RESUMO
This systematic literature review identified factors associated with sexual risks related to sexually transmitted infections (STI), HIV and other blood-borne viruses (BBV) among women using heroin and other drugs. The search strategy included five databases (PubMed, EMBASE, PsycNET, Web of Science, Scopus), and PsycEXTRA for grey literature. Out of the 12,135 publications screened, 30 peer-reviewed articles were included. Most publications were cross-sectional (n = 25), quantitative (n = 23) and included 11,305 women. Factors identified were: (1) socio-demographics; (2) gender roles and violence against women; (3) substance use; (4) transactional sex; (5) partner characteristics, partner's drug use, and context of sex; (6) preferences, negotiation and availability of condoms; (7) HIV status and STIs; (8) number of sexual partners; (9) love and trust; (10) reproductive health and motherhood; and (11) risk awareness and perception of control. Overall, this review highlights important implications for future research and practice, and provides evidence for developing STI/BBV preventive strategies.
Assuntos
Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Dependência de Heroína/epidemiologia , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Violência/estatística & dados numéricos , Viroses/epidemiologia , Patógenos Transmitidos pelo Sangue , Preservativos , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Humanos , Negociação , Saúde Reprodutiva , Fatores de Risco , Assunção de Riscos , Trabalho Sexual/estatística & dados numéricos , Comportamento Sexual , Parceiros Sexuais , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Men's disinclination to seek medical help has been linked to higher rates of morbidity and mortality compared to women. However, previous studies were conducted predominantly with healthy, young, and middle-aged men. We explored the perceived medical barriers to help-seeking in older men with prostate cancer. METHOD: 20 men with prostate cancer took part in semistructured interviews, which were analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS: Three themes were identified related to negative attitudes toward help-seeking: male gender role; fear of the health condition, medical and treatment procedures; and embarrassment as a consequence of medical examinations, communication with health (and nonhealth) professionals, and the disclosure of sexual-related symptoms. CONCLUSION: The barriers identified in our study strengthen the evidence for the impact of traditional masculinity on help-seeking in men.