CFU g(-1)). However, the effectiveness of the repeated application of BS in diminishing doses (with or without adding plant residues) on Fusarium populations (reductions greater than 72%) was similar to or even greater than the effect of MB.

[Orthotopic liver transplantation. Experience in the University Hospital of Monterrey, N.L]. / Trasplante hepático ortotpico. Experiencia en el Hospital Universitario de Monterrey, N.L.

INTRODUCTION: Several programs of organ and tissues transplantation have been developed for over a decade at the University Hospital. OBJECTIVE: To describe long term complications and survival in the liver transplant program at the University Hospital, UANL. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The long term complications and survival were analyzed in the liver transplant program at the University Hospital Dr. José Eleuterio González in the period between 1991 and 2011. RESULTS: Ninety six liver transplants were performed during this period, four of them received one re-transplant and one patient received 2 retransplants. Most common long term complications were metabolic 62%, bony 31% and infectious 28%. Median survival was 78 months. CONCLUSIONS: Liver transplant program at the University Hospital UANL has grown, being the most active in the state of Nuevo Leon, with 1-, 5- and 10-years survival of 66.1, 53.3 and 46.2%, respectively.

Metastatic prostate cancer on the thyroid cartilage: unusual symptoms of prostatic adenocarcinoma. Case report.

OBJECTIVE: To review the unusual localizations of metastasic prostate cancer with the contribution of a clinical case of prostatic adenocarcinoma metastasis in the thyroid cartilage. METHODS: 49-year-old-male admitted with history of 48 hour hematuria associated with lumbar pain radiating to the lower extremities and cervical tumour for 3 months. RESULTS: CT scan of the thorax, abdomen and pelvis was performed showing an insufflating lesion on the left thyroid cartilage lamina suggesting chondrosarcoma, a 4 cm tumour on the posterior side of the bladder, and metastases on L4-S1 vertebral bodies and left iliac bone. Cystoscopy revealed an image on the posterior vesical wall suggesting prostatic infiltration by a tumoral process without evidence of urothelial tumors. PSA was 617 ng/ml. Digital rectal examination: Prostate with augmented consistency. Due to these results an ultrasound-guided transrectal prostatic biopsy was performed with the pathological result of Gleason 8 prostatic adenocarcinoma involving boths lobes. Complete androgen blockade with Bicalutamide and Goserelin was started with good response lowering the PSA level down to 29 ng/ml. Regarding the cervical mass suggestive of thyroid chondrosarcoma a left vertical partial laryngectomy was performed with replacement of the thyroid cartilage by septal cartilage. Pathological study of the piece revealed the presence of prostatic adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSION: Metastatic prostate cancer in the thyroid cartilage is exceptional, there being only five cases described in the literature. This fact, linked to the scant frequency of tumours lying in this cartilage and diagnosis by means of radiological suspicion, makes it very difficult to include metastatic prostate cancer in the routine differential diagnosis of cervical masses.

Bilateral primary renal lymphoma: case report and bibliographic review.

OBJECTIVE: To review the presentation, diagnosis and treatment of primary renal lymphoma through a new case report. METHODS: We report the case of a 73-year-old man who presented at A&E with constitutional symptoms and weight loss of 9 kilograms over 3 months RESULTS: Laboratory analysis showed impaired renal function, anemia and hypercalcemia. Imaging tests showed a large solid mass in the right perirenal area with infiltration of the parenchyma and Gerota's fascia surrounding the hilum of the kidney, as well as a solid mass in the inferior pole of the left kidney. Pathology showed the presence of lymphoid-like monomorphic cells. After establishing the diagnosis of bilateral primary renal lymphoma it was decided to start treatment with CHOP-Rituximab-type combination chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Primary renal lymphoma is a rare entity and the diagnostic technique of choice is CT. Definitive diagnosis is confirmed on histology. In view of its aggressive nature and poor prognosis, it is important to make an early diagnosis in order to start treatment promptly. The treatment of choice is systemic chemotherapy using a CHOP regimen.