Extraction of dislocated lenses using vitrectomy techniques.

In fourteen eyes in thirteen patients, dislocated lenses into the vitreous were extracted using the techniques of vitreous surgery. Our surgical techniques of the extraction, as well as the indication and the prognosis, were described in this paper. Techniques of the lens extraction were basically Barraquer's method, but in modified form. Vitrectomy was carried out by open sky approach (in 2 cases) or pars plana approach (in 12 cases). In cases complicated by acute phacolytic uveitis, excellent results were obtained by these surgical techniques after the complete control of inflammation with steroid. Before surgical extraction, intraocular pressure had been elevated over 21 mm Hg in eight cases. But in all these cases intraocular pressure was controlled without medication after surgery. Visual acuity was improved unless chorioretinal atrophy or glaucoma were not accompanied. From these surgical results, it seems to be reasonable to extract surgically the dislocated lens before the eye is severely damaged.

[An experimental and clinical study of chorioretinal photocoagulation using a frequency-doubled Nd: YAG laser].

We developed a new frequency-doubled Nd: YAG laser system which works on 100 volts AC and emits continuous wave green laser light of 532 nm. Histological observation of rabbit eyes revealed no difference in chorioretinal lesions produced with the frequency-doubled Nd: YAG laser or with an argon green laser. This device was then clinically applied to 69 eyes of 59 patients with several disorders such as diabetic retinopathy, retinal vein occlusion, Eales' disease, Coats' disease, age-related macular degeneration, lattice degeneration in the peripheral retina, macular hole, and retinal tear. The ophthalmoscopic findings showed no visible differences in the lesions made with this device or with the argon laser. No complications were observed in these patients except for one case of central retinal vein occlusion, which developed vitreous hemorrhage after the treatment. This solid-state laser system has some mechanical advantages over the gas laser, i.e. reduced cooling requirements, easy maintenance, and long life, and it is considered to be usable clinically.

Adsorbate motions induced by inelastic-tunneling current: theoretical scenarios of two-electron processes.

We discuss how the excitation of high-frequency modes in adsorbed molecules may result in motion (e.g., rotation, translation, or dissociation) of the molecules. Our study is based on rate equations and considers one- and two-vibrational excitation processes, corresponding to linear and quadratic dependences of the reaction rate on the tunneling current in the case the scanning tunneling microscopy is used to excite the vibrations (inelastic tunneling). From the results reported in this paper it should be possible to obtain intramolecular transition rates directly from the experimental data, and gain some understanding on how these important quantities depend on the modes involved and on the substrate.